高原环境对航空保障装备的影响分析及对策

高原地区独特的气候环境会对航空保障装备技术性能的正常发挥产生重要影响。根据高原气候环境特点和保障装备结构组成,从动力系统、电气系统、气源系统和液压系统四个方面,分析了高原环境对保障装备的影响因素,有针对性地提出了保障装备在高原环境下的改进对策,可为现役装备技术改进和新型装备设计研制提供理论参考。     

试样投试时间对高原环境大气曝露试验结果影响的初探

本文根据高原气候特点,通过对比试验,分析了试样投放时间对高原环境大气曝露试验结果的影响,并对高原环境下的投放时间提出了建议,对进行产品及材料的高原环境大气曝露试验有一定的参考价值。     

航空装备高原寒区保障资源配置研究

针对试飞阶段航空装备在高原寒区使用环境条件下发生的故障,对发生故障机理、失效模式进行分析,通过对故障机理、故障模式的分析,总结分析高原寒区极限使用情况下易引起故障的原因;并分析典型高原寒区环境因素对航空装备各分系统、设备影响程度,提出高原寒区适应性改进建议和措施,为装备的保障资源配置提供指导性意见,有效地提高装备在特殊使用环境下使用效能。     

接触器高原环境适应性试验研究

为了增强接触器在高原环境条件下的适应性能,提高接触器在高原特殊环境条件下的可靠性水平,特此提出对接触器应通过的环境适应性试验提出了考核评价。     

大型电子系统显示控制台环境适应性设计

开展环境适应性设计是保证装备满足环境适应性要求的重要途径.本文对环境适应性设计流程、方法进行了总结,并介绍了大型电子系统显示控制台环境适应性设计技术.     

青藏、滇藏铁路建设科研必须先行

本文分析了高原环境对工程机械装备的影响及青藏铁路一期建设的经验教训。针对当前高原特殊环境适应性技术发展现状,指出在青藏铁路二期工程和滇藏铁路建设之前,科研工作必须先行。     

电工设备高原环境适应性与标准体系建设研究

介绍了电工设备高原环境适应性研究与标准制定的进展,提出高原环境条件下的模拟试验仍然是检测高原电工产品性能的有效手段.建立地方标准和企业标准体系,是发展高原特色电工产品的重要内容.     

工程机械高原环境适应性研究

本文选用工程机械中有代表性的四种机型,通过原机高原试验,进行高原环境适应性研究与分析,并提出改造措施。     

新闻资讯

11月3日,工业与产品环境适应性圜家重点实验室自主建设的拉萨高原自然环境试验站顺利通过建设验收,并完成了200余件试验样品的投试。 拉萨试验站位于东经91°20’,北纬29°40’,海拔3688米,属于典型的岛原气候类型,场地试验面积约1000平方米。拉萨试验站严格按国家标准要求建设,安装了与美国Atlas试验站同型号的分光谱太阳辐射仪等气象设备,能够全面采集站点的太阳辐射、环境温湿度、降雨等气象数据,可面向汽车、光伏、涂料、建材、材料等众多行业开展材料（产品）的常规自然暴露试验,能够对材料（产品）的高原环境适应性进行科学评价。     

高原环境对装甲车辆动力系统性能影响机理研究

本文以理论分析为基础,结合典型装甲车辆高原使用环境试验数据,从动力及经济性、冷却效能和起动性能三方面,探索了高原环境对装甲车辆动力系统性能的影响机理,对开展装甲车辆高原环境适应性试验和分析解决动力系统暴露的问题具有指导作用。     

Climate extremes and adaptive management on the Colorado River: lessons from the 1997-1998 ENSO event.

The Colorado River system exhibits the characteristics of a heavily over-allocated or 'closing water system'. In such systems, development of mechanisms to allow resource users to acknowledge interdependence and to engage in negotiations and agreements becomes necessary. Recently, after a decade of deliberations and environmental assessments, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) was established to monitor and analyze the effects of dam operations on the Grand Canyon ecosystem and recommend adjustments intended to preserve and enhance downstream physical, cultural and environmental values. The Glen Canyon Dam effectively separates the Colorado into its lower and upper basins. Dam operations and adaptive management decisions are strongly influenced by variations in regional climate. This paper focuses on the management of extreme climatic events within the Glen and Grand Canyon Region of the Colorado River. It illustrates how past events (both societal and physical) condition management flexibility and receptivity to new information. The types of climatic information and their appropriate entry points in the annual cycle of information gathering and decision-making (the 'hydro-climatic decision calendar') for dam operations and the adaptive management program are identified. The study then describes how the recently implemented program, lessons from past events, and new climate information on the Colorado River Basin, facilitated responses during the major El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event of 1997-1998. Recommendations are made for engaging researchers and practitioners in the effective use of climatic information in similar settings where the decision stakes are complex and the system uncertainty is large.     

The role of climatic variations on migration and human health in Africa

In Africa, climatic variations, as typified by widespread rainfall fluctuations, are a prominent feature of the climate of the continent. The effects of these climatic variations are multifarious and affect the environmental, economic and social well-being of the societies concerned. This is particularly so since the majority of the people depend on rain supported agricultural production for their sustenance and livelihood. Any short-fall in the amount, frequency and manner of occurrence of the rains received, tends to reflect on the people's spatial behaviour, particularly as migration in trying to make up for the impact of the deficit. This paper describes the nature of climatic variations over the continent and highlights the extent to which climatic variations play a significant role in population movement and the health of peoples as documented in studies carried out in different parts of the region. An awareness of the implications of climatic variations as reviewed in this work suggests the need for better monitoring systems to measure the impacts of climatic variations. This will provide governments and all stakeholders with a proper perspective of the vagaries of climate and enhance the development of suitable policies to mitigate and alleviate the impact on the general populace of the affected areas. This is especially important in the face of changing world climate and its antecedant effects which are especially felt in developing societies.     

国内外隐身涂层环境适应性研究发展现状

隐身涂层在现代化武器装备中的应用越来越广泛,其环境适应性研究也越来越重要。文章探讨了隐身涂层的失效行为及机理,并据此总结了国内外常用的环境适应性试验方法和评价方法。     

现代战争中环境监测问题的探讨

通过分析在高技术武器装备下的现代战争中环境监测工作的特点,提出要提高仪器设备的科技含量、监测应急机动能力和区域性监测能力,建立高技术环境决策支持系统,积极动员地方监测力量和增强现有技术人员素质,才能够适应战场环境,开展系统完整的环境检测工作,充分发挥环境监测作用,为战争结束后环境和生态恢复提供帮助。     

Herders’ Perceptions of and Responses to Climate Change in Northern Pakistan

Migratory pastoralism is an adaptation to a harsh and unstable environment, and pastoral herders have traditionally adapted to environmental and climatic change by building on their in-depth knowledge of this environment. In the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, and particularly in the arid and semiarid areas of northern Pakistan, pastoralism, the main livelihood, is vulnerable to climate change. Little detailed information is available about climate trends and impacts in remote mountain regions; herders’ perceptions of climate change can provide the information needed by policy makers to address problems and make decisions on adaptive strategies in high pastoral areas. A survey was conducted in Gilgit–Baltistan province of Pakistan to assess herders’ perceptions of, and adaptation strategies to climate change. Herders’ perceptions were gathered in individual interviews and focus group discussions. The herders perceived a change in climate over the past 10–15 years with longer and more intense droughts in summer, more frequent and heavier snowfall in winter, and prolonged summers and relatively shorter winters. These perceptions were validated by published scientific evidence. The herders considered that the change in climate had directly impacted pastures and then livestock by changing vegetation composition and reducing forage yield. They had adopted some adaptive strategies in response to the change such as altering the migration pattern and diversifying livelihoods. The findings show that the herder communities have practical lessons and indigenous knowledge related to rangeland management and adaptation to climate change that should be shared with the scientific community and integrated into development planning.     

大连周家沟黄土元素地球化学特征与环境

分析了辽南大连周家沟黄土剖面的常量元素、CaC03、pH值、有机质,并与相关反应的环境变化指标进行了对比.结果表明,周家沟黄土与黄土高原化学成分及含量相差不大,元素差异反映沉积期后气候环境因素不同;元素迁移和积聚在马兰黄土和离石黄土中表现不同,说明在中更新世晚期和晚更新世气候发生由温湿变为冷干的明显变化;氧化物比值综合参数表明,周家沟在晚更新世气候总的变暖趋势下经历了三次气候旋回波动.     

气候遥感解译法在区域气候研究中的应用

运用遥感手段进行气候资源普查和生态气候类型的划分,是现代应用气候的一种新的研究方法,也是遥感技术应用的一个新领域。研究实践证明,遥感技术对于下垫面气候研究具有独特的功能,特别是对地方气候分析提供了新的内容和手段。本文以内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗和突泉县为列,对气候遥感解译法进行初步分析和概述,以促进该研究法在区域气候研究中更广泛地推广和应用。     

5A06铝合金表面处理工艺缺陷引起的装备环境适应性问题

本文概述了一种装备表面常用的5A06防锈型铝合金防护处理工艺,在南海海洋环境条件下,由于处理工艺缺陷引起的环境适应性问题开展的研究与讨论,并提出了相应的建议与改进方法。     

Differences among model simulations of climate change on the scale of resource regions

The climate simulations from atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) are often used to analyze the potential effects of climate change on environmental resources. It has been demonstrated that there are differences among the simulations from various GCMs, on spatial scales ranging from global to regional. This paper quantifies the differences in temperature and precipitation simulated by three major GCMs for four specific regions: an agricultural region (the North American winter wheat belt), a hydrologic region (the Great Basin), a demographic region (the high-density population corridor of the northeast United States), and a political region (the state of Texas). Both the current (control) climate and the climatic response to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) are consideredIn each region, even when the data are averaged on a seasonal basis, marked differences occurred in the areal average climate simulated by the different GCMs for both the control climate and the doubled-CO₂ climate. Thus, climate impact studies based on the simulations of more than one GCM could easily yield a range of possible results     

国内外枪械自然环境试验概况

简要介绍国内外的枪械环境试验管理及枪械的自然环境试验情况,建议将环境工程的概念纳入到枪械设计制造中,努力提高枪械环境适应性,打造我国的世界名枪。