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湿法烟气脱硫技术的比较与选择 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文综合评述几种典型的烟气脱硫技术,比较各种烟气脱硫技术的特点和应用经济性,并分析了钙法脱硫技术和镁法脱硫技术实际应用的情况。结果表明在当前众多的烟气脱硫技术中,镁法烟气脱硫技术经济、脱硫效率高、污染少、无二次污染,必将成为今后烟气脱硫技术发展的主要趋势。 相似文献
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燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术综合评价研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用模糊数学原理和层次分析法,从经济、技术和环境三方面综合评价烟气脱硫技术,使烟气脱硫技术的选择更科学。以五种典型烟气脱硫技术为评价对象,应用该综合评价方法得出石灰石-石膏法较优的结论。 相似文献
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钢铁行业烧结烟气脱硫技术的发展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
烧结烟气脱硫是钢铁行业减排的重点,减排形势日趋严峻。本文比较了各种烧结烟气脱硫方法的优劣势、适用范围,分析了目前烧结烟气脱硫技术的发展动态,指出了未来烧结烟气脱硫技术的发展方向。 相似文献
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简要介绍了广东省7个火电厂现有的5种烟气脱硫技术装置:海水脱硫、荷电干式烟气脱硫、湿式石灰石/石膏法烟气脱硫、DCL燃煤固硫剂脱硫及烟气循环流化床脱硫技术,对它们的经济、技术性进行了分析比较。 相似文献
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生化法烟气脱硫技术综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了SO2的来源及危害,综述了近年来烟气生化法脱硫的主要技术:烟道气脱硫的直接生物方法、间接生化方法、两步微生物脱硫法及生物化学法脱硫工艺,并介绍了其原理及应用现状,指出了主要优势技术各自存在的问题。对我国烟气生物脱硫技术的未来发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: This paper uses the grey fuzzy multiobjective programming to aid in decision making for the allocation of waste load in a river system under versatile uncertainties and risks. It differs from previous studies by considering a multicriteria objective function with combined grey and fuzzy messages under a cost benefit analysis framework. Such analysis technically integrates the prior information of water quality models, water quality standards, wastewater treatment costs, and potential benefits gained via in‐stream water quality improvement. While fuzzy sets are characterized based on semantic and cognitive vagueness in decision making, grey numbers can delineate measurement errors in data collection. By employing three distinct set theoretic fuzzy operators, the synergy of grey and fuzzy implications may smoothly characterize the prescribed management complexity. With the aid of genetic algorithm in the solution procedure, the modeling outputs contribute to the development of an effective waste load allocation and reduction scheme for tributaries in this subwatershed located in the lower Tseng‐Wen River Basin, South Taiwan. Research findings indicate that the inclusion of three fuzzy set theoretic operators in decision analysis may delineate different tradeoffs in decision making due to varying changes, transformations, and movements of waste load in association with land use pattern within the watershed. 相似文献
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A fuzzy analytic network process for multi-criteria evaluation of contaminated site remedial countermeasures 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Promentilla MA Furuichi T Ishii K Tanikawa N 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(3):479-495
The Analytic Network Process (ANP) has been proposed to incorporate interdependence and feedback effect in the prioritization of remedial countermeasures using a hierarchical network decision model, but this approach seems to be incapable of capturing the vagueness and fuzziness during value judgment elicitation. The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation method using a fuzzy ANP (FANP) approach to address this shortcoming. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) and their degree of fuzziness are used in the semantic scale as human judgment expressed in natural language is most often vague and fuzzy. The method employs the alpha-cuts, interval arithmetic and optimism index to transform the fuzzy comparative judgment matrix into set of crisp matrices, and then calculates the desired priorities using the eigenvector method. A numerical example, which was drawn from a real-life case study of an uncontrolled landfill in Japan, is presented to demonstrate the process. Results from the sensitivity analysis describe how the fuzziness in judgment could affect the solution robustness of the prioritization method. The proposed FANP approach therefore could effectively deal with the uncertain judgment inherent in the decision making process and derive the meaningful priorities explicitly from a complex decision structure in the evaluation of contaminated site remedial countermeasures. 相似文献
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Uncertainty plays an important role in water quality management problems. The major sources of uncertainty in a water quality management problem are the random nature of hydrologic variables and imprecision (fuzziness) associated with goals of the dischargers and pollution control agencies (PCA). Many Waste Load Allocation (WLA) problems are solved by considering these two sources of uncertainty. Apart from randomness and fuzziness, missing data in the time series of a hydrologic variable may result in additional uncertainty due to partial ignorance. These uncertainties render the input parameters as imprecise parameters in water quality decision making. In this paper an Imprecise Fuzzy Waste Load Allocation Model (IFWLAM) is developed for water quality management of a river system subject to uncertainty arising from partial ignorance. In a WLA problem, both randomness and imprecision can be addressed simultaneously by fuzzy risk of low water quality. A methodology is developed for the computation of imprecise fuzzy risk of low water quality, when the parameters are characterized by uncertainty due to partial ignorance. A Monte-Carlo simulation is performed to evaluate the imprecise fuzzy risk of low water quality by considering the input variables as imprecise. Fuzzy multiobjective optimization is used to formulate the multiobjective model. The model developed is based on a fuzzy multiobjective optimization problem with max–min as the operator. This usually does not result in a unique solution but gives multiple solutions. Two optimization models are developed to capture all the decision alternatives or multiple solutions. The objective of the two optimization models is to obtain a range of fractional removal levels for the dischargers, such that the resultant fuzzy risk will be within acceptable limits. Specification of a range for fractional removal levels enhances flexibility in decision making. The methodology is demonstrated with a case study of the Tunga–Bhadra river system in India. 相似文献
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Hsiang-te Kung Long-gen Ying You-Ci Liu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(3):525-533
ABSTRACT: A general methodology for fuzzy clustering analysis is developed and illustrated with a case study of water quality evaluation for Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China. Fuzzy clustering analysis may be used whenever a composite classification of water quality incorporates multiple parameters. In such cases, the technique may be used as a complement or an alternative to comprehensive assessment. In fuzzy clustering analysis, the classification is determined by a fuzzy relation. After a fuzzy similarity matrix has been established and the fuzzy relation stabilized, a dynamic clustering chart can be developed. Given a suitable threshold, the appropriate classification is worked out. The methodology is relatively simple, and the results can be interpreted to provide valuable information to support decision making and to aid water quality management. 相似文献
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Gerald J. Bakus William G. Stillwell Susan M. Latter Margaret C. Wallerstein 《Environmental management》1982,6(6):493-504
The two major processes of decision making, behavioral interactions and decision analysis, are discussed. Comparisons are made between the Delphi and NGT methods of behavioral interaction. Three different types of decision analysis are compared, including the Goals Achievement Matrix, Concordance Analysis, and the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique. Decision making problems characteristic of environmental studies are reviewed. A method of decision making that combines the best qualities of other methods is suggested. The overall purpose of this paper is to make the technical knowledge of decision making useful to environmentalists, businessmen, citizens, and politicians, and to improve the process of policy making in environmental studies. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Reservoir flood control is operated in real time so finding the optimal solution is unnecessary since it may not be practical. The key to reservoir flood control operation is quickly generating some feasible and effective alternatives and then selecting one among them. A fuzzy iteration methodology, which gives the objective weight and the relative membership degree of alternatives at the same time, is presented. Since the weight and relative membership degree are directly acquired from the recommended alternatives provided by decision makers, the results are more reasonable and realistic. Besides, the difficulty in giving weights is also avoided. With the aid of a robust and flexible decision support system, the effectiveness of decision making can be improved. 相似文献
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一种选择城市垃圾处理方式的新方法--模糊数学决策法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对模糊数学决策法的基本原理、方法和步骤作了简要介绍,并将其应用到成都市区生活垃圾处理方式的选择中,其决策结果与成都市区目前采用的生活垃圾处理方式相符,表明了该方法的实用性。本研究为合理选择城市垃圾处理方式提供了一种量化方法。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Flood control operations are generally complex in nature, as they are often associated with a large quantity of uncertain factors in combination of noncommensurable criteria. It has been found that the use of fuzzy set theory coupled with multicriterion decision making (MCDM) methods is very promising. In this paper, a multicriterion fuzzy recognition model is established for flood control operations. A subjective preference and iterative weights method is proposed for weight assessment. First, an initial solution of criteria weights, which is directly analyzed from the selected alternatives, is obtained by using the proposed fuzzy recognition model. Then, according to their knowledge related to real time flood operations, operators may modify the initial weights if necessary. When the relative membership grades of alternatives belonging to all rankings are fixed, a defuzzification equation is used to calculate the rank feature value vector. Based on the rank feature value vector, one can evaluate the alternative set. Two flood operation cases are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model. With the incorporation of the operator's knowledge related to flood operations, the proposed model is flexible in giving weights and realizes more practical flood control operations. 相似文献
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Mohammad Sadegh Taskhiri Anthony S.F. Chiu 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(7):730-737
The establishment of an eco-industrial park (EIP) provides opportunity for individual plants to cooperate with each other in order to utilize resources efficiently and thus reduce waste. The goal of an EIP is to “close the loop” through recycling and reuse of material and energy streams. Studies show with current freshwater consumption trends there would be water stress aggravated by global warming in the near future. This paper presents a model to design an EIP water reuse network that considers overall system sustainability as measured with emergy, as well as cost saving desired by individual plants. Case studies from literature are then solved to illustrate the advantage of this method in decision making. The illustrative examples show how the model achieves a compromise among the potentially conflicting fuzzy goals of the various EIP stakeholders. 相似文献
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Fuzzy decision analysis for integrated environmental vulnerability assessment of the mid-Atlantic Region 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Tran LT Knight CG O'Neill RV Smith ER Riitters KH Wickham J 《Environmental management》2002,29(6):845-859
A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking
method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions
and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region. Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution,
and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable
to future deterioration. The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and
the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental
policies. 相似文献