石油污染的修复与处理技术

随着工业化进程的不断发展，石油及其制品的污染问题也日趋严重。由于各种原因导致的石油及其制品的泄漏，对土壤和水体造成严重危害，并最终威胁到人类的健康。本文主要介绍了受石油污染环境的几种修复技术及处理方法，比较与分析了各种方法的优点及存在的问题，同时指出了石油污染治理方面的最新研究进展以及发展方向。     

室内空气污染净化研究进展

介绍了室内空气污染的现状、特点及其危害，指出了室内空气污染的主要污染源和污染物。综述了各种室内空气污染净化技术，并介绍了各种技术的优缺点。本文最后对室内空气污染净化的发展前景进行了展望。     

浅谈山东省二氧化硫污染防治对策

山东省在SO2污染防治方面通过采取征收排污费、烟气脱硫、限期达标、集中供热等一系列措施，收到了一定的效果，但仍然许多问题。针对存在的问题本文提出了由抓末端治理转向抓源头治理，使用清洁燃料，利用山东省煤炭地下气化的生产优势，推广燃料煤气化的最佳污染防治技术等建议，同时强调各种政策和行政管理手段也要跟上。     

饮用水中砷去除技术综述

自从1996年孟加拉国和印度报道慢性砷中毒事件以来，饮用水砷污染和砷中毒问题就受到全世界的关注。如何解决这一难题，研究人员进行了大量研究。本文综述了饮用水中砷的去除方法，包括混凝／沉淀、吸附、离子交换技术等，对各种除砷技术进行了总结和比较。     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)对人类健康的危害及其治理技术进展

大部分持久有机污染物persistent organic pollutants(POPs)具有致癌性、致突变和致畸变作用，对人类健康造成严重危害。本文阐述了POPs的各种性质、对人类健康的危害、主要的污染来源、国内外面临的污染现状及其处理和销毁技术进展，着重阐述了对被POPs污染的土壤进行物理、化学和生物修复的技术，以及关于废气、污染土壤和水中二恶英类物质的治理技术。     

青海省农村环境保护问题与对策

随着农村经济快速发展，农村环境污染问题日益突出，点源污染与面源污染共存，生活污染和工业污染叠加，各种新旧污染相互交织，成为影响农村经济社会和生态环境可持续发展的重要制约因素，引起社会广泛关注。文章在分析我青海省农村环境主要存在问题的基础上，就加强农村环境保护工作提出了对策建议。     

重金属污染土壤修复技术综述

土壤重金属污染是当前重要的世界性环境问题之一。随着重金属污染土壤场地日渐增多，如何安全有效地修复并利用这些受污染的土壤已成为我国急需解决的环境和社会问题。本文介绍了重金属污染土壤常用修复技术的原理、优缺点，并重点介绍了土壤淋洗修复技术，对目前淋洗剂的应用情况、作用机制进行了评价。     

土壤含水层NAPLs污染修复技术的研究进展＊

文章介绍了非水相流体(NAPLs)的性质,综述了地下土壤含水层NAPLs污染治理的六种主要技术,分析了各种技术的原理、特点、治理效果及其研究进展,提出了修复技术存在的问题及今后要做的工作。     

"干式生态养猪"技术探讨

文章分析了目前国内养猪业污染状况、造成污染的主要原因及污染形式，提出了综合治理养猪业污染的对策措施，并详细介绍了“干式生态养猪”技术的原理、特点、有关技术标准及应用中应注意的问题和建议。     

污染场地修复技术的种类

本文旨在归纳总结目前国内外对污染场地的修复的各种技术。认为场地修复通常包括污染土修复和含水层净化等2个方面。污染土常见的处理技术目前大致可归纳为6类，即微生物修复技术、化学处理技术、物理分离技术、固化／安定化技术、高温处理技术、植物修复技术等。而污染地下水的修复方法主要有5项：注气法、原位微生物修复技术、两相蒸气提取法、原位氧化法、原位反应墙技术等。     

我国农业面源污染治理技术研究进展

农业面源污染逐渐成为制约我国现代农业和经济社会可持续发展的重大障碍,其治理工作在我国生态环境保护与治理工作中的重要性日益加强。本文概述了农业面源污染的基本概念、特征与成因,根据农业面源污染的"产-流-汇"3个发生发展阶段,总结了现阶段农业面源氮磷污染的治理理论与技术,并根据各阶段治理技术的优缺点提出我国未来农业面源污染治理过程中应该加强污染产生机制和迁移转化过程的研究,同时,通过少量的人工干预,努力提高单项治理技术的治理效率,将农业面源污染发生与发展的"产-流-汇"3个阶段的治理技术结合起来,突出流域治理思路。     

Assessment of emerging and innovative techniques considering best available technique performances

For the past 20 years, the European context has been policy-driven by several directives to reduce pollution, one of the most important for industries being the industrial emissions directive (IED). The IED's objective is to minimise pollution from various industrial sources throughout the European Union. One means of attaining the objective is to implement techniques which have at least the same performance as reference techniques called best available techniques (BAT) given at European level. The study of existing methodologies on performance assessment of proven or emerging techniques has made it apparent that there are none taking into account the 12 criteria proposed by the Annex III of the IED to evaluate technique performances. Even if innovative techniques are not considered by the IED, support to (public or private) researchers in their development in terms of assessment methodology must be proposed. This is what we present in this article.The methodology based on a tree-structured information system (objectives, criteria, indicators) and a qualitative assessment of indicators (environmental, technical, economic and social) is an initial approach to an innovative technique assessment method considering BAT on laboratory or industrial scales. In an aim to adapt the criteria and indicators to a specific process, assessment methodologies must be adaptable. Our method allows for choosing indicators to comply perfectly with the process studied. Only the first level of the tree is fixed. The other branches could be adapted to the case studied. Performance assessment is based on a five-level scale coupled with a simple multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method. Three different applications (sludge valorisation, urban wastewater treatment, soil remediation) were carried out to validate the methodology, two of them are presented. Applications of this methodology show its usefulness in the validation of techniques for specific process and local application of the BAT concept and the performance assessment regarding BAT definition. It can then be used to detect innovative and emerging techniques to be proposed for the reviewing of the European BREF documents.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation-flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. About 185 published studies (1988-2010) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.     

能源利用中烃类气体检测技术研究进展

烃类气体作为地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标,以及钻井液检测中指导钻井作业的重要因素,在挥发性烃类污染控制中也发挥着重要作用。通过对各类烃类气体检测技术现状和应用情况进行分析与整理,为该类技术针对不同目标的选择与组合提供了依据。     

城市河流治理技术研究进展

城市河流水体具有生态系统复杂、污染类型齐全、污染源数量多、危害极为严重的特点。本文结合国内外最新研究成果和积累的宝贵经验，介绍了河道曝气技术、生态混凝土技术、阿科蔓复合生态技术、接触氧化技术、生态疏浚、化学强化一级处理、光催化技术等比较先进技术的研究进展，并对今后保护城市河流提出了建议。     

胜利油田采油废水污染现状及达标处理技术探讨

介绍了油田采油外排污水的污染现状,并对油田主要的采油污水处理技术及其在生产中的应用情况进行了调查、分析与评价。调研结果表明:油田采油污水的外排量较大,处理达标率很低,环境污染严重;目前采用的大部分采油外排污水处理技术已不能适应油田生产的需求,必须研究开发新的采油外排污水处理技术。利用氧化塘技术处理桩西联采油废水和利用生物接触氧化法处理孤岛采油废水的工程实验获得成功,废水最终达标排放。     

The Environmental Pollution Perception of Residents in Coal Mining Areas: A Case Study in the Hancheng Mine Area, Shaanxi Province, China

The environmental behavior of the residents depends on their perception of environmental pollution. Hence, it is important for scientific and policy experts to research on the impact of the environmental pollution perception of local residents. Owing to the richness of natural resources, Hancheng coal mine areas are abound in heavy industries, and environmental pollution is serious and typical in this area, thus, the residents are anxious about their health. Using questionnaires, this paper surveys the perception of residents living in the coal mine area. The influential factors of environmental perception were analyzed by the Rank Sum Test. The results were: (1) the majority of the residents in the coal mine area are not satisfied with their living environment. The perception order of pollution severity is: air pollution?>?noise pollution?>?sanitation?>?water pollution. The residents think that pollution is mainly caused by coal processing. Hence, coal mining is not the main reason of the pollution in the coal mine area. (2) Age and length of residence have significant positive effects on perceptions of air, water, and noise pollutions; whereas education has a significant negative effect on perceptions of water and noise pollutions, as well as sanitation. This phenomenon can be explained by the various cultural groups having varied perceptions on the environmental pollution. In addition, proximity to mine has significant negative effect on perceptions of water and noise pollution. In conclusion, the paper discusses the effects of demographical and social factors on the perception of environmental pollution and gives suggestions on the planning and management of the environment.     

Pollution prevention through process integration

 Process integration is a holistic approach to process design and operation. It emphasizes the unity of the process units and objectives. Therefore, it provides a unique framework for integrating environmental issues with other process objectives such as profitability, yield enhancement, debottlenecking and energy reduction. This paper presents a review of recent advances in the area of pollution prevention through process integration. First, the alternative methods for industrial waste reduction are discussed. Then, process integration is defined and categorized into three main components: synthesis, analysis and optimization. Next, mass integration science and methods are reviewed with special emphasis on their critical role in pollution prevention. Throughout the paper, various tools and techniques are described and illustrated. Received: 7 July 1998 / Accepted: 8 September 1998     

海上石油设施溢油风险管理与防控研究

对海上溢油风险进行了分析,介绍了海上石油设施溢油风险管理方法与溢油防控技术。提出综合考虑设施本身情况、海域特点、天气海况以及人员素质等多方面因素及其各因素之间的相互关系,建立溢油风险源数据库和风险评价体系,加强溢油风险分析和管理,是预防海上石油设施溢油事故的有效措施;提高溢油监控技术、溢油预测预警技术和溢油清除技术是降低溢油污染损害的关键。     

水污染侵权中因果关系的认定

水污染侵权中的因果关系成立与否决定着民事责任的有无,对受害人的利益影响甚巨,关于因果关系的理论纷繁复杂,水污染侵权中的因果关系认定难度更大,试图在分析各种学说的基础上找到认定水污染侵权中因果关系的可行方法。