聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

为了研究絮凝效果与絮凝剂分子结构的关系,实验中制备了聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）、阳离子化聚丙烯酰胺（ＣＰＡＭ）和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＨＰ）,将其分别与ＦｅＣｌ３复配后处理钻井废水。实验探讨了絮凝剂的分子量、ＰＨＰ的水解度及阳离子度对絮凝作用的影响。实验结果表明：ＰＡＭ、ＣＰＡＭ、ＰＨＰ与无机混凝剂复配使用处理钻井废水时,最佳分子量是５００万,处理效果依次为ＰＨＰ＞ＰＡＭ＞ＣＰＡＭ。     

几种有色废水混凝脱色实验研究——PAC与PAA复配法处理印染废水研究

本文以棉纺织印染废水为主要研究对象,采用无机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＣ与有机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＡ复配使用,对印染废水、二硝基重氮酚（Ｄ．Ｄ．Ｎ．Ｐ）起爆药废水、造纸中段水及呋吗醋酮制药废水等进行脱色实验。试验结果表明：ＰＡＣ与ＰＡＡ的复配使用对印染废水具有优良的脱色性能,色度去除率达８０％以上,ＣＯＤ可降低２０～３０％。所用絮凝剂对这几种有色废水具有一定的广谱脱色性能,有较好的工业应用潜力。     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵－丙烯酰胺的合成及其在含油污水处理中的应用

以二甲胺、氯丙烯等为原料合成二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（ＤＭＤＡＡＣ），再与丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）共聚生成共聚物。利用胶体滴定法测定共聚物的阳离子度、一点法测定特性粘数，并利用充气浮选法对阳离子共聚物进行浮选效果评价。结果表明，当产品的阳离子度在３０％～４０％的范围内除油效果最好，其效果明显优于阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（ＣＰＡＭ），与复配的聚合铝加聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＣ＋ＰＡＭ）相当。     

吸附法处理含铬废水的研究

天然沸石、膨润土基材经镁铝等修饰并活化而制的ＦＭＡ，ＢＭＡ吸附剂处理含铬废水，铬的去除率可达９９％。     

德国PASSAVANT公司完善生物法去除水中的氮和磷

德国ＰＡＳＳＡＶＡＮＴ公司完善生物法去除水中的氮和磷ＥｌｉｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｉｎＷａｔｅｒｗｉｔｈＩｍｐｒｏｖｅｄＭｉｃｒｏｂｅＭｅｔｈｏｄｉｎＧｅｒｍａｎＰＡＳＳＡＶＡＮＴＣｏｍｐａｎｙ为了去除水体中高...     

制浆漂白废水的混凝处理

对制浆漂白废水采用混凝处理方法，实验结果表明，用聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）和聚丙烯酰胺为混凝剂，其投加量分别为２００ｍｇ／ｌ和２ｍｇ／ｌ，经一步混凝处理，出水完全达到国家排放标准，且可进一步回用生产。     

某金铜矿山含铜酸性废水处理研究

采用石灰调pH—铁屑置换—石灰沉淀处理工艺对废水进行试验，结果表明，采用该工艺处理含铜酸性矿山废水，不仅能使处理后的水满足排放标准，同时还能回收废水中的铜。     

用石灰处理含镍废水效果的研究

我们一个化工厂利用镍废渣与硫酸反应生产硫酸镍,用石灰处理含镍废水,使之达标排放,在回收废渣资源,减少环境污染方面,取得了良好效果,实现了经济效益与环境效益共同提高。该厂购置大厂不用的生产设备,工艺比较落后,运料和各个生产环节主要靠手     

尾矿库酸性矿山重金属废水处理工程案例分析

某矿区尾矿库采用"二段式石灰—铁盐+混凝沉淀"工艺处理尾矿库渗出的酸性重金属废水,经工程运行结果证明,该工艺可有效去除废水中的铜、砷、镍等重金属离子,处理后出水指标达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB 44/26—2001)第二时段一级标准要求。     

Cl~-含量对含油污泥絮凝效果的影响

针对化学混凝处理含油污泥中混凝剂投加量大而混凝效率较低的问题,通过实验研究了Ｃｌ－对混凝剂处理含油污泥絮凝效率的影响。实验中采用抽滤的方法来测定絮凝效率。实验结果表明Ｃｌ－是影响絮凝效率的重要因素,Ｃｌ－＜１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３、ＰＡＣ混凝效果较好,Ｃｌ－＞２００００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＰＡＭ的混凝效果较好。     

一种高效复合絮凝剂对多种废水的处理效果

用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）复配成复合絮凝剂（PAC＋PAM）应用于污染河水、生活污水、工业废水和餐饮废水等6种废水的处理，结果表明。PAC、PAM、PAC＋PAM对污染河水的CODc。SS、浊度有显著降低作用，PAC＋PAM的净水效果明显优于PAC和PAM；PAC＋PAM对6种废水中COD的去除率为81．5％～90．4％，平均84．6％。对SS的去除率为81．9％～96．5％，平均88．9％，对浊度的去除率为91．3％-98．0％，平均95．1％；处理后悬浮物基本被絮凝沉降，水体变得较清澈透明，异味或臭味消除。说明本PAC＋PAM复合絮凝剂对各种废水均有良好的净水效果，具有重要的应用价值。     

Controlling tailwater sediment and phosphorus concentrations with polyacrylamide in the Imperial Valley, California

External loading of phosphorus (P) from agricultural surface discharge (tailwater) is the main cause of excessive algae growth and the eutrophication of the Salton Sea, California. Continuous polyacrylamide (PAM) applications to agricultural irrigation water inflows were evaluated as a means of reducing sediment and P in tailwater. Zero (control) and 1 mg L(-1) PAM (PAM1) treatments were compared at 17 Imperial Valley field sites. Five and 10 mg L(-1) PAM treatments (PAM5, PAM10) were conducted at one site. The particulate phosphorus (Pp) fraction was determined as the difference between total phosphorus (Pt) and the soluble phosphorus (Ps) fraction. We observed 73, 82, and 98% turbidity reduction with PAM1, PAM5, and PAM10 treatments. Although eight field sites had control tailwater sediment concentrations above the New River total maximum daily loads (TMDL), all but one were made compliant during their paired PAM1 treatments. While PAM1 and PAM10 reduced tail water Pp by 31 and 78%, none of the treatments tested reduced Ps. This may have been caused by high irrigation water Na concentrations which would reduce Ca adsorption and Ca-phosphate bridging on the PAM. The PAM1 treatments resulted in <0.5 mg L(-1) drain water polyacrylamide concentrations 1.6 km downstream of PAM addition, while PAM5 and PAM10 treatments produced > 2 mg L(-1) drain water polyacrylamide concentrations. We concluded that, although PAM practically eliminates Imperial Valley tailwater sediment loads, it does not effectively reduce tailwater Ps, the P fraction most responsible for the eutrophication of the Salton Sea.     

Polyacrylamide distribution in columns of organic matter-removed soils following surface application

Knowledge of how polyacrylamide (PAM) penetrates and distributes in a soil profile after application in irrigation water is important for understanding PAM conditioning depth and evaluating its environmental effects. Little is known, however, about PAM distribution in soil because of the difficulty in quantifying PAM content in natural soils. By using a recently modified substrate-borne PAM quantification method, PAM distribution in columns of organic matter-removed soils was determined. Results showed that penetration of PAM into the soil was affected by salt level of irrigation water, soil texture, initial soil water content, water application method, and other factors. Polyacrylamide penetration depth was about one-eighth to one-half of the water penetration depth, with a particularly high PAM retention in the top few centimeters of the soil. Under different experimental conditions, the PAM retained in the top 0 to 2 cm of soil ranged from 16 to 95% of the total applied amount. More favorable solution-soil contact conditions, longer solution-soil contact time, and lower initial soil moisture caused much more PAM retention in the top few centimeters of the soil. High sorptive affinity of PAM on soil is the main reason for its low penetration into the soil. Although these results were not obtained from natural soils, they are still helpful in improving our understanding of PAM transport behavior in soils.     

四川某煤矿矿井废水处理优化设计应用与调试

本文以四川某煤矿矿井废水处理工程为例,介绍了该工程比较优化的方案应用,即依据该工程所处的地势,将废水处理站建在坡度比较大的地方,采用多座斜管沉淀池并联运行,提高了沉淀效率。矿井水全部自流进入各构筑物,大幅减少了投资及设备维护费用。在工艺调试阶段,先在实验室进行一系列矿井废水混凝试验。结果表明,采用PAC和PAM配合投加絮凝效果最好,最佳投药量PAC为25mg／L,PAM为4m/L。该工程构筑物简单,处理效果好,出水达到GB20426—2006排放标准。     

胜利油田采油废水污染现状及达标处理技术探讨

介绍了油田采油外排污水的污染现状,并对油田主要的采油污水处理技术及其在生产中的应用情况进行了调查、分析与评价。调研结果表明:油田采油污水的外排量较大,处理达标率很低,环境污染严重;目前采用的大部分采油外排污水处理技术已不能适应油田生产的需求,必须研究开发新的采油外排污水处理技术。利用氧化塘技术处理桩西联采油废水和利用生物接触氧化法处理孤岛采油废水的工程实验获得成功,废水最终达标排放。     

CM-3絮凝剂的室内研制及在含油污水处理中的应用

介绍复合高分子絮凝剂CM─3的研制。CM─3是以无机高分子聚合铝（PAC）、有机高分子改性聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）为主，添加少量的硫酸根离子及破乳剂复配而成的。经室内实验研究确定了适合的PAM分子量、改性PAM的胺甲基化度、PAM与PAC的比例以及其他组分的添加量，并与PAC比较进行了室内及现场应用试验，结果表明CM─3投药量为20～30mg／L时，炼油厂含油污水处理后的水质符合GB8978─88的标准。     

钻井固废渗滤液的处理研究

针对油气田钻井产生大量固体废物渗滤液的问题,利用化学混凝沉降+氧化还原法对固废渗滤液的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:经过调整渗滤液pH值,加入聚合氯化铝铁及助凝剂PAM,进行絮凝沉降,再用芬顿试剂和氯酸钠氧化,可以处理高浓度废水,特别是对CODCr、色度等指标获得有效去除,达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级指标。     

玻璃生产企业废水综合利用的可行性探讨

本文分析了玻璃生产企业废水的来源,并从耀华玻璃集团实施的废水治理项目的实际出发,阐述了废水经过治理后综合利用的途径,实现废水的零排放,减少环境污染,节约水资源。     

Anionic polyacrylamide effects on soil sorption and desorption of metolachlor,atrazine, 2,4-D,and picloram

Polyacrylamide (PAM) treatment of irrigation water is a growing conservation technology in irrigated agriculture in recent years. There is a concern regarding the environmental impact of PAM after its application. The effects of anionic PAM on the sorption characteristics of four widely used herbicides (metolachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D, and picloram) on two natural soils were assessed in batch equilibrium experiments. Results showed that PAM treatment kinetically reduced the sorption rate of all herbicides, possibly due to the slower diffusion of herbicide molecules into interior sorption sites of soil particles that were covered and/or cemented together by PAM. The equilibrium sorption and desorption amounts of nonionic herbicides (metolachlor and atrazine) were essentially unaffected by anionic PAM, even under a high PAM application rate, while the sorption amounts of anionic herbicides (2,4-D and picloram) were slightly decreased and their desorption amounts increased little. The impact mechanisms of PAM were related to the molecular characteristics of PAM and herbicides. The negative effects of PAM on the sorption of anionic herbicides are possibly caused by the enhancement of electrostatic repulsion by presorbed anionic PAM and competition for sorption sites. However, steric hindrance of the large PAM molecule weakens its influence on herbicide sorption on interior sorption sites of soil particles, which probably leads to the small interference on herbicide sorption, even under high application rates.     

采油废水气浮-生物处理方法研究

针对采油废水外排水质超标现象,胜利油田孤岛采油厂在室内试验和现场小试的基础上,分别采用直接投加菌液方法和生物接触氧化方法对孤岛采油废水进行了现场中试对比研究。试验结果表明:两种方法都能有效地去除了采油废水中的超标污染物,处理后的水质指标全部达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二类水质标准。相比较生物接触氧化法工序运行稳定,易于实施。