基于供需关系的城市生态系统服务评估 ——以沈阳市为例

城市生态系统服务功能的可持续性是实现城市可持续发展目标的关键.针对高度发展的城市生态系统的生态系统服务功能核算问题,从城市供给服务、调节服务和支持服务3个方面构建基于城市供需关系的生态系统服务功能评估体系.研究结果表明,沈阳市市内九区供给服务功能总体表现为中心城区"高需求,低供给"、近郊区"高供给,低需求"的状态;调节...     

城市绿化对改善西宁城市生态系统的影响

文章简要介绍城市生态系统的特点和功能以及城市绿化在城市生态系统中的地位和作用，通过探讨西宁市城市绿化的现状，提出了建设西宁生态园林城市的思路。     

城市湿地生态系统的结构特征及现存问题

对我国城市湿地生态系统的结构特征和存在问题进行了综述。目前我国城市湿地生态系统的结构特征表现为面积小、分布不均、空间结构和营养结构简单、稳定性低、脆弱性强,同时其形态结构具有显著的景观美学特征,但受水环境因素的制约性强。目前的主要问题是：湿地面积迅速减少、空间结构脆弱性加剧、环境污染加剧、生物多样性降低、生物入侵严重、生态系统稳定性下降、水土流失与湖泊淤积严重、规划设计不当、人为干预强烈。通过综述,将增加人们对城市湿地生态系统结构的深入认识,为开展科学保护、建设、开发、利用活动和促进城市可持续发展提供依据。     

胶州市生态系统承载机制及实证研究

本文立足于城市生态系统的结构与功能，探讨了系统内部资源、环境对人类社会经济活动的承载机制，总结了城市生态系统承载机制的特点，认为城市生态系统承载机制具有客观存在性、阈值性、相对性等特点，并从城市生态系统压力水平、约束水平、支撑水平等角度构建相应的定量研究指标体系，运用主成份分析法，提出了城市生态系统资源承载指数、环境约束指数以及综合承载指数。     

城市生态系统与中小城市生态环境规划探讨

城市生态系统是以人为中心的人工生态系统。城市环境是人类利用和改造环境而创造出来的高度人工化的生存环境,中小城市是区域内经济活动、生产活动、物资能量流通的中心。本文对城市生态系统的特征进行了分析,对如何进行城市生态环境规划进行了探讨。     

基于熵权分析的西安城市生态系统健康评价

从城市生态系统健康内涵出发,结合西安城市实际情况,选取活力、组织力、恢复力、生态服务功能和人群健康状况构建城市健康评价指标体系,采用基于熵值的赋权法来确定指标权重,运用模糊数学的方法对2000-2007年西安城市生态系统健康进行评价分析.结果表明,2000-2007年西安市城市生态系统健康经历从病态、不健康再到亚健康的转变,逐年趋向于健康方向发展;其中恢复力、人群健康是影响西安城市生态系统健康状况的有利因素,活力、系统服务功能和组织结构成为影响西安城市生态系统健康状况的不利因素.     

兰州市城市生态系统健康评价

从城市生态系统健康内涵出发,运用熵权法和模糊数学评价法对2004—2008年兰州市城市生态系统健康进行定量分析。结果表明,2004—2008年的评价结果依次为不健康、病态、病态、病态、病态。近5年以来,兰州市生态系统健康形势逐年好转,但总体水平仍不高,将来还有很大的发展空间。明确了兰州市城市生态系统健康的制约因子,提出改善城市生态系统健康状况的措施,为兰州市城市生态建设提供科学依据。     

城市河流近自然治理--概念构架与治理设计

河流是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,是城市的自然元素和景观组分,具有提供水生生物生境和水源、调节小气候、美化城市、休闲娱乐等多种生态服务功能.随着城市化进程的飞速发展,城市河流生态系统面临着生物多样性减少、污染加剧等多方面的危害.如何恢复受损的城市河流生态系统已经成为我们的当务之急.对城市河流的生态结构及其在城市中的生态功能进行了简要介绍,讨论了河流生态恢复的近自然方法,并对现有的河流生态恢复存在的问题及发展趋势提出了几点看法.     

关于《生态保护学》学科建设若干问题初探

生态保护学经历了自然保护和生态保护两个阶段。生态保护学的研究对象是人类对生态有意识的保护，属于环境科学和应用生态学，包括自然保护、农村生态保护、城市生态保护。科学基础包括生态学、农村生态学、城市生态学、景观生态学，生态经济学与生态系统服务功能价值等，但专门的学科基础是恢复生态学。学科体系中生态监测与调查是基础，生态系统健康及生态评价是关键，生态工程与生态恢复是重点。     

基于模糊综合评价法的城市生态系统健康评价

在构建城市生态系统健康评价指标体系的基础上,借助模糊综合评价法对重庆市1998-2011的生态系统健康状况进行评价与比较分析.结果表明,重庆市生态系统健康状况有所好转,由1998-2007年的“不健康”状态转化为2008-2011年的“健康”或“临界健康”状态,但重庆市生态系统的健康状况不稳定、波动较大.     

城镇体系规划中的生态与环境保护规划--以潮州市为例

目前城镇体系规划在各地区相应开展,但作为城镇体系规划重要内容之一的生态与环境保护规划却没有得到普遍重视,这与城市可持续发展战略是不相适应的.从城镇体系规划角度出发,简述了生态与环境保护规划的要求、内容及作用,并以潮州市为例,对生态与环境保护规划进行了探讨,为城镇的开发与可持续发展提供决策依据.     

Urban reconciliation ecology: the potential of living roofs and walls

Reconciling human and non-human use of urban regions to support biological conservation represents a major challenge for the 21st century. The concept of reconciliation ecology, by which the anthropogenic environment may be modified to encourage non-human use and biodiversity preservation without compromising societal utilization, potentially represents an appropriate paradigm for urban conservation given the generally poor opportunities that exist for reserve establishment and ecological restoration in urban areas. Two habitat improvement techniques with great potential for reconciliation ecology in urban areas are the installation of living roofs and walls, which have been shown to support a range of taxa at local scales. This paper evaluates the reconciliation potential of living roofs and walls, in particular highlighting both ecological and societal limitations that need to be overcome for application at the landscape scale. We further consider that successful utilization of living roofs and walls for urban reconciliation ecology will rely heavily on the participation of urban citizens, and that a 'citizen science' model is needed to facilitate public participation and support and to create an evidence base to determine their effectiveness. Living roofs and walls are just one aspect of urban reconciliation ecology, but are particularly important 'bottom-up' techniques for improving urban biodiversity that can be performed directly by the citizenry.     

Gathering “wild” food in the city: rethinking the role of foraging in urban ecosystem planning and management

Recent “green” planning initiatives envision food production, including urban agriculture and livestock production, as desirable elements of sustainable cities. We use an integrated urban political ecology and human–plant geographies framework to explore how foraging for “wild” foods in cities, a subversive practice that challenges prevailing views about the roles of humans in urban green spaces, has potential to also support sustainability goals. Drawing on research from Baltimore, New York City, Philadelphia, and Seattle, we show that foraging is a vibrant and ongoing practice among diverse urban residents in the USA. At the same time, as reflected in regulations, planning practices, and attitudes of conservation practitioners, it is conceptualised as out of place in urban landscapes and an activity to be discouraged. We discuss how paying attention to urban foraging spaces and practices can strengthen green space planning and summarise opportunities for and challenges associated with including foragers and their concerns.     

模糊集对分析在城市绿地景观生态综合评价中的应用

运用模糊集对分析法，建立了城市绿地景观生态综合评价数学模型。应用实例表明，该模型可以为城市绿地系统景观评价生态提供客观，合理的决策方法。     

Of parks and politics: the production of socio-nature in a Gujarati town

Urban parks in India are often discussed as positive environmental projects, and their creation appears as unproblematic in public discourse. This paper presents the creation of a municipal park in a small city in Gujarat, India. Using insights from history and architecture, we stress the importance of reading parks as political and to some extent ideological projects in the larger context of city-making. The political ecology and history of the particular park studied here allow us to problematise the socio-ecological project of urban “beautification” via park creation. The municipal park, established in the centre of a small urban agglomeration after displacing a slum settlement from the site, is – as we argue – an integral part of a local geography of power. As such it expresses several registers of values upheld by local elites and brings into focus highly conflictive social relations. The case study contributes to further developing a situated urban political ecological approach that starts theorising cities from the South. It moreover offers a critical perspective on the understudied urban nature of small towns.     

城市景观生态规划:生态基础设施建设与人文生态设计--以常州市为例

城市景观生态规划是景观生态学研完的领域之一，随着城市环境问题的出现，以及人们需求的提高，用景观生态设计理念来解决城市资源、环境和发展问题已成为当今社会的一个重要课题。本文以常州市为例，探讨以“生态基础设施建设”与“人文生态设计”为重要控制点的城市景观生态规划之路。     

用工业生态学理论优化工业生产体系

工业生态是人类社会发展之必然。在阐述工业生态学基本理论的基础上,以废物再资源化为指导思想,对秦皇岛市金海粮油豆油生产进行优化组合,以豆油生产为"优势种群"(核心环节),将其生产过程中产生的"废物"作为下一生产环节的原料,即"资源—产品—再生资源"或"资源—产品—消费—再资源化"的循环式流程,建立工业生态体系,取得生态、经济和社会等多种效益的共赢。     

面向城市管理的城市建筑存量研究综述

城市建筑存量研究是为适应当前城市管理的需要而出现的理论研究,与国家制定的城市可持续发展战略具有内在一致性。本文对城市建筑存量的概念进行解析,全面阐述了城市建筑存量研究的意义,概述了城市建筑存量研究的系统边界、内涵和研究方法等,总结了城市建筑存量研究的三大领域：城市建筑存量时空演变及影响因素研究、城市建筑废弃物资源化开发潜力分析研究和城市可持续管理决策支持系统开发的研究现状。目前城市建筑存量理论体系尚不够完善、定量工具和基础数据库严重缺乏,对于城市决策支持不足,未来应在城市建筑存量时空演变及环境影响分析、开发融合多学科交叉及新技术应用的分析方法和辅助城市可持续管理决策三个领域加强和深化研究。     

A planning and decision-making framework for ecological restoration

A broad and objective perspective of ecological and socioenomic knowledge is required to underlie a scientific approach to the problems of terrestrial restoration ecology. Uncertainty associated with limited scientific knowledge highlights the crucial importance of the interaction between science and policy in weighing ecological restoration alternatives in relation to other management options. In this paper, we provide a pragmatic definition for restoration ecology that is suitable for extensive terrestrial applications and present a decision framework to help organize and clarify different phases of the decision process as it is related to ecological restoration. We argue that restoration planning should include a wider spectrum of participants and decisions than have traditionally been employed.