QuickBird影像融合最佳波段选择及不同融合方法质量评价研究

分析了QuickBird多光谱遥感影像各个波段的光谱特征,并进行了定量评价。根据信息量的大小和波段相关性得到最佳波段组合,在最佳组合波段下利用遥感影像处理软件ERDAS9.2选择或利用建模模块建立不同的影像融合模型对QuikBird多光谱数据与全色遥感影像进行融合,按照定性及定量指标对融合前后的遥感影像进行色彩、分辨率及信息量评价,得到QuikBird影像数据最佳融合方法。     

基于Landsat-8数据的博斯腾湖透明度反演

透明度是湖泊水体重要的物理参数之一,是水体光学组分的综合反映,对研究湖泊生态环境具有重要科学意义。目前,利用遥感技术手段对博斯腾湖进行大范围、连续的水透明度监测研究相对较少。基于湖泊透明度实测值、对应点的光谱数据和Landsat-8遥感影像,分析透明度敏感波段及其组合,建立博斯腾湖水体透明度遥感反演模型。实测光谱分析结果显示波段比值运算和和差组合运算的敏感性较高,相关系数可达0.8以上;Landsat-8 OLI遥感数据分析结果得到波段比值(近红外波段和蓝色波段的比值)的敏感性较高,相关系数可达0.7;基于OLI近红外波段B5和蓝色波段B1比值的线性模型反演效果最好,精度较高,且稳定性较好。博斯腾湖透明度在200 cm左右,透明度由西向东先升高再降低,呈带状分布。     

基于Landsat8数据的东道海子叶绿素a的遥感反演和监测研究

水质监测是水质评价与水污染防治的主要依据,而叶绿素a是进行水质监测最重要的参数之一。为了研究东道海子叶绿素a的多光谱波段分析技术,形成具有可操作性的中低分辨率多光谱水质遥感监测方法和技术,本文以Landsat8 OLI为数据源,研究叶绿素a的光谱特征,确定叶绿素a遥感定量监测的最佳波段,并结合地面实测数据,建立叶绿素a的遥感估测模型,同时对模型进行精度评价和应用;采用Carlson营养状态指数(TSI)方法,以叶绿素a浓度为指标,进行湖泊水体营养状况评价。结果表明:Landsat8 OLI数据的700 nm~800 nm波段适合用来监测内陆水体中叶绿素a浓度,尤其是叶绿素a浓度较高的水体;Landsat8数据11个波段中,前5个波段适合用来反演水体中的叶绿素a浓度,得到最佳的回归模型;从叶绿素a浓度及富营养化空间分布上看,东道海子中游区域的分布均明显大于上游和下游区域,总体上由南向北逐渐减小;从时间上看,东道海子水质呈好转趋势,中下游区域好转尤为明显。该研究结果对内陆湖泊水质持久监测提供有效手段。     

TM遥感影像解译数据中线状及细小地物的扣除

随着高分辨率遥感影像的普遍使用和对遥感影像解译数据精度的更高要求,对于TM遥感影像解译数据中一些线状及细小地物如道路、沟渠、田埂、林带、居民点等由于未能解译而混入其它类型中,造成某个类型面积的增加或减少的问题亟待解决。本文利用影像融合技术,根据工作中的实际情况,主要对耕地中的线状和细小地物的扣除方法进行了描述。     

基于决策树技术的城市建设用地信息提取方法研究

以2006年中巴多波段遥感影像为数据源,采用决策树分类技术对济南市城市建设用地信息进行提取.在建立研究区先验知识的基础上,对城市建设用地及不同类型背景地物的光谱响应特征进行了统计,建立了基于地物光谱特征的决策树分类模型与分类知识库,然后进行图像分类,最后经过精度评价,发现该方法能有效地将城市建设用地信息提取出来并具有较高的分类精度与效率.     

基于RS和GIS的成都市水域动态变化分析

利用地理信息系统技术，以1987年和2000年的两期TM遥感影像为数据源，通过重点分析最佳组合波段的选择和水体信息特征提取的图像处理方法，得到这两个时期的成都市水域面积，进而实现水域变化的动态监测，并分析其对环境的影响，以便给水资源开发策略的制定提供科学的依据。     

SPOT5卫星数据融合和彩色合成的方法及应用

文章利用玛多县2005年5月22日SPOT5卫星多光谱和全色段数据的融合和彩色影像图的处理和制作，系统介绍了目前较为成熟的像元级融合技术和SPOT5模拟真彩色影像图制作方法。制作后的影像图能够满足测量和专业制图的需求，而且可以用于地物分类、目标识别等处理。     

融合GF-2与开放地图数据的城市绿地精细化分类研究

城市绿地是城市生态效益的重要载体,高精度的绿地目标检测与属性分类为优化城市生态空间结构、维护城市生态平衡以及建设“碳中和”城市提供基础数据支撑。通过改进经典U-Net算法,进行GF-2多光谱遥感影像图像分类;同时,基于景观生态学理论,采用POI和OSM为代表的开放地图数据,对绿地斑块进行多维度精细化分类;进一步选择深圳市福田区与罗湖区交界处的矩形区域为样本进行验证。结果表明：所提出的ASPP+SFAM融合U-Net网络模型与U-Net和UNet3+模型相比,所识别的城市绿地边界和真实城市绿地边界更吻合。所提出的模型的总体分类精度为90.87%,比U-Net和U-Net3+模型分别提高了11.13%和7.39%。同时,针对遥感影像纹理特征无法直接进行小区域城市绿地社会属性分类的问题,利用POI数据包含的属性信息、城市绿地与OSM道路网的拓扑关系以及景观形态指数,最终实现功能分类、类型特征、服务范围和形态特征4个维度的城市绿地的精细化分类。     

地表水质的遥感定量监测分析

通过水质监测数据与遥感卫星影像中各波段间的相关性分析,建立多元回归方程,对地表水质监测进行反演和验证,结果体现了遥感技术在水质监测方面的实用性。     

基于IHS和PCA的CBERS与TM数据融合研究

以安徽省淮北市主城区为主要研究区域,采用2000年9月14日TM图像和2007年4月8日中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02)CCD数据作为数据源,主城区TM图像大小为239×338,CBERS图像大小为367×519.对两期遥感图像进行图像配准和去噪处理,运用IHS变换法和PCA变换法对TM图像和CBERS全色波段图像进行融合,并对融合结果进行了评价.     

高分辨率遥感影像在城市绿地信息提取中的应用研究

高分辨率卫星遥感图像数据量大、空间分辨率高、结构信息复杂、地物同物异谱现象更为突出等特征给专题信息提取技术带来了新的挑战。基于植被的光谱特征,利用监督分类、植被指数分类和目视解译等方法对QuickBird高分辨率卫星遥感影像的绿地信息进行提取,并对分类精度作了比对分析。研究结果表明,监督分类方法不能得到令人满意的结果,运用植被指数分类方法则有明显改善,其中归一化植被指数(NDVI)精度最高,因此NDVI能有效地对植被进行分类与识别。     

Remote sensing for land management and planning

The primary role of remote sensing in land management and planning has been to provide information concerning the physical characteristics of the land which influence the management of individual land parcels or the allocation of lands to various uses These physical characteristics have typically been assessed through aerial photography, which is used to develop resource maps and to monitor changing environmental conditions These uses are well developed and currently well integrated into the planning infrastructure at local, state, and federal levels in the United States.Many newly emerging uses of remote sensing involve digital images which are collected, stored, and processed automatically by electromechanical scanning devices and electronic computers Some scanning devices operate from aircraft or spacecraft to scan ground scenes directly; others scan conventional aerial transparencies to yield digital images. Digital imagery offers the potential for computer-based automated map production, a process that can significantly increase the amount and timeliness of information available to land managers and planners.Future uses of remote sensing in land planning and management will involve geographic information systems, which store resource information in a geocoded format. Geographic information systems allow the automated integration of disparate types of resource data through various types of spatial models so that with accompanying sample ground data, information in the form of thematic maps and/ or aerially aggregated statistics can be produced Key issues confronting the development and integration of geographic information systems into planning pathways are restoration and rectification of digital images, automated techniques for combining both quantitative and qualitative types of data in information-extracting procedures, and the compatibility of alternative data storage modes     

Land use change analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China using satellite remote sensing,GIS and stochastic modelling

Rapid land use change has taken place in many coastal regions of China such as the Zhujiang Delta over the past two decades due to accelerated industrialization and urbanization. In this paper, land use change dynamics were investigated by the combined use of satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and stochastic modelling technologies. The results indicated that there has been a notable and uneven urban growth and a tremendous loss in cropland between 1989 and 1997. The land use change process has shown no sign of becoming stable. The study demonstrates that the integration of satellite remote sensing and GIS was an effective approach for analyzing the direction, rate, and spatial pattern of land use change. The further integration of these two technologies with Markov modelling was found to be beneficial in describing and analyzing land use change process.     

Emergence of Indigenous Vegetation Classifications Through Integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Remote Sensing Analyses

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can play an important role in the understanding of ecological systems. Although TEK has complemented scientific and managerial programs in a variety of contexts, its formal incorporation into remote sensing exercises has to date been limited. Here, we show that the vegetation classifications of the Ache, an indigenous hunter-gatherer tribe of the Mbaracayu Forest Reserve in Paraguay, are reflected in a supervised classification of satellite imagery of the reserve. Accuracy of classification was toward the low end of the range of published values, but was reasonable given the difficult nature of separating forest classes from satellite images. Comparison of the resultant map with a more traditionally elaborated vegetation map highlights differences between the two approaches and the gain in information obtained by considering TEK classifications. We suggest that integration of TEK and remote sensing may provide alternative insights into the ecology of vegetation communities and land cover, particularly in remote and densely forested areas where ecological field research is often limited by roads and/or trail systems.     

基于ArcView的人机交互式土地资源遥感解译方法

对于大型复杂的土地资源遥感判读任务,传统的人工目视解译和常规的计算机遥感图像分析处理都难以满足这一要求。人机交互式判读解译方法使人与计算机相互配合,充分发挥各自的优势,可更准确有效地对遥感图像进行解译。运用ArcView软件进行土地资源遥感图像的人机交互式解译,探讨了该方法的实现过程和主要特点。     

The use of Landsat multispectral scanner data for the analysis and management of flooding on the river Severn,England

Remote sensing has emerged as one of the major techniques for the analysis and delineation of large floods. This analysis can provide data invaluable for the hydrological management of large river systems. A need for information on the extent of floodplain inundation for the lower reaches of the largest river in the UK was met by a search through Landsat images of floods and the analysis of the best example recorded. Automated classification of the Landsat imagery of this flood on the river Severn in 1977 was used to provide estimates of the extent and spatial distribution of inundation. Flood images were generated using the Plessey IDP 3000 image processor, and the maps derived accorded well with aerial photography and qualitative flood information. Three distinct floodplain environments were delineated and flood images produced by different spectral bands compared. Specific questions prompted by flood hazard management and concerning the processes and extent of flooding were answered by the Landsat data analysis. Management of the flood risk of large rivers is expensive and remote sensing data is a relatively cheap and effective way of monitoring control works and providing data for the prediction of the effects of future hydrological works. Remote sensing is a practical way in which spatial information concerning the behavior of large dynamic systems can be obtained both quickly and relatively cheaply.     

遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用

介绍总结了近年来遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用与进展，以若干应用实例阐明了遥感技术在实现对自然灾害进行宏观、实时、动态、连续监测中不可替代的作用；在对我国灾害遥感的应用现状进行了分析之后，发现灾前预测工作有所不足；指出遥感技术将进一步同地理信息系统技术和全球定位系统技术相结合，在防灾减灾工作中发挥愈来愈重要的作用。     

LAKE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FROM LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DATA USING NEURAL NETWORK: AN APPROACH TO OPTIMAL BAND COMBINATION SELECTION1

Abstract: The concern about water quality in inland water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs has been increasing. Owing to the complexity associated with field collection of water quality samples and subsequent laboratory analyses, scientists and researchers have employed remote sensing techniques for water quality information retrieval. Due to the limitations of linear regression methods, many researchers have employed the artificial neural network (ANN) technique to decorrelate satellite data in order to assess water quality. In this paper, we propose a method that establishes the output sensitivity toward changes in the individual input reflectance channels while modeling water quality from remote sensing data collected by Landsat thematic mapper (TM). From the sensitivity, a hypothesis about the importance of each band can be made and used as a guideline to select appropriate input variables (band combination) for ANN models based on the principle of parsimony for water quality retrieval. The approach is illustrated through a case study of Beaver Reservoir in Arkansas, USA. The results of the case study are highly promising and validate the input selection procedure outlined in this paper. The results indicate that this approach could significantly reduce the effort and computational time required to develop an ANN water quality model.