延续绿色人文 环保构筑和谐

自绍兴县百福园社区创建国家级绿色社区成功以来，百福园社区依然秉着“人文绿色”的理念，继续致力于“绿色”，环保事业的发展，一年多来，百福园的面积扩大了，居民人数增加了，管理难度加大了，但同时，我们也看到，百福园的绿化面积增多了，居民的环保意识增强了，小区的生活更和谐了。     

在2008年全省环保工作会议结束时的讲话

全省环境保护工作会议，经过与会同志的共同努力，完成了各项议程，现在就要结束了。这次会议是一个十分重要的会议。会上，大家聆听了马建堂副省长的重要讲话和赵浩明局长对去年工作的总结和对今年工作的安排部署，签定了2008年目标责任书，并进行了座谈讨论。会议时间虽短，但安排紧凑，开得十分成功，达到了预期的效果。一是提高了认识，增强了信心；二是明确了方向，理清了思路；三是确定了目标，落实了责任。大家一致认为，马建堂副省长的讲话指导思想明确，统筹了经济社会发展与环保工作全局，讲得很全面、很透彻，要求很严格、很具体，对“十一五”环保工作具有十分重要的指导意义；赵浩明局长的工作报告对去年工作的总结客观公正、实事求是，对今年的工作安排全面明确、措施具体。这次参加会议收获很大，认识比以往有了明显提高，工作信心比以往有了较大提升。共同认为，通过学习领导讲话和会议材料，强烈地感到，环境保护迎来了一个崭新的发展时期，纷纷表示，回去后一定学习好、贯彻好、落实好会议精神，扎扎实实地做好工作。同志们在讨论中，提出了一些很好的工作建议，我们将认真采纳。     

十七大引领环保事业步入战略新暑期——节约资源保护环境共列国策 资源节约环境友好同入党章

群贤齐聚大会堂，高朋满座听报告。齐心协力谋发展，又是五年春光好。2007年10月15日，中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会隆重召开，全国振奋、世界瞩目。十七大报告从5个方面、15处论述了环境保护，并将建设生态文明作为全面建设小康社会奋斗目标新要求之一，这在历届党的政治报告中是第一次，充分表明我们党把环境保护工作融入了科学发展的全局，放到了十分重要的战略位置，是我们党关于环境保护理论认识一次新的飞跃，充分体现了环境保护工作进入了党和国家发展大局，进入了经济社会建设主战场，进入了重要战略机遇期，环境保护的责任加重了。     

基于流媒体技术的远程教育平台的设计与实现

流媒体技术采用流式传输的方式在Internet／Intranet播放的媒体格式，其数据流随时传送随时播放，缩短了启动延时，降低了对系统缓存容量的需求，极大地减少了用户的等待时间，因此广泛应用于网络教育、网络电台、视频点播、收费播放等方面。文中主要介绍了流媒体技术的特点、原理，进一步阐述了用于在局域网和Internet中传送流式多媒体内容的开发工具windows media，给出了一种利用Windows media流媒体技术构建远程教育系统的具体方案，很好的解决了音频，视频信息的传送问题和数据间的同步问题。     

MBR中污泥脱氢酶活性测定方法的改进

以MBR中活性污泥为材料，以硫化钠为还原剂，丙酮为萃取剂，对传统TTC-脱氢酶活性测定法进行了改进，解决了标准曲线制作繁琐和稳定性差的缺点，并对测定中诸多影响因素进行了比较分析，确定了最佳实验条件。     

演绎荒漠绿色传奇——记第七届中华宝钢环境奖获得者乌云斯庆

乌云斯庆说：“在我们这代人身上再苦再累也要干。现在把土地平整好了，把沙漠治理了，把环境搞好了，我们的儿子，我们的孙子，我们的子子孙孙，以后就能过上好日子。”     

环境保护部部长周生贤致信祝贺中国环境管理干部学院成立30周年

金秋时节，中国环境管理干部学院迎来30周年华诞。环境保护部部长周生贤为学院发来贺信，贺信指出，30年来，学院秉承“团结、严谨、求实、创新”的校训，坚持以人为本，遵循教育规律，不断改革创新，形成了多专业、多层次、多形式的办学体系，培养造就了大批环保专业人才，为中国环保事业发展做出了积极贡献。     

金融风暴下的婚礼消费新哲学

金融危机来了，房价跌了，股市熊了……连富人们都捂紧钱包慎买奢侈品了。怕裁员，怕降薪，人人都开始省钱了，可是婚还是要结的，婚礼还是要办的，对很多人来讲，这是人生中只有一次的大事，谁都想留给自己一个美好的回忆。现在，办体面的婚礼花有限的钱成为准新人们津津乐道的话题，体面婚礼便宜办，浪漫回忆不打折。     

《中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究》述评

《中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究》回顾了世界生态现代化的历程，总结了经验，介绍了世界生态现代化的基本原理，分析并评价世界各国生态现代化的水平，进而提出中国生态现代化的战略思考。这个研究报告指出了人类社会发展的方向一一生态现代化，为此我国必须进一步落实科学发展观，加快实施可持续发展战略，充分发挥后发优势，努力实现跨越式发展，走综合生态现代化的道路。     

天要蓝

一日，闲来无趣，四处逛荡，伴着秋天落叶的刷刷声，看到了在林间捡拾垃圾的环保卫士，我低头望望脚下的垃圾，不由得把它捡起，瞬间，令我陷入了深深的回忆……     

Use of fertilization and grazing exclusion in mitigating lost meadow production in the Sierra Nevada,California, USA

The effects of a single fertilizer treatment (ammonium phosphate at 841 kg/ha, plus dolomite at 336 kg/ha) and cattle exclusion were studied in two meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California in the USA. Grazing exclusion had no effects on soil bulk density during the three years of the study. Fertilization had no effect on total soil nitrogen, soil pH, or crude protein concentrations in graminoids or forbs. Saturated soils and the development of anaerobic conditions close to the surface may have led to denitrification and the loss of usable nitrogen. Fertilization did result in short-term (one- to two-year) increases in available soild phosphorus in the drier of the two meadows, and in total phosphorus concentrations in graminoids and forbs, which were otherwise generally deficient in phosphorus. Few changes in plant species composition or production were detected, although a combination of fertilization and grazing exclusion increased forb production in the drier meadow. Based on our initial results, fertilization with phosphorus was the recommended treatment for meadow improvement projects in the central Sierra Nevada.     

DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN INTRAGRAVEL WATER OF THREE TRIBUTARIES TO REDWOOD CREEK,HUMBOLDT COUNTY,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: As part of a study of Redwood National Park in north-western California, an investigation was conducted from June to November 1974 on intragravel dissolved oxygen and sediment in three tributaries to Redwood Creek, a major coastal stream that flows through Redwood National Park. Of concern was whether the intragravel environment of streams in logged and unlogged redwood-forested drainage basins was different. The tributary in the unlogged drainage basin had lower percentages of fine streambed sediment than either of the tributaries in logged drainage basins. Concentration and percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen of intragravel water were highest in the stream in the unlogged drainage basin, intermediate in the stream in the patch-cut drainage basin, and lowest in the stream in the clear-cut drainage basin. The differences in intragravel dissolved-oxygen conditions among the three tributaries are attributed chiefly to differences in their interchange of surface and intragravel water. The larger quantities of fine streambed sediment in the two streams in logged basins may have reduced the permeability of the streambeds and hence their capacity to interchange surface and intragravel water. However, differences in the lithology of the three tributary drainage basins examined may contribute to the differences in the percentage of fine sediments observed among the streams, even in the absence of logging.     

Closure of Disputes in Assessments of Climate Change in The Netherlands

2 greenhouse gases in assessment studies. For the cases studied, we identify variability in the assessment reports in the Netherlands during the pre-IPCC period. In the Netherlands arena, the assessments in this period can be seen as exponents of two different lines, a Netherlands line and an international line. We seek to identify what factors were decisive in the selection processes that resulted in the closure of visible disputes (visible in or across the assessment reports) for both cases. Our analysis reveals a remarkable difference in the adoption behavior of two Dutch assessment groups despite a large overlap in membership. We provide evidence that it is not the paradigmatic predisposition of the experts in the committee that was decisive for the closure of visible disputes, but it was the context in which the experts operated and the commitments they had made in each setting.     

An investigation of the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality of Kedla and Rajrappa Washeries, Jharkhand, India

An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality in two coking coal washeries of Central Coalfields Limited, Kedla and Rajrappa in Jharkhand State, India. Coal samples-raw coal feed, washed fine clean coal, washed coarse clean coal, middlings and rejects were collected. Similarly, raw water (intake to washery) and effluent samples generated in the washeries, namely, fine coal jig under water, coarse coal jig under water and slurry pond water were also collected over a period of 6 months. Parameters outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Schedule VI Indian standards were determined, both in coal samples and water/washery effluent samples. Apart from the parameters listed in the standard, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphate and chloride found to be present in coal were also determined in coal and water samples. The processing results essentially in production of huge quantities of suspended material, which is beyond the stipulated limit of 100mg/l as specified in the Standard. Lowering of pH was observed in both the washeries. The trace/heavy elements were found to be concentrated in the heavier fractions in rejects produced from the washery. The concentrations of major elements in coal-Na, K, Ca, Mg, and minor elements in coal-Mn; F, SO4 and Cl were found to be higher in process water than in raw water indicating that these elements are transferred from coal to the water in washeries. However, only in the case of Mn, the stipulated limit of the effluent standard was exceeded. Trace elements like As, Se, Hg, Cd, though found to be present in coal, were absent in the process water indicating that these elements are not released by coal during washing.     

Usefulness of natural regions for lake management: Analysis of variation among lakes in northwestern Wisconsin,USA

A map of summer total phosphorus in lakes was compiled recently for a three-state area of the upper Midwest for purposes of identifying regional patterns of total phosphorus in lakes and attainable lake trophic state. Spatial patterns in total phosphorus from approximately 3000 lakes were studied in conjunction with maps of geographic characteristics that tend to affect phosphorus balance in lakes to identify regions of similarity in phosphorus concentrations in lakes or similarity in the mosaic of values as compared to adjacent areas. While degrees of relative homogeneity are apparent at many scales, the map was designed at a scale that would yield regions with sufficient homogeneity to be useful for lake management throughout the area. In this study, data from 210 lakes in a 1560-mi² area in northwestern Wisconsin, sampled by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in the spring of 1988 (subsequent to the compilation of the phosphorus map), were examined to: (1) substantiate the existence of the regions depicted on the map in northwest Wisconsin, (2) determine the nature and relative precision of the regional boundaries, (3) determine the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic watershed characteristics, lake types, lake area, and lake depth in explaining within-region differences in lake phosphorus, and (4) demonstrate how the regions might be used by local lake managers.     

A geomorphologist's criticism of the engineering approach to channelization of gravel-bed rivers: case study of the Raba River, Polish Carpathians

River engineers use sediment transport formulas to design regulated channels in which the river's ability to transport bedload would remain in equilibrium with the delivery of materials from upstream. In gravel-bed rivers, a number of factors distort the simple relationship between particle size and hydraulic parameters at the threshold of sediment motion, inherent in the formulas. This may lead to significant errors in predicting the bedload transport rates in such streams and hence to instability of their regulated channels. The failure to recognize a nonstationary river regime may also result in unsuccessful channelization. Rapid channel incision has followed channelization of the main rivers of the Polish Carpathians in the 20th century. A case study of the Raba River shows that incision has resulted from the increase in stream power caused by channelization and the simultaneous reduction in sediment supply due to variations in basin management and a change in flood hydrographs. Calculations of bedload transport in the river by the Meyer-Peter and Müller formula are shown to have resulted in unrealistic estimates, perhaps because the different degree of bed armoring in particular cross-sections was neglected. It would have been possible to avoid improper channelization if the decreasing trend in sediment load of the Carpathian rivers had been recognized on the basis of geomorphological and sedimentological studies. Allowing the rivers to increase their sinuosity, wherever possible without an erosional threat to property and infrastructure, and preventing further in-stream gravel mining are postulated in order to arrest channel incision and reestablish the conditions for water and sediment storage on the floodplains.     

Response of Nitrogen Loading to the Chesapeake Bay to Source Reduction and Land Use Change Scenarios: A SPARROW‐Informed Analysis

In response to concerns regarding the health of streams and receiving waters, the United States Environmental Protection Agency established a total maximum daily load for nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay watershed for which practices must be in place by 2025 resulting in an expected 25% reduction in load from 2009 levels. The response of total nitrogen (TN) loads delivered to the Bay to nine source reduction and land use change scenarios was estimated using a Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes model. The largest predicted reduction in TN load delivered to the Bay was associated with a scenario in which the mass of TN as fertilizer applied to agricultural lands was decreased. A 25% decrease in the mass of TN applied as fertilizer resulted in a predicted reduction in TN loading to the Bay of 11.3%, which was 2.5–5 times greater than the reductions predicted by other scenarios. Eliminating fertilizer application to all agricultural land in the watershed resulted in a predicted reduction in TN load to the Bay of 45%. It was estimated that an approximate 25% reduction in TN loading to the Bay could be achieved by eliminating fertilizer applied to the 7% of subwatersheds contributing the greatest fertilizer‐sourced TN loads to the Bay. These results indicate that management strategies aimed at decreasing loading from a small number of subwatersheds may be effective for reducing TN loads to the Bay, and similar analyses are possible in other watersheds.     

Recovery Trajectories After In Situ Burning of an Oiled Wetland in Coastal Louisiana,USA

The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional response options to oil spills in wetlands is driving the investigation of alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, a spill of gas condensate in a brackish marsh at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana was remediated through the use of in situ burning. An assessment of vegetation recovery was initiated in three treatment marshes: (1) oil-impacted and burned, (2) oil impacted and unburned, and (3) a nonoiled unburned reference. We compared percent cover, stem density, and biomass in the treatment marshes to define ecological recovery of the marsh vegetation and soil hydrocarbon content to determine the efficacy of in situ burning as a cleanup technique. Burning led to a rapid decrease in soil hydrocarbon concentrations in the impacted-and-burned marsh to background levels by the end of the first growing season. Although a management fire accidentally burned the oil-impacted-and-unburned and reference marshes in December 1995, stem density, live biomass, and total percent cover values in the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh were equivalent to those in the other treatment marshes after three years. In addition, plant community composition within the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh was similar to the codominant mix of the grasses Distichlis spicata (salt grass) and Spartina patens (wire grass) characteristic of the surrounding marsh after the same time period. Rapid recovery of the oil-impacted-and-unburned marsh was likely due to lower initial hydrocarbon exposure. Water levels inundating the soil surface of this grass-dominated marsh and the timing of the in situ burn early in the growing season were important factors contributing to the rapid recovery of this wetland. The results of this in situ burn evaluation support the conclusion that burning, under the proper conditions, can be relied upon as an effective cleanup response to hydrocarbon spills in herbaceous wetlands.     

Perceived landscape values and public participation in a road-planning process – a case study in Sweden

The European Landscape Convention indicates that assessment of different dimensions that exist in landscapes should be taken into account in planning. In this study, we first investigated ecological, cultural and social values as perceived by the local people in a highway-planning process in Sweden. Next, we explored which factors influenced the local people's participation in the road-planning process. We used questionnaires, planning documents and the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relations between different factors and local people's participation in the planning process. The results showed that people presumed the ecological values in the landscape to be adversely affected by the new road, while the social values would remain the same. Landowners had heard of the participatory-process, but few participated. Those who lived within 300 m of the road were more active in the planning process than people living further away. The findings suggest that people living within a few hundred metres of the road should be treated as key stakeholders in the planning process. The involvement of other stakeholders, and when in the public participation process stakeholders should be involved, is also discussed.