基于BP神经网络模型的城市土地集约利用中观评价研究

中观层次的城市土地集约利用评价是以城市功能区为研究对象,通过建立各功能区的评价单元,对城市土地的投入产出效益进行定量分析研究的过程。从土地利用、土地投入、土地产出三个方面构建评价指标体系,借助BP神经网络模型从中观层次对淮安市清河区城市土地进行集约利用评价。结果显示,清河区土地集约利用水平总体较高,仍需加强土地的投入产出效益。研究表明,BP神经网络模型是一种较客观的评价方法,中观评价则能更详细地了解城市内部各个区域的土地利用情况,为政府决策提供更好的依据。     

东北地区资源型城市土地集约利用空间分异及成因分析

基于资源型城市土地集约利用内涵,从土地使用强度、土地利用效益、土地利用程度和土地利用可持续性4个方面构建城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,建立评价模型,并对我国东北地区15个地级资源型城市土地集约利用水平及空间分异特征进行分析.结果表明:我国东北地区资源型城市土地集约利用总体水平不高;省际间空间格局呈现出“南高北低”的特征,东中西地区呈现由东向西依次递增的趋势;单个城市间集约利用水平差异显著;不同类型资源型城市土地集约利用水平具有石油城市＞冶金城市＞煤炭城市＞森工城市的特征.资源型城市土地集约利用水平与城市规模、产业结构高级化程度和经济发展水平等呈正相关,针对如何提高资源型城市土地集约利用水平提出建议.     

衡阳市城市土地集约利用研究

随着衡阳市工业化、城市化和现代化的迅速发展,土地问题已成为制约衡阳市经济发展的关键因素.对城市土地集约利用进行了研究,不断提高城市土地利用效率,有利于城市土地资源的优化配置和合理利用.在介绍衡阳市土地概况的基础上,采用层次分析法,从影响城市土地利用的因素出发,选择土地投入水平、土地利用程度、土地经济产出、社会生态效益四个准则层建立了适合衡阳市城市土地集约利用的评价指标体系.对衡阳市2000-2006年的土地集约利用分值进行了计算,结果表明衡阳市处于基本集约利用的状态,集约利用水平呈曲线上升趋势,并在分析评价结果的基础上提出了实现衡阳市城市土地集约利用的建议.     

山东省城市土地集约利用区域差异分析

以山东省为例,从土地利用的经济效益、可持续水平、利用强度、投入水平4个方面构建城市土地集约利用评价体系,利用SPSS软件对山东省17地市土地集约利用进行综合评价,并运用Arcgis自然断裂点将17地市划分为4个等级。研究结果表明:青岛、威海为高度集约化;济南、德州、淄博、烟台为中度集约化;滨州、东营、潍坊、菏泽、济宁、临沂为低度集约化;聊城、泰安、莱芜、日照、枣庄为粗放集约化。并就土地利用过程中存在的问题提出山东省土地集约化利用优化策略。     

基于经济效益的成都市土地集约利用评价研究

在立足供需角度分析影响城市土地集约利用因素的基础上,使用因子分析和聚类分析法对成都近年分区县城市土地集约利用的经济效益进行评价.结果表明,人口规模、经济水平和产业结构成为影响到成都城市土地集约利用的关键因素;成都市区县土地利用集约化程度逐年改善,距离中心城区的空间距离大小直接影响到成都市土地集约利用程度,人口密度是促使土地集约利用的最重要驱力.     

基于GIS的泗县开发区土地集约利用评价研究

以安徽省泗县开发区为例,从土地利用状况、用地效益、管理绩效和可持续发展状况4个方面构建开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用GIS技术、特尔斐法,选择评价模型确定权重后对泗县开发区进行土地集约利用评价,研究泗县开发区土地集约利用状况.结果显示,泗县开发区土地集约利用总体水平为中等集约利用,土地利用状况和用地效益度方面存在着一定问题.基于反映的问题,提出相应的措施.     

开发区土地集约利用评价——以辽宁炮台经济开发区为例

综合调查分析大连市炮台开发区土地集约利用现状，建立土地集约利用评价指标体系，利用特尔斐法确定指标权重，进而计算土地集约利用度，并分别从扩展潜力、结构潜力、强度潜力、管理潜力四个方面计算土地集约利用强度。综合分析土地集约利用度与土地集约利用潜力强度计算结果表明，炮台开发区土地集约度分值达到86．16％，土地集约利用水平较高，土地利用强度潜力较小。未来土地利用潜力主要为扩展潜力，不存在管理潜力，从而对炮台开发区未来发展土地集约利用提出相应建议与措施。     

基于因素分析的城市土地集约利用比较研究

构建了一套城市土地集约利用评价的指标体系，利用多元统计分析中的因素分析法，对我国特大城市土地集约利用进行了综合评价，并对我国城市土地集约利用水平进行了比较分析。     

西宁市开发区土地集约利用水平的评价与对比

开发区作为城市经济发展的核心地区,其对土地的利用效率直接影响着城市经济可持续发展,通过提高开发区土地集约利用水平,可以有效改善开发区用地结构,从而缓解城市土地供需矛盾,促进地区经济社会发展。文章就西宁市辖区内四个开发区为研究对象,采用层次分析法,从土地利用状况、用地效益和管理绩效三个方面构建评价指标体系,对四个开发区土地集约利用水平进行评价和横向对比分析。通过对比分析发现,西宁市辖区四个开发区在土地利用中存在不同程度的问题,针对这些问题,提出了改善土地集约利用水平的政策建议。     

沿海城市土地集约利用水平演变研究——以大连市为例

根据城市土地集约利用涵义,综合考虑沿海城市化进程中城市土地集约利用的经济、社会与环境效益,选取了大连市1997—2007年8项指标,运用主成分分析法进行城市土地集约利用水平评价。在评价基础上结合大连城市发展特征,分析了城市土地集约利用水平演变趋势和阶段性。结果表明,大连城市土地集约利用水平逐年提高,且具有缓慢的连续性和骤增的阶段性特征。连续性提高是由于城市人口、经济聚集、经济容量增大、人口密度增加、城市设施局部优化完善使城市土地集约利用水平不断提高;阶段性提高是由于建成区土地面积扩张期伴随大幅度城市用地结构的优化调整和城市设施的整体完善过程,使城市土地集约利用水平显著提高。     

彭州市建设用地集约利用评价

采用主成分分析法,从彭州市土地利用现状出发,对彭州市2004—2007年的建设用地进行了集约利用评价,包括定量分析与集约度水平变化分析,得出了彭州市建设用地集约度较高,集约利用程度从2004年的较适度利用变为2007年的集约利用的结论,并提出相关建议。     

Land-Cover Change Trajectories in Northern Ghana

Land-cover change trajectories are an emergent property of complex human–environment systems such as the land-use system. An understanding of the factors responsible for land change trajectories is fundamental for land-use planning and the development of land-related policies. The aims of this study were to characterize and identify the spatial determinants of agricultural land-cover change trajectories in northern Ghana. Land-cover change trajectories were defined using land-cover maps prepared from Landsat Thematic Mapper dataset acquired in 1984, 1992, and 1999. Binary logistic regression was used to model the probability of observing the trajectories as a function of spatially explicit biophysical and socioeconomic independent variables. Population densities generally increased along the continuum of land-use intensity, whereas distance from market and roads generally decreased along this continuum. Apparently, roads and market serve as incentives for settlement and agricultural land use. An increase in population density is an important spatial determinant only for trajectories where the dominant change process is agricultural extensification. A major response to population growth is an increase in cultivation frequency around the main market. Agricultural intensification is highly sensitive to accessibility by roads. The increase in land-use intensity is also associated with low soil quality. These results suggest the need for policies to restore soil fertility for agricultural sustainability. The models also provide a means for identifying functional relationships for in-depth analyses of land-use change in Ghana.     

Economic and equity implications of land-use zoning in suburban agriculture

A cash-flow viability model is used to evaluate the impacts of land-use zoning on farm households in New Jersey. Findings suggest that zoning results in increased production expenses, lower efficiency and profitability, and the devaluation of land assets. Cash flow and economic viability are, thus, reduced. Impacts of zoning on farm incomes, off-farm incomes, revenues from land sales, indebtedness, and farm sizes were not statistically significant. The results suggest that the use of land-use zoning statutes to guarantee the existence of agriculture may not be equitable unless transferable development rights or other methods of compensating farmers for their losses are simultaneously implemented.     

Constructing land-use maps of the Netherlands in 2030

The National Environmental Assessment Agency of the RIVM in the Netherlands is obliged to report on future trends in the environment and nature every 4 years. The last report, Nature Outlook 2, evaluated the effects of four alternative socio-economic and demographic scenarios on nature and the landscape. Spatially detailed land-use maps are needed to assess effects on nature and landscape. The objective of the study presented here was how to create spatially detailed land-use maps of the Netherlands in 2030 using the Environment Explorer, a Cellular Automata-based land-use model to construct land-use maps from four scenarios. One of these is discussed in great detail to show how the maps were constructed from the various scenario elements, story lines and additional data and assumptions on national, regional and local land-use developments. It was the first time in the history of our outlooks that consistent, spatially detailed land-use maps of the Netherlands for 2030 were constructed from national economic and demographic scenarios. Each map represents a direct reflection of model input and assumptions. The maps do not show the most probable developments in the Netherlands but describe the possible change in land use if Dutch society were to develop according to one of the four scenarios. The large (societal) uncertainties are reflected in the total set of future land-use maps. The application of a land-use model such as the Environment Explorer ensures that all relevant aspects of a scenario, i.e. economic and demographic developments, zoning policies and urban growth, are integrated systematically into one consistent framework.     

农村工业化进程中的土地资源优化配置研究——以浙江永康市为例

在阐述农村工业化与土地资源优化配置关系问题的基础上，以浙江永康市为例，对当前我国农村工业化过程中土地资源优化配置问题进行了研究。研究表明，永康目前处于工业化中期阶段，工业用地扩张趋势明显，但同时也存在用地结构布局不甚合理、集约利用程度较低以及环境影响等问题。解决这些问题可通过切实保护耕地，合理安排建设用地规模与布局，提高土地集约利用率和控制环境污染等有效途径。     

济南市农村居民点用地分析及节约利用对策

随着城市化水平的提高以及城市规模的扩大，耕地日趋减少，城市用地需求量不断增加，用地矛盾加剧。通过对济南市农村居民点用地现状分析，指出了农村居民点用地存在的问题，土地利用程度低、土地资源浪费是农村居民点用地普遍存在的现象。在当前建设节约型社会的形势下，从提高土地利用程度等方面提出了节约用地的措施，指出平原地区是今后土地利用的重点；采取合理的经济措施，是解决农村居民点用地流转的新途径。     

大型水电工程胁迫下川西高山地区土地整理模式——以甘孜州泸定县为例

探讨在大型水电工程相继修建的前提下的川西高山地区土地开发整理模式,做到有效增加耕地面积,提高土地利用效率,妥善安置移民。采取实证研究和规范研究相结合的方法进行研究。研究结果表明,川西高山地区土地整理模式可采用工程防护模式、开发未利用地模式、生物工程模式和土地平整模式等。川西高山地区土地整理必须突破水利设施、土壤改造和施工条件差等3项限制性因素,从土地整理的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益的综合体进行整体效益评价。     

Combining land-use planning and tenure security: a tenure responsive land-use planning approach for developing countries

There is tenure insecurity around land ownerships and land rights in most developing countries. There are also many land-use planning projects being implemented in these countries. Often, land-use planning exists in these countries but is not formally linked with tenure security. This study argues that combining them by conducting land-use planning in a way that promotes tenure security presents a new approach. A central premise for the rationale of this intervention is that processes of land-use planning may inadvertently increase tenure security. By way of methodology, it evaluates land-use planning case studies from Africa, Asia and South America. It uses the three case study examples to build a case for making tenure security one of the major planned outcomes of a land-use planning process and provides a detailed framework for operationalising the concept. Its main contribution to the literature is that it introduces the concept of tenure responsive land-use planning.