具有开发前景的药用植物活性成分──银杏黄酮、青蒿素、鬼臼毒素、芦丁、绞股蓝皂甙

本文对银杏叶黄酮、青蒿素、鬼臼毒素、芦丁、绞股蓝皂甙的来源、分布、含量、应用，市场及提取分离等方面作了简要概述，指出了开发利用途径．     

具有开发前景的药用植物活性成分—银杏黄酮,青蒿素,鬼臼毒素,芦…

本文对银杏叶黄酮、青蒿素、鬼臼毒素、芦丁、绞股蓝皂甙的来源、分布、含量、应用，市场及提取分离等方面作了简要概述，指出了开发利用途径。     

XZXL型喷雾旋流烟气脱硫除尘技术

简易湿法烟气脱硫除尘装置普遍存在堵灰、阻力大、烟气带水和塔板易腐蚀等问题，本文介绍了针对这些问题研制成功的XZXL型喷雾旋流烟气脱硫除尘装置的技术特点。     

利用超声波辅助提取柑桔皮中叶黄素的研究

在超声波作用下，使用不同溶剂，研究了柑桔皮中叶黄素的提取方法，并通过紫外线对其进行了表征研究。结果表明：以丙酮和无水乙醇混合液（1：1，V/V）为提取溶剂，料液比为1：20，超声波提取15min，是从柑桔皮中提取叶黄素的最佳技术工艺。     

池州产紫丹参中脂溶性成分的提取研究

通过使用不同溶剂，研究了紫丹参中脂溶性成分的提取方法，并通过紫外光谱对其进行了表征。结果表明：以95％乙醇和丙酮混和溶剂（1：1，V／V）为提取溶剂，加热回流提取2．5h，是从紫丹参中提取脂溶性成分的最佳技术工艺。     

关于严禁建设简易危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施的紧急通知

国家环保总局于5月13日下发《关于严禁建设简易危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施的紧急通知》(以下简称《通知》)要求,严禁建设各类简易危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施,严禁以应急的方式和技术建设长期安全使用的设施,进一步加强处置设施建设过程中的资质管理,严格建设程序。自国家环保总局获悉,国务院批准实施《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》(以下简称《规划》)以来,地方在项目组织实施过程中出现技术水平参差不齐的情况,具体表现在;一些地方建设了一些布局分散、处理不合格、二次污染严重的焚烧装置,发放了一批危险废物和医疗…     

银杏叶内酯的提取工艺

银杏树（GinkgoBiboba）又名白果树,为我国特有植物,素有“活化石”之称。银杏叶中含有的银杏苦内酯A、B、C（Ginkgolides）均系二萜类物质,其共同特征是含有多个五元环、三个内酯环和一个特丁基。近10年来,国外学者对银杏内酯的药理作用进行了广泛深人的研究,发现其对血小板活化因子（简称PAF）具有特殊的拮抗作用,而PAF是许多疾病发病的重要介质,因此,银杏苦内酯对治疗哮喘、心脑血管疾病和多种炎症有特殊的作用［1.2」。由于银杏叶中内酯含量极低,内酯的提取一直是一项较困难的工作。鉴于桂北地区是我国较大的银杏产地,为…     

回收涂布生产废气中甲苯的新型装置

文章介绍了从涂布生产废气中回收甲苯的新型自动化回收工艺和装置。与传统的颗粒活性炭装置相比，该装置由于采用了性能优越的吸附材料和先进的工艺设计，使甲苯的回收率达95％以上，而且回收的甲苯品质好，可以直接作为原料使用，实现了清洁生产和废气资源化，收到了很好的环境效益和经济效益。     

汽车尾气检测简易工况法的发展及其在胶州市的推广与应用

对机动车排气当前的检测方法及其不足之处进行综述，对简易工况法的发展过程进行介绍，同时提出了简易工况法在胶州市推广的思路和对策。     

微穿孔板─抗性组合式消声器的研制与应用

微穿孔板─抗性组合式消声器是针对本厂３万ｔ／ａ同轴式催化裂化装置再生器烟气排空噪声大，污染环境而进行研制的，具有阻损小、耐高温、耐油污、耐蒸汽和耐腐蚀等性能，而且消声效果好、重量轻、体积小，能在较宽的频率范围内消除气流噪声，还能在短暂火焰和高速气流的特殊条件下使用。该消声器自１９８８年１月在催化裂化装置上使用４年来，消声量大、消声器性能稳定可靠，经久耐用，对消除装置噪声及厂界噪声效果显著。     

我国银杏种植业开发前景分析

本文根据我国银杏种植业的发展现状,分析了我国银杏种植业的开发前景     

ESTIMATION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF MORNING DEW EVAPORATION FROM LEAF SURFACES1

ABSTRACT: Evapotranspiration from vegetation is generally computed without consideration for early morning energy loss involved in drying wet leaf surfaces. In humid areas where dew formation is frequent, estimation of energy requirements for evaporating dew should be of interest. In this study, sensible heat flux (H) was computed from wind and temperature profile measurements over the study site. A leaf wetness sensor was used to measure the duration of evaporation from an exposed leaf surface, and net radiation was measured with a radiometer. The energy flux during the period of wet leaf surface evaporation was integrated over time. A cattail lysimeter situated at the site indicated the time when evapotranspiration started after wet leaves were dry. The energy requirements to dry an exposed wet leaf surface was estimated using energy balance methods. The mean value based on 44 days of observations from mid February to early May of 1993 indicates that the energy required to evaporate dew from openly exposed wet leaves was 5 percent of the total daily evapotranspiration of cattails with a coefficient of variation of 0.72. The mean time required to evaporate dew from exposed leaf surfaces from the onset of positive net radiation was 78 minutes. The mean dew evaporation in a morning from an exposed leaf surface was 0.16 mm with a maximum value of 0.41 mm. The energy required to dry wet leaves is a factor that should be considered when modeling evapotranspiration at hourly or shorter time intervals. Also, physical evapotranspiration models need to account for energy requirements for drying dew and rainfall wetted leaves.     

Lead in particulate deposits and in leaves of roadside plants, Karachi, Pakistan

Lead concentrations were determined for particulates which were deposited during one year on the leaves of roadside plants in Karachi. The particulates were collected from the leaves at a height of one metre. The lead accumulated by the leaves of different species was also measured. A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of passing petrol driven vehicles and the lead concentration in the deposits at different designated sites. However, no significant correlation was found between the concentration in the deposits and the lead accumulated by the leaves. A lead concentration of 30.00±6.6 ppm was recorded as the highest concentration in the particulate deposits, while maximum lead accumulated by the leaves was noted as 3.12±1.09 ppm.     

Phytoremediation of Soil Polluted by Nickel Using Agricultural Crops

Soil pollution due to heavy metals is widespread; on the world scale, it involves about 235 million hectares. The objectives of this research were to establish the uptake efficiency of nickel by some agricultural crops. In addition, we wanted to establish also in which part of plants the metal is stored for an eventual use of biomass or for recycling the metal. The experiments included seven herbaceous crops such as: barley (Hordeum vulgaris), cabbage (Brassica juncea), spinach (Spinacea oleracea), sorghum (Sorgum vulgare), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and ricinus (Ricinus communis). We used three levels of treatment (150, 300, and 600 ppm) and one control. At the end of the biological cycle of the crops, the different parts of plants, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, fruits, or seeds, were separately collected, oven dried, weighed, milled, and separately analysed. The leaves and stems of spinach showed a very good nickel storage capacity. The ricinus too proved to be a very good nickel storer. The ability of spinach and ricinus to store nickel was observed also in the leaves of cabbage, even if with a lower storage capacity. The bean, barley, and tomato, in decreasing order of uptake and storage capacity, showed a high concentration of nickel in leaves and stems, whereas the sorghum evidenced a lesser capacity to uptake and store nickel in leaves and stems. The bean was the most efficient in storing nickel in fruits or grains. Tomato, sorghum, and barley have shown a storage capacity notably less than bean. The bean appeared to be the most efficient in accumulating nickel in the roots, followed in decreasing order by sorghum, ricinus, and tomato. With regard to the removal of nickel, spinach was the most efficient as it contains the highest level of this metal per gram of dry matter. The ricinus, cabbage, bean, sorghum, barley, and tomato evidenced a progressively decreasing efficiency in the removal of nickel.     

Efficiency of removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by plant leaves and the effects of interaction of combinations of leaves on their removal efficiency

Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions using 20 species of plant leaves and combinations of these leaves have been studied. Several factors affecting the removal efficiency have been studied. The most efficient types of plant leaves for the removal of cadmium are those of styrax, plum, pomegranate and walnut. The interaction effect of the combined leaf samples on the efficiency of removal of cadmium has been found to be additive in combinations involving styrax plant leaves but seems to be antagonistic in all other combinations. The optimum experimental conditions for removal of cadmium have been found to be at pH 4.1, using high concentrations of naturally dried plant leaves, using ground leaves and to remove cadmium from agitated aqueous solutions. The percentage of metal removed at an initial cadmium concentration of 10mg/l by the most efficient types of leaves have been found to be 85% for styrax leaves, 85% for plum leaves, 80% for pomegranate leaves, 78% for walnut leaves and 77% for meddler leaves. The presence of foreign ions or complexing agents has been found to reduce the efficiency of removal of cadmium by plant leaves. About 80-85% of the cadmium in charged plant leaves has been released under the influence of changing the pH of the solution, addition of competing ions and the addition of EDTA. The results of removal of cadmium by plant leaves have been found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, first-order reaction with respect to cadmium and to have intra-pore diffusion as the rate-limiting step.     

应用Dot—ABC法检测植物镉金属污染

用不同浓度的氯化镉诱导黄瓜幼叶Cd—MT的产生，并应用Dot—ABC法检测了30种来自天水不同区域植物的MT含量，初步确定它们的重金属污染情况。结果表明，CA—MT浓度与环境诱导浓度呈显著正相关，Dot—ABC法检测的植物金属硫蛋白的最低含量为16mg，并初步估测了其中10种植物可能存在不同程度的重金属污染。本法具有特异、简便和灵敏的特点，可用于农产品镉金属污染的检测。     

Response of spinach and komatsuna to biogas effluent made from source-separated kitchen garbage

Recycling of kitchen garbage is an urgent task for reducing public spending and environmental burdens by incineration and/or landfill. There is an interesting regional effort in Ogawa, Saitama prefecture, Japan, in which source-separated kitchen garbage is anaerobically fermented with a biogas plant and the resultant effluent is used as a quick-release organic fertilizer by surrounding farmers. However, scientific assessments of fertilizer values and risks in the use of the effluent were lacking. Thus, a field experiment was conducted from 2003 to 2004 in Tohoku National Agricultural Research Center to grow spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey) for evaluating the fertilizer value of the kitchen garbage effluent (KGE), nitrate, coliform group (CG), Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci (FS), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations of KGE and in the soil and the plant leaves. A cattle manure effluent (CME) and chemical fertilizers (NPK) were used as controls. Total nitrogen (N) and ammonium N concentrations of the KGE were 1.47 and 1.46 g kg(-1), respectively. The bacteria tested were detected in both biogas effluents in the order of 2 to 3 log CFU g(-1), but there was little evidence that the biogas effluents increased these bacteria in the soil and the plant leaves. At the rate of 22 g N m(-2), yield, total N uptake, apparent N recovery rate, and leaf nitrate ion concentration at harvest of spinach and komatsuna in the KGE plot were mostly comparable to those in the NPK and CME plots. We conclude that the KGE is a quick-release N fertilizer comparable to chemical fertilizers and does not cause contamination of CG, E. coli, FS, or V. parahaemolyticus in the soil and spinach and komatsuna leaves.     

13种花卉植物受硫氧化物混合气体污染的伤害症状及其抗性表现

通过熏气的方法，比较了在硫氧化物混合污染气体的作用下，木本花卉（月季Rosa chinensis，杜鹃Rhododendron simsii，一品红Euphorbia pulcherrima，茉莉花Jasminum sambac），一、二年生花卉（一串红Salvia splendens，凤仙花Impatiens balsamina），宿根花卉（君子兰Clivia miniata），室内观叶植物（文竹Asparagus setacens，吊兰Chlorophytum comosum，沿阶草Ophiopogon bodinieri，朱蕉Cordyline fruticosa，吊竹梅Zebrina pendula，白斑万年青Dieffenbachia bowmannii）中13种花卉植物的叶片伤害症状及植物抗性表现，并对植物受害后的恢复情况进行了追踪观察。发现在同种污染气体的作用下，不同种类的植物表现出不同的伤害症状。植株不同叶龄的叶片对污染气体的敏感性存在一定的差异，幼龄叶不一定比中老龄叶敏感性强。当污染浓度不超过一定阈值时，花卉植物都有不同程度的恢复能力。利用“花卉植物叶片伤害评价系统”对试验植物叶片伤害症状进行了评价，依据评价结果，对试验植物进行了抗性分级。为保证对植物抗性等级划分的准确性，建议制定统一的熏气浓度标准和评价标准。     

The potential of epiphytic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria on legume leaves for attenuation of atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants

The leaves of two legumes, peas and beans, harbored on their surfaces up to 9×10? cells g?1 of oil-utilizing bacteria. Less numbers, up to 5×10? cells g?1 inhabited leaves of two nonlegume crops, namely tomato and sunflower. Older leaves accommodated more of such bacteria than younger ones. Plants raised in oily environments were colonized by much more oil-utilizing bacteria than those raised in pristine (oil-free) environments. Similar numbers were counted on the same media in which nitrogen salt was deleted, indicating that most phyllospheric bacteria were probably diazotrophic. Most dominant were Microbacterium spp. followed by Rhodococcus spp., Citrobacter freundii, in addition to several other minor species. The pure bacterial isolates could utilize leaf tissue hydrocarbons, and consume considerable proportions of crude oil, phenanthrene (an aromatic hydrocarbon) and n-octadecane (an alkane) in batch cultures. Bacterial consortia on fresh (but not on previously autoclaved) leaves of peas and beans could also consume substantial proportions of the surrounding volatile oil hydrocarbons in closed microcosms. It was concluded that phytoremediation through phyllosphere technology could be useful in remediating atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants.