2006年《环境技术》总目录

燮鳖{燮i渺彝缈臀醚髻缨缈夔________一夔缪)肇缈夔壑鳌_____鲤环境可命性电子元器件二次筛选及质量控制探讨标准论坛浅谈剧毒品使用企业危险源的控制环境规封与管理城市大气环境安全监测探讨沙河水库水质规划研究环境实验非金属材料的氮灯曝晒试验概述分光光度法测定大气气溶胶中铬润洁生产有机废水资源化技术一一发酵产氢硫化物生物氧化脱硫技术研究现状环境治理室内甲醛污染与控制潜流型人工湿地实现短程硝化友硝化的探讨影响电子束氨法烟气脱硫效率与硝化效率主要因素的分析高锰酸钾强化处理微污染水技术在黄河兰州段水资污染的应用科普…     

膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器处理链霉素有机废水

介绍了厌氧中温发酵条件下，用膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器日处理200吨链霉素有机废水的工业试验研究。     

金属离子对微生物燃料电池产电性能影响的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)在去除废水中有机污染物同时产生电力,因其具有效率高,能耗低,清洁环保的优点被各国学者广泛关注和研究。目前已有学者针对微生物燃料电池处理有机污染物的能力及其产电性能的大小进行了研究及综述,但废水中不仅含有有机物还含有多种金属离子,且金属离子对微生物的影响较大,进而影响微生物燃料电池的产电性能。目前针对金属离子存在阳极室时对产电性能影响及影响机制的综述较少。针对双室微生物燃料电池的阳极室,重点综述了金属离子对产电性能的影响,并分析了产生影响的机制,最后就前文的综述总结了提高产电性能的办法。展望今后得到更高效的提高微生物燃料电池能源产出的方法并实现金属废水和有机污染物同时处理的实际应用。     

高盐有机废水生物处理研究进展

近年来,随着工业的发展,大量排放的高盐高有机物废水对环境产生非常不利的影响.由于高盐对生物的抑制作用,主要采用物化方法处理,但由于其费用和能耗高,寻求其他方法处理高盐有机废水成为亟待解决的问题.近几十年,许多研究致力于生物法处理高盐有机废水.本文从盐度对生物系统的影响、高盐系统生物相特征、系统处理性能几方面对生物处理高盐有机废水研究现状进行了概述,并指出所面临的问题.     

土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物吸附作用研究

分析了钻井废水中有机污染物在土壤中吸附的机理,对吸附量和有机负荷的关系进行了阐述;针对钻井废水有机污染物在土壤中的吸附和解吸过程进行了实验研究。实验表明:钻井废水中有机污染物在土壤中的吸附量与土壤有机负荷的关系符合初始质量等温线;土壤中天然有机质含量越高,对钻井废水中有机污染物吸附能力越强;土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物具有一定的持久吸附作用;天然有机质含量越高的土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物的持久吸附能力越强。     

厌氧-好氧生物膜水处理技术

由中国航空工业总公司武汉仪表厂开发、中国航空工业第二集团公司推荐的厌氧一好氧生物膜水处理技术适用于印染、制革、制药、纤维板加工、食品、啤酒等高浓度有机废水和难生物降解有机废水治理及城市污水、小区生活污水处理。 主要技术内容 一、基本原理：采用厌氧一好氧工艺进行适当的工艺组合,在厌氧水解产酸段,使难降解有机物分解成易降解的小分子有机物,在厌氧反应器中利用容积负荷高、动力能耗低的特点,将有机负荷大幅度降低,再利用好氧生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水,使处理水达标排放。 二、技术关键：微生物菌剂的筛选、驯化…     

餐厨垃圾废水处理研究进展

餐厨垃圾废水是一种成分复杂、高有机污染、高氨氮,高油污染高但可生化性好的废水,随着全国垃圾分类不断推进,对餐厨垃圾处理过程中所产生的废水处理将对污水处理带来新的机遇和挑战,从废水处理工艺效果出发,重点介绍了适用于餐厨垃圾处理过程中所产废水的物理法、化学法、物理化学法、土地处理法、生物处理法及多种方法的联合工艺以及各工艺的优缺点等。     

一株纤维素分解菌利用枳实废渣产酶条件的研究

以枳实废渣为碳源,对产纤维素酶G2菌进行固体发酵,通过测定FPA、CMC、C1酶活的大小,对其产酶条件进行优化研究.结果表明产酶最适条件为:枳实在发酵前需进行酸处理;氮源为硫酸铵;含水率为70%;初始pH为5～6;发酵周期为6天.在以上最适条件下,G2菌酶活力为FPA:31.8 IU/ml,CMC:11.86 IU/ml,C1:15.79 IU/ml.     

菜油碱炼废水理化性质的初步研究

在菜油精炼过程中要排放较大量的炼碱废水,对环境造成污染。我们应成都油厂要求,将碱炼废水作沼气发酵试验,其目标是COD去除率60—80％,产生沼气作部份能源。通过七个月左右的沼气发酵实验,证明这种高浓度的碱炼废水,从沼气发酵欲获能源是不合算的,为了对其处理提出意见,我们对其理化性质进行了初步研究,现将结果介绍如下:     

印染废水处理技术难点浅析

印染废水是一种有机物含量高、色度高、生化性能差的难降解有机废水,本文结合我国印染行业及其废水处理技术实际情况,综合讨论了目前印染废水处理技术中COD难以降低和高色度废水难以脱色的两大难点.     

Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent as wastewater treatment and hydrogen production using electrode aluminum

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is highly polluting wastewater generated from the palm oil milling process. Palm oil mill effluent was used as an electrolyte without any additive or pretreatment to perform electrocoagulation (EC) using electricity (direct current) ranging from 2 to 4 volts in the presence of aluminum electrodes with a reactor volume of 20 L. The production of hydrogen gas, removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity as a result of electrocoagulation of POME were determined. The results show that EC can reduce the COD and turbidity of POME by 57 and 62%, respectively, in addition to the 42% hydrogen production. Hydrogen production was also helpful to remove the lighter suspended solids toward the surface. The production of Al(OH)XHO at the aluminum electrode (anode) was responsible for the flocculation-coagulation process of suspended solids followed by sedimentation under gravity. The production of hydrogen gas from POME during EC was also compared with hydrogen gas production by electrolysis of tap water at pH 4 and tap water without pH adjustment under the same conditions. The main advantage of this study is to produce hydrogen gas while treating POME with EC to reduce COD and turbidity effectively.     

Bio-Hydrogen Synthesis from Wastewater by Anaerobic Fermentation Using Microflora

Biological hydrogen production was investigated using biomass in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and artificial wastewater containing 10g glucose under anaerobic fermentation in a batch process. Activated POME sludge and different types of composts were collected as sources of inocula for the study. The anaerobic microflora was found to yield significant amounts of hydrogen. The experimental results show that the gas composition contained hydrogen (66–68%) and carbon dioxide (32–34%). Through out the study, methane gas was not observed in the evolved gas. The hydrogen production was accompanied with the formation of acetate and butyrate. Furthermore, the cumulative hydrogen data were fitted to a simple model developed from Gompertz Equation, where the lag phase time, hydrogen production potential and hydrogen production rate at various conditions were quantitatively estimated.     

Biohydrogen production from starch in wastewater under thermophilic condition

Batch experiments were conducted to convert starch in wastewater into hydrogen at 55 degrees C at various wastewater pH (4.0-9.0) and starch concentrations (9.2-36.6 g/l). The maximum hydrogen yield of 92 ml/g of starch added (17% of the theoretical value) was found at wastewater pH 6.0, and the maximum specific hydrogen production rate of 365 ml/(g-VSS.d) was at wastewater pH 7.0. The methane-free biogas contained up to 60% of hydrogen. The mixed liquor was composed mostly of acetate (40.2-53.4%) and butyrate (26.0-40.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences of the 72 clones developed from the sludge at pH 6.0 shows that 85.7% of the clones were closely affiliated with genus Thermoanaerobacterium in family Thermoanaerobacteriaceae; the remaining 14.3% were with an uncultured Saccharococcus sp. clone ETV-T2.     

Biomass production for bioenergy using recycled wastewater in a natural waste treatment system

Bioenergy production from biomass is proposed as a method to solve part of the nation's energy problem. However, biomass and bioenergy production is questioned as an environment-friendly approach due to the potential increase of water pollution and the potential decrease of available water resource. A conceptual model of an integrated natural waste treatment system that produces biogas and biomass for bioenergy, treat waste and wastewater, conserve fresh water, and decrease the potential water pollution is presented. The potential biomass production from water hyacinth, duckweed, cattail, and knotgrass was investigated using recycling wastewater from an integrated natural waste treatment system from 2005 to 2008. Although the biomass production from recycling wastewater was not controlled for maximum production, this research identified the large potential impact that could be made if these systems were implemented. The overall average water hyacinth growth rate was high to 0.297 kg wet wt./m²/day during a research period of over 500 days, including both the active and non-active growing seasons. The average daily growth rates of duckweed, cattail, and knotgrass were 0.099-0.127, 0.015, and 0.018 kg wet wt./m², respectively. This research illustrated that water hyacinth was a more promising aquatic plant biomass for bioenergy production when wastewater effluent was recycled as water and nutrient sources from an integrated natural waste treatment system.     

Effects of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex on hydrogen production by fermentative microbes

The redox state of carbon sources directly affected the ratio of NADH/NAD⁺ which was coupled to the hydrogen production by Bacillus sp. FS2011. The addition of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDHc)E1 could regulate hydrogen production by FS2011 or pretreated compost in batch cultivation. With the addition of appropriate amount of inhibitor, hydrogen production via the NADH pathway was increased, leading to the higher overall hydrogen production. The maximum hydrogen yields of 307.6 ± 13.21 mL/g by FS2011 with the inhibitor of 80 ppm and 362.1 ± 10.1 mL/g by pretreated compost with the inhibitor of 60 ppm were observed, which were increased by 8.7% and 17.8% compared with the controls, respectively. Meanwhile the production of soluble metabolic byproducts such as butyrate, acetate and so on were decreased, resulting in reducing the difficulty of wastewater treatment.     

油田作业废水高效处理技术中试研究

文章根据新疆油田作业废水特征及油田地处干旱区的地理特点,结合国内外含聚合物污水处理的技术现状,以及油田连续生产稳定运行的要求,在含油污水处理技术的基础上,开展了作业废水处理关键技术研究和工艺优化,采用了"隔油—絮凝气浮—深层过滤"技术。中试试验结果表明:处理后废水COD_(Cr)、石油类、SS可分别由680 mg/L、98.6 mg/L、56.2 mg/L降至98.8 mg/L、5.4 mg/L、4.5 mg/L,去除率分别为85.5%、94.5%、92.0%。     

含油污水乳化液微波分离实验研究

针对油气田乳化含油污水难分离的特点,利用微波技术进行的实验室研究结果表明,微波辐照温度与其后的静置时间都是影响其破乳率的重要因素,其分离效果随微波辐照后温度的增高而加强,而且在相同温度下乳液破乳率随静置时间加长而迅速增高。研究结果证实,微波辐射技术具有时间短、能耗少、效率高等特点,且经过微波处理后的含油污水易于进行油品回收再利用,有良好的应用前景。     

聚丙烯工业废水排放的治理措施

在利用间歇式液相本体法工艺生产聚丙烯时,易产生大量废水,包括闪蒸水环真空泵排放水、聚合釜轴封冷却水排放水、聚合升温用热水罐溢流水等。应最大限度地减少废水的排放量。已经采取的废水减排措施包括:对于真空泵逐渐调小供水量(即减少了排放量);将轴封冷却水收回重复利用;维持热水罐的水位稳定,避免产生溢流。采取上述措施在满足生产要求的同时,最大限度地减少了废水排放量。     

COREX废水处理设计

COREX是一种炼铁新工艺,COREX3000已经在宝钢正式投产。COREX在生产过程中产生的大量废水需要排至厂区废水管网,但其水质无法满足厂区生产废水管网的纳管标准。本文就COREX废水处理的具体内容和方法进行了初步的分析和探讨,可作为相似工程中设计的借鉴和参考。     

印制线路板废水处理工艺浅析

文章介绍了某企业的印制线路板废水处理工艺技术。由于废水的成分受生产线使用的各种配方药剂的影响，成分复杂多变，实施了分类收集，对不同生产过程的废水进行不同的预处理后再进行综合处理。工程实践表明，采用该工艺路线处理后的印制线路板废水出水水质达到了《广东省水污染物排放限值》（DB44／26--2001）一级标准，而且系统自动化程度高，操作方便，出水稳定。