玉.玉文化.旅游

开发旅游新产品，是促进我国旅游业不断迈上新台阶需要研究解决的问题之一。本文通过作者实施踏勘和检索有关文献，阐述了玉的种类及其主要产地的状况，并揭示它新蕴涵的文化内容。     

Global Marine Protection Targets: How S.M.A.R.T are They?

Global marine protection targets have been criticised for being ecologically irrelevant and often inadequate. However, they may also provide motivation for conservation action. However, no such targets have yet been met, and the health of the marine environment has continued to deteriorate. The Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recently adopted a new marine protection target, in October, 2010. As such, it is timely to critically assess the potential role of this and other global marine protection targets in conservation and marine resource management. Three targets adopted in the past ten years were assessed using the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timebound) framework. This assessment showed that the targets appear to have evolved to have become ‘SMARTer’ over time, particularly more Specific. The most recent CBD target also appears to be more Achievable than earlier targets. Three broad issues emerged that can inform the potential role, limitations, and challenges associated with global-scale marine protection targets: (i) that SMART target formulation, implementation, monitoring, and revision, is critically underpinned by relevant data and information; (ii) that perceived irrelevance of global targets may be at least partly due to a mismatch between the scale at which the targets were intended to operate, and the scale at which they have sometimes been assessed; and (iii) the primary role of global-scale targets may indeed be psychological rather than ecological. Recent progress indicates some success in this role, which could be built on with further ‘SMARTening’ of targets.     

生态建设示范区——区域性经济.社会.生态持续.稳定与协调发展的重要途径

一、区域性生态示范区的研究与建设是实现可持续发展的重要途径《中国21世纪议程》指出：中国可持续发展是建立在资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境基础上，国家保护整个生命支持系统和生态环境的完整性，保护生物多样性；解决水上流失和荒漠化等重大生态环境问题；保护自然资源。保持资源的可持续供给能力，避免侵害脆弱的生态系统；发展森林和改善城乡生态环境……。作为一个拥有12亿人口的最大的发展中国家．由于历史与现实的种种原因，自然资源破坏、环境污染和生态环境恶化等问题都十分突出，在这种形势下‘中央一再强调．应在大力发展…     

sis. Methods The cast-off

02.227～232 [9]HongXiaochun.Distributionsoftwelvelimitcyclesinthecubic Hamiltoniansystemswithperturbedterm[J].JournalofBaoji CollegeofArtsandScience(NaturalScience).2002,22(2):109～112(inChinese)(洪晓春.受扰动的三次Hamilton系统中12个极限环的分布情况[J]     

Does The World Need U.S. Farmers Even If Americans Don’t?

We consider the implications of trends in the number of U.S. farmers and food imports on the question of what role U.S. farmers have in an increasingly global agrifood system. Our discussion stems from the argument some scholars have made that American consumers can import their food more cheaply from other countries than it can produce it. We consider the distinction between U.S. farmers and agriculture and the effect of the U.S. food footprint on developing nations to argue there might be an important role for U.S. farmers, even if it appears Americans don’t need them. For instance, we may need to protect U.S. farmland and, by implication, U.S. farmers, for future food security needs both domestic and international. We also explore the role of U.S. farmers by considering the question of whether food is a privilege or a right. Although Americans seem to accept that food is a privilege, many scholars and commentators argue that, at least on a global scale, food is a right, particularly for the world’s poor and hungry. If this is the case, then U.S. farmers might have a role in meeting the associated obligation to ensure that the poor of the world have enough food to eat. We look at the consequences of determining that food is a right versus a privilege and the implications of that decision for agricultural subsidies as well as U.S. agriculture and nutrition policies.     

国家环境保护总局.科学技术部.国家机械工业局联合发布《机动车排放污染防治技术政策》的通知

国家环保总局、科学技术部、国家机械工业局,日前以环发〔１９９９〕１３４号文,联合发布《机动车排放污染防治技术政策》的通知,《通知》全文如下：各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护局、科委、机械厅（局）：为贯彻《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》,保护大气环境,防治...     

Do mitigation strategies reduce global warming potential in the northern U.S. corn belt?

Agricultural management practices that enhance C sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas emission (nitrous oxide [N?O], methane [CH?], and carbon dioxide [CO?]), and promote productivity are needed to mitigate global warming without sacrificing food production. The objectives of the study were to compare productivity, greenhouse gas emission, and change in soil C over time and to assess whether global warming potential and global warming potential per unit biomass produced were reduced through combined mitigation strategies when implemented in the northern U.S. Corn Belt. The systems compared were (i) business as usual (BAU); (ii) maximum C sequestration (MAXC); and (iii) optimum greenhouse gas benefit (OGGB). Biomass production, greenhouse gas flux change in total and organic soil C, and global warming potential were compared among the three systems. Soil organic C accumulated only in the surface 0 to 5 cm. Three-year average emission of N?O and CH was similar among all management systems. When integrated from planting to planting, N?O emission was similar for MAXC and OGGB systems, although only MAXC was fertilized. Overall, the three systems had similar global warming potential based on 4-yr changes in soil organic C, but average rotation biomass was less in the OGGB systems. Global warming potential per dry crop yield was the least for the MAXC system and the most for OGGB system. This suggests management practices designed to reduce global warming potential can be achieved without a loss of productivity. For example, MAXC systems over time may provide sufficient soil C sequestration to offset associated greenhouse gas emission.     

“New roads – new goals. Positions of feminist planning”. Frei.Räume no. 10, edited by the German FOPA (feminist organisation of (female) planners and architects) in 1998

This Translations contribution presents the 10th issue of the series Frei.Räume (in English: Free spaces), edited by the German Feminist Organisation of (female) Planners and Architects (FOPA) in 1998. The issue was titled “New roads – new goals. Positions of feminist planning” and reflected the contemporary discussions on the state of the art of feminism, gender and planning. While progress was recognized, many authors felt uncomfortable with the ways that feminist concerns had been implemented into planning, and they were looking for ways forward. Among the authors were the most important protagonists of the debates at the time. Looking at the issue today, it becomes clear that many concerns are as up to date as they were in the late 1990s, although circumstances have changed. The paper argues that it is worthwhile to pay attention to these feminist debates in order to develop future strategies for feminism in planning.     

How effective are current household recycling policies? Results from a national survey of U.S. households

This paper analyzes a unique dataset collected during a 2006 national survey of U.S. households to explore the effectiveness of common household recycling policies for metals, glass, and plastics: curbside recycling, drop-off recycling, deposit–refund systems (bottle bills), and marginal pricing for household waste. After estimating either generalized ordered logit or multinomial logit models, we find that the most important determinants of household recycling are people's attitudes toward recycling. Our results also suggest that omitting internal variables (perceived recycling obstacles and benefits as well as moral considerations) may bias policy coefficients. Socio-economic variables are typically not statistically significant, with the exceptions of young adults and of African Americans who tend to recycle less than others. Policies with the largest odds ratios are curbside recycling (which is further strengthened if recycling is mandatory), followed by the presence of drop-off collection centers nearby. Bottle bills are also statistically significant but their odds ratios are smaller, possibly because refunds are relatively small and typically do not change for years. Finally, marginal pricing appears to have a limited impact on recycling. These results suggest avenues for improving household recycling at a time when recycling rates appear to be plateauing.     

国标《应用环境条件.运输》的编制

编制《运输环境条件》国标,是一项量大面广、十分艰巨的任务,动员力量之多,测试规模之大,均属罕见。在全国许多部门和不计其数的同志们的大力支持下,编制组不辞辛劳,顶烈日,战恶浪,长年奔波,克服重重困难,终于较出色地完成了任务。在1983年10于南京举行的环标委第五次年会上,编制组作了汇报,使与会代表深受感动。现将发言稿转载于此,以飨读者。     

思前、食后、厉行节约(Think.Eat.Save.)——2013年世界环境日主题

联合国环境规划署将2013年世界环境日的主题确定为:思前、食后、厉行节约(Think.Eat.Save.)。"思前、食后、厉行节约"是一个反浪费食物和食物损失活动,鼓励你减少耗粮足迹。据联合国粮食和农业组织(粮农组织)的调查,每年有     

用vb.net开发电子阅览室机位分配系统

电子阅览室在使用新的一卡通系统后，针对一卡通软件某些方面的不足，采用vb．net开发了机位分配系统。本文对vb与vb．net两种开发工具以及它们的区别和该软件的一些新功能进行了讨论，并列出了程序中的部分源代码。     

“净.污分流——转化”水环境工程模式

本文强调优质水域保护和城郊水环境整治。提出：模拟人体血液循环的动脉与静脉功能,将河道改造成清洁水源和纳污渠道两个子系统,并选择适当地段,将污水转化为净水,形成大区域良性水循环系统。