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1.
蔡河山  徐文彬  曾敏 《环境技术》2004,22(4):23-24,28
介绍光催化氧化的基本原理及其对有机物的光催化氧化过程,对二氧化钛光催化氧化法处理有机废水的实验实例进行了分析,提出了提高二氧化钛光催化氧化活性的方法和研究趋势。  相似文献   

2.
有机废气治理技术的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
易灵 《四川环境》2011,(5):103-107
有机废气治理问题是当前废气处理的难点问题之一。本文首先介绍了几类传统有机废气处理技术的发展现状,包括吸附法、吸收法、催化氧化法、生物处理法等。对这几类有机废气治理技术的应用机理、适用范围以及现存问题进行了综合地比较与分析。最后,对于近年来出现的几类新型有机废气处理技术,如膜分离法、光催化氧化法、综合处理法的发展前景进行了一定的展望并列举了几类新技术的工程应用实例。  相似文献   

3.
TiO2光催化法处理难降解废水的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李金环  张敏  康万利 《四川环境》2008,27(1):96-101
以TiO2为催化剂,催化氧化法处理污水是近年来兴起的一种现代水处理技术,本文介绍了提高TiO2光催化剂催化效率,及对催化剂进行改性的方法,主要的手段主要有以下几个方面:减小催化剂尺寸、沉积贵金属、掺杂金属离子、光催化剂负载化、半导体复合等。介绍了国内外近年来有关多相光催化反应中光催化反应器设计与研究的进展情况。  相似文献   

4.
超声波、电场和光催化协同降解有机污染物的研究现状   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
汤红妍  罗亚田  徐昌伟 《四川环境》2005,24(1):65-67,118
以自由基反应为主的高级氧化工艺是处理有机污染物的新型技术,具有良好的拓展和应用环境。超声氧化、电化学氧化工艺和紫外光催化工艺都属于高级氧化工艺,许多研究者发现单独使用这些工艺降解有机污染物效果不够理想,更有效的方法是联合使用。本文系统地介绍了超声波和光催化、光催化和电场、超声波和电场协同降解有机污染物的机理和研究现状。  相似文献   

5.
庞建峰  李建 《四川环境》2010,29(6):122-126
Fenton氧化法在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势,是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。在阐述传统Fenton氧化、光Fenton氧化、电Fenton氧化技术的基础上,介绍了三种氧化技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用现状,并对其在废水处理中的优势、存在问题和研究方向作出了系统评述。  相似文献   

6.
探讨了BiVO_4-BiIO_3光催化剂(BVBI)降解水体中有机污染物(甲基橙为模拟污染物)过程中,体系中的助剂三氟乙酸(TFA)的促进效果及理论机理。实验结果表明,TFA可明显提高光催化降解甲基橙的效率:反应0.5 h后加入0.25 m L TFA后降解率达到92.58%,而不加TFA降解率仅为25.50%。借助电化学分析与自由基捕获实验,我们推测TFA的助催化机理在于其有效地捕获催化剂的光生空穴(h+),促进其与光生电子(e-)的分离,提高e-利用率从而提高催化降解有机物的能力。首次利用TFA为光生空穴h+的捕获剂以提高光催化反应效率,研究成果可为光催化助剂高效降解水体中有机污染物的相关研究提供有益的借鉴。  相似文献   

7.
光催化氧化处理难降解污水的应用前景   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
随着工业的不断发展,环境污染日益严重,传统水处理工艺中的物理、生物方法不能满足水处理的需要。将光催化氧化法应用于气相和水相中一些难降解污染物的治理,研究结果表明,催化剂的选择、反应器的设计和对降解条件的优化是提高污染物光催化降解效率的关键因素。半导体光催化技术具有高稳定性、耐腐蚀、无毒的特点,在处理过程中不产生二次污染,有机污染物能被彻底无机化,因而这是一种洁净的处理技术。光催化技术为彻底解决水污染问题提供了新的手段,它在环境污染治理中有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
在阐述金属-有机框架材料(MOFs)特性的基础上,介绍了近年来MOFs光催化降解染料、药物分子以及苯酚类典型的有机污染物的最新进展,合理调控MOFs的结构是有效提高其光催化性能的途径之一。将金属或非金属离子掺杂到MOFs中,或将MOFs负载到碳纳米材料上,可扩展其光响应区域,从而增强其对有机物光降解的催化活性。同时,还对MOFs光催化剂今后的发展前景进行了展望,选择适当的无机光敏纳米材料与MOFs掺杂,可以有效提高MOFs的光催化剂活性,有较大的发展空间。  相似文献   

9.
《中国环保产业》2005,(11):48-48
由北京市京圃园生物工程有限公司开发的有机废弃物微生物发酵生产生物有机肥技术,适用于有机固体废弃物的处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理利用微生物在自然界的分解作用,将有机废弃物经微生物发酵、除臭和腐熟后,加工成可用于有机农产品生产的优质肥料。使有机废弃物的处理和利用进入生物链,实现物质的良性循环。采用槽式好氧发酵工艺进行有机废弃物的处理,利用微生物发酵剂的功能,使畜禽粪便等有机废物能快速除臭、腐熟。二、技术关键1.选用恰当的菌种,生产出菌种之间相互不产生拮抗的复合的菌曲,应用到有机废物的发酵过程中,在24h内使发酵…  相似文献   

10.
利用超声强化溶胶-凝胶法制备了La掺杂TiO2/有机改性膨润土复合光催化材料并进行了结构表征;以弹药废水中主要污染物质TNT作为目标物,考察了影响光催化降解性能的因素.结果表明:有机改性后复合材料的吸附性能和光催化性能均有所增加,对TNT的60min的吸附去除率和光催化降解率分别达到9.68%和94.53%;影响TNT光催化降解率的因素有光照时间、催化剂用量、TNT初始浓度、溶液pH值和光照强度.  相似文献   

11.
对炼化企业和储油库企业有机液体装载油气回收技术路线开展了调查分析,从设计气量和浓度、现场监测、技术路线对比等方面对装载油气回收技术进行了评估,指出存在的问题并对技术路线分三类提出了选择建议;通过减排效益分析,提出油气回收可实现全成本微盈利,对企业具有环保和经济双赢效益。  相似文献   

12.
Soil organic C (SOC) content can increase by managing land use practices in which the rates of organic C input exceed those of organic C mineralization. Understanding the changes in SOC content of Black soils (mainly Typic Halpudoll) in northeast China is necessary for sustainable using of soil resources there. We used the RothC model to estimate SOC levels of Black soils under monoculture cropping corn in a long-term fertilization trial at Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China. The model outputs for the changes in SOC were compared with measured data in this long-term fertilization/manure trial. The sound performance of model in simulating SOC changes suggests that RothC is feasible with Black soils in the temperate climatic region of northeast China. The modeled and measured results indicated that the treatment without fertilizer/farmyard manure (FYM) addition led to a continuous decline in SOC during the study period and N and NPK fertilization were inadequate to maintain the SOC levels in the plow layer (upper 20 cm) unless FYM was added under the current conventional management associated with no above-ground crop residues returning into the soil. Soil organic carbon could follow the same path of decline if the same management practices are maintained. Model results indicate that returning above-ground crop residues to the soil from 2002 to 2022 would increase SOC by 26% for the treatment without fertilization addition, 40% for N treatment, 45% for NPK treatment, and 38% and 46% for N and NPK treatments with FYM addition, compared to the levels in the corresponding treatments in 2002. The simulation results suggest that the RothC model is a feasible tool to assess SOC trend under different management practices, and returning above-ground crop residues into the soil would lead to a remarkable increase in SOC of Black soils in the region.  相似文献   

13.
太阳辐射是引起有机涂层老化的最主要原因。由于高原拉萨地区的太阳辐射年总量比内地同纬度高出约一倍,分别将3种同基材同镀层但不同底漆和面漆的6类常用防护涂层在高原气候条件下自然暴露试验一年。经过对比,能较快速优选出性能相对稳定的涂层。  相似文献   

14.
The Ethical Contract as a Tool in Organic Animal Husbandry   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
This article explores what an ethicfor organic animal husbandry might look like,departing from the assumption that organicfarming is substantially based in ecocentricethics. We argue that farm animals arenecessary functional partners in sustainableagroecosystems. This opens up additional waysto argue for their moral standing. We suggestan ethical contract to be used as acomplementary to the ecocentric framework. Weexpound the content of the contract and end bysuggesting how to apply this contract inpractice. The contract enjoins us to share thewealth created in the agroecosystem (by ourjoint contributions) by enjoining us to carefor the welfare and needs of the individualanimal, and to protect them from exploitation(just as human co-workers should not beexploited). The contract makes promoting goodanimal welfare a necessary condition forbenefiting farm animals. Animals for their partare guaranteed coverage under the contract solong as they continue to contribute to thesystem with products and services.  相似文献   

15.
The concept of animal welfare refersto the animal's quality of life. The choice ofdefinition always reflects some basicvaluation. This makes a particular conceptionof welfare value-dependent. Also, the animalhusbandry system reflects certain values oraims. The values reflected in the chosenconception of animal welfare ought tocorrespond to values aimed for in the husbandrysystem. The IFOAM Basic Standards and otherwritings dealing with organic animal husbandryshould be taken as a departure point for adiscussion of how to interpret the conceptionof welfare in organic farming systems. Theconception of welfare is related to two corevalues in the organic agriculture movement.These core values should be considered in termsof (1) aim for holistic view and (2) aim forsustainability. A third, implicit core value,based on bio- and ecocentric views: (3) respectfor nature is needed as a supplement to thesetwo core values. There are importantimplications of these core values for an``organic' conception of animal welfare and forconfronting two dilemmas due to conflictinginterests. Comparisons among the three commonlyused welfare definitions will show thesuperiority of the third approach, which canprovide an outline for a conception of animalwelfare more suitable for organic farmingsystems. This outline combines a holisticecocentric approach with respect for theindividual animal, and it can be used as thebasis for a complex definition with emphasis onnatural behavior. Such a systemic approachconsiders welfare in relation to differentsystemic levels. The systemic view also offerspossibilities for resolving the dilemmas in newways.  相似文献   

16.
A questionnaire study was performed among Swedish organic livestock farmers to determine their view of animal welfare and other ethical issues in animal production. The questionnaire was sent to 56.5% of the target group and the response rate was 75.6%. A principal components analysis (exploratory factor analysis) was performed to get a more manageable data set. A matrix of intercorrelations between all pairs of factors was computed. The factors were then entered into a series of multiple regression models to explain five dependent variables. Respondents were well educated and had long experience of farming. 81% were full-time farmers. They generally had a very positive attitude towards organic animal husbandry. They considered allowing animals their natural behavior a central aim, which is in accordance with organic philosophy. Farmers tended to be less approving of concepts like animal rights, dignity, and intrinsic value. When analyzing correlations between the factors, two groups of farmers emerged that were only partially correlated, representing different attitudes and behavioral dispositions. These may be interpreted as two subpopulations of organic livestock farmers in Sweden: those who saw organic farming as a lifestyle (``pioneer attitude') and entrepreneurs, who considered making money and new challenges more important. Their view of animal welfare differed. While the pioneers considered natural behavior a key issue, this was less important to the entrepreneurs, who also had a more approving attitude towards invasive operations such as castration and were more critical of the organic standards.  相似文献   

17.
膜生物反应器在有机废水处理中的研究新进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
黄亮  王定勇 《四川环境》2003,22(4):35-37
介绍了我国近年来利用膜生物反应器处理有机废水的研究成果,并对膜生物反应器用于有机废水生物处理的前景及存在的问题进行评述。  相似文献   

18.
This study examines the specificvalues held by consumers towards organic andconventionally produced meat, with particularreference to moral issues surrounding foodanimal production. A quota sample of 30 femalesfrom both a rural and an urban area of Scotland(UK), were interviewed. Overall, there was lowcommitment towards the purchase of organicmeats and little concern for ethical issues.Price and product appearance were the primarymeat selection criteria, the latter being usedas a predictor of eating quality. Manyattitude-behavior anomalies were identified,mainly as a result of respondents' cognitivedissonance and lack of understanding regardingmeat production criteria underpinning meatquality marks, e.g., Soil Association label.Responsibilities for ethical issues appeared tobe delegated by the consumer to the meatretailer or government. This raises issuesabout educating consumers and bringingconsumers closer to understanding meatproduction systems. A conceptual framework isproposed that illustrates the significance ofconsumer involvement in how meat-purchasingdecisions are approached in terms of theevaluation of tangible and or intangiblequality attributes. The results also point tothe need for further research into thoseaspects of quality that individuals tend toaddress at the level of the citizen (law),rather than at the point of purchase.  相似文献   

19.
分子印迹技术(MolecularImprintingTechnique,NIT)是一种新型的识别技术,其核心是制备对目标分子具有高度识别的分子印迹聚合物(MolecularlyImprintedPolymers,MIPs)。MIPs具有特异选择性、稳定性等特点,为分离和去除环境中的痕量有机物提供有效的途径。文章综述了MIT在痕量环境有机物的分析、检测和处理中的研究进展,并对存在的问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

20.
Contemporary analysis of the food sector has failed convincingly to link production to consumption, and it has not provided a sociological account of such links. This paper makes a provisional attempt to begin such an analysis and does so by examining the case of the market for organic food in Tuscany. It proposes that the ‘pioneers’ of organics in this region constituted a new food movement that succeeded in opening up a new market. However, this market could only be successfully expanded once other actors were enrolled in the market-making process, notably state agencies and supermarkets. The regional government, through new regulations and specific initiatives, integrated organic foods into rural development policy, thereby assisting producers in the process of conversion. Supermarkets co-operated in the implementation of these policies and made space for Tuscan organic products in their stores. So while the ‘pioneers’ began the process of market building, these later entrants were crucial to the stabilization and expansion of the organic sector in Tuscany. Thus, it can be concluded that the emergence of these new ‘markets’ for nature can only be adequately explained by analysing the full range of actors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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