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有机废气治理技术的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
有机废气治理问题是当前废气处理的难点问题之一。本文首先介绍了几类传统有机废气处理技术的发展现状,包括吸附法、吸收法、催化氧化法、生物处理法等。对这几类有机废气治理技术的应用机理、适用范围以及现存问题进行了综合地比较与分析。最后,对于近年来出现的几类新型有机废气处理技术,如膜分离法、光催化氧化法、综合处理法的发展前景进行了一定的展望并列举了几类新技术的工程应用实例。 相似文献
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Fenton氧化法在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势,是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。在阐述传统Fenton氧化、光Fenton氧化、电Fenton氧化技术的基础上,介绍了三种氧化技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用现状,并对其在废水处理中的优势、存在问题和研究方向作出了系统评述。 相似文献
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《四川环境》2016,(6)
探讨了BiVO_4-BiIO_3光催化剂(BVBI)降解水体中有机污染物(甲基橙为模拟污染物)过程中,体系中的助剂三氟乙酸(TFA)的促进效果及理论机理。实验结果表明,TFA可明显提高光催化降解甲基橙的效率:反应0.5 h后加入0.25 m L TFA后降解率达到92.58%,而不加TFA降解率仅为25.50%。借助电化学分析与自由基捕获实验,我们推测TFA的助催化机理在于其有效地捕获催化剂的光生空穴(h+),促进其与光生电子(e-)的分离,提高e-利用率从而提高催化降解有机物的能力。首次利用TFA为光生空穴h+的捕获剂以提高光催化反应效率,研究成果可为光催化助剂高效降解水体中有机污染物的相关研究提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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光催化氧化处理难降解污水的应用前景 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
随着工业的不断发展,环境污染日益严重,传统水处理工艺中的物理、生物方法不能满足水处理的需要。将光催化氧化法应用于气相和水相中一些难降解污染物的治理,研究结果表明,催化剂的选择、反应器的设计和对降解条件的优化是提高污染物光催化降解效率的关键因素。半导体光催化技术具有高稳定性、耐腐蚀、无毒的特点,在处理过程中不产生二次污染,有机污染物能被彻底无机化,因而这是一种洁净的处理技术。光催化技术为彻底解决水污染问题提供了新的手段,它在环境污染治理中有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2018,(5)
在阐述金属-有机框架材料(MOFs)特性的基础上,介绍了近年来MOFs光催化降解染料、药物分子以及苯酚类典型的有机污染物的最新进展,合理调控MOFs的结构是有效提高其光催化性能的途径之一。将金属或非金属离子掺杂到MOFs中,或将MOFs负载到碳纳米材料上,可扩展其光响应区域,从而增强其对有机物光降解的催化活性。同时,还对MOFs光催化剂今后的发展前景进行了展望,选择适当的无机光敏纳米材料与MOFs掺杂,可以有效提高MOFs的光催化剂活性,有较大的发展空间。 相似文献
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Long-Term Effects of Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Changes in Continuous Corn of Northeast China: RothC Model Simulations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Soil organic C (SOC) content can increase by managing land use practices in which the rates of organic C input exceed those of organic C mineralization. Understanding the changes in SOC content of Black soils (mainly Typic Halpudoll) in northeast China is necessary for sustainable using of soil resources there. We used the RothC model to estimate SOC levels of Black soils under monoculture cropping corn in a long-term fertilization trial at Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China. The model outputs for the changes in SOC were compared with measured data in this long-term fertilization/manure trial. The sound performance of model in simulating SOC changes suggests that RothC is feasible with Black soils in the temperate climatic region of northeast China. The modeled and measured results indicated that the treatment without fertilizer/farmyard manure (FYM) addition led to a continuous decline in SOC during the study period and N and NPK fertilization were inadequate to maintain the SOC levels in the plow layer (upper 20 cm) unless FYM was added under the current conventional management associated with no above-ground crop residues returning into the soil. Soil organic carbon could follow the same path of decline if the same management practices are maintained. Model results indicate that returning above-ground crop residues to the soil from 2002 to 2022 would increase SOC by 26% for the treatment without fertilization addition, 40% for N treatment, 45% for NPK treatment, and 38% and 46% for N and NPK treatments with FYM addition, compared to the levels in the corresponding treatments in 2002. The simulation results suggest that the RothC model is a feasible tool to assess SOC trend under different management practices, and returning above-ground crop residues into the soil would lead to a remarkable increase in SOC of Black soils in the region. 相似文献
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The Ethical Contract as a Tool in Organic Animal Husbandry 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
Vonne Lund Raymond Anthony Helena Röcklinsberg 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2004,17(1):23-49
This article explores what an ethicfor organic animal husbandry might look like,departing from the assumption that organicfarming is substantially based in ecocentricethics. We argue that farm animals arenecessary functional partners in sustainableagroecosystems. This opens up additional waysto argue for their moral standing. We suggestan ethical contract to be used as acomplementary to the ecocentric framework. Weexpound the content of the contract and end bysuggesting how to apply this contract inpractice. The contract enjoins us to share thewealth created in the agroecosystem (by ourjoint contributions) by enjoining us to carefor the welfare and needs of the individualanimal, and to protect them from exploitation(just as human co-workers should not beexploited). The contract makes promoting goodanimal welfare a necessary condition forbenefiting farm animals. Animals for their partare guaranteed coverage under the contract solong as they continue to contribute to thesystem with products and services. 相似文献
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The concept of animal welfare refersto the animal's quality of life. The choice ofdefinition always reflects some basicvaluation. This makes a particular conceptionof welfare value-dependent. Also, the animalhusbandry system reflects certain values oraims. The values reflected in the chosenconception of animal welfare ought tocorrespond to values aimed for in the husbandrysystem. The IFOAM Basic Standards and otherwritings dealing with organic animal husbandryshould be taken as a departure point for adiscussion of how to interpret the conceptionof welfare in organic farming systems. Theconception of welfare is related to two corevalues in the organic agriculture movement.These core values should be considered in termsof (1) aim for holistic view and (2) aim forsustainability. A third, implicit core value,based on bio- and ecocentric views: (3) respectfor nature is needed as a supplement to thesetwo core values. There are importantimplications of these core values for an``organic' conception of animal welfare and forconfronting two dilemmas due to conflictinginterests. Comparisons among the three commonlyused welfare definitions will show thesuperiority of the third approach, which canprovide an outline for a conception of animalwelfare more suitable for organic farmingsystems. This outline combines a holisticecocentric approach with respect for theindividual animal, and it can be used as thebasis for a complex definition with emphasis onnatural behavior. Such a systemic approachconsiders welfare in relation to differentsystemic levels. The systemic view also offerspossibilities for resolving the dilemmas in newways. 相似文献
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Vonne Lund Sven Hemlin James White 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2004,17(2):157-179
A questionnaire study was performed among Swedish organic livestock farmers to determine their view of animal welfare and other ethical issues in animal production. The questionnaire was sent to 56.5% of the target group and the response rate was 75.6%. A principal components analysis (exploratory factor analysis) was performed to get a more manageable data set. A matrix of intercorrelations between all pairs of factors was computed. The factors were then entered into a series of multiple regression models to explain five dependent variables. Respondents were well educated and had long experience of farming. 81% were full-time farmers. They generally had a very positive attitude towards organic animal husbandry. They considered allowing animals their natural behavior a central aim, which is in accordance with organic philosophy. Farmers tended to be less approving of concepts like animal rights, dignity, and intrinsic value. When analyzing correlations between the factors, two groups of farmers emerged that were only partially correlated, representing different attitudes and behavioral dispositions. These may be interpreted as two subpopulations of organic livestock farmers in Sweden: those who saw organic farming as a lifestyle (``pioneer attitude') and entrepreneurs, who considered making money and new challenges more important. Their view of animal welfare differed. While the pioneers considered natural behavior a key issue, this was less important to the entrepreneurs, who also had a more approving attitude towards invasive operations such as castration and were more critical of the organic standards. 相似文献
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膜生物反应器在有机废水处理中的研究新进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
介绍了我国近年来利用膜生物反应器处理有机废水的研究成果,并对膜生物反应器用于有机废水生物处理的前景及存在的问题进行评述。 相似文献
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M. G. Mceachern M. J. A. Schröder 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2002,15(2):221-237
This study examines the specificvalues held by consumers towards organic andconventionally produced meat, with particularreference to moral issues surrounding foodanimal production. A quota sample of 30 femalesfrom both a rural and an urban area of Scotland(UK), were interviewed. Overall, there was lowcommitment towards the purchase of organicmeats and little concern for ethical issues.Price and product appearance were the primarymeat selection criteria, the latter being usedas a predictor of eating quality. Manyattitude-behavior anomalies were identified,mainly as a result of respondents' cognitivedissonance and lack of understanding regardingmeat production criteria underpinning meatquality marks, e.g., Soil Association label.Responsibilities for ethical issues appeared tobe delegated by the consumer to the meatretailer or government. This raises issuesabout educating consumers and bringingconsumers closer to understanding meatproduction systems. A conceptual framework isproposed that illustrates the significance ofconsumer involvement in how meat-purchasingdecisions are approached in terms of theevaluation of tangible and or intangiblequality attributes. The results also point tothe need for further research into thoseaspects of quality that individuals tend toaddress at the level of the citizen (law),rather than at the point of purchase. 相似文献
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《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2012,14(2):149-162
Contemporary analysis of the food sector has failed convincingly to link production to consumption, and it has not provided a sociological account of such links. This paper makes a provisional attempt to begin such an analysis and does so by examining the case of the market for organic food in Tuscany. It proposes that the ‘pioneers’ of organics in this region constituted a new food movement that succeeded in opening up a new market. However, this market could only be successfully expanded once other actors were enrolled in the market-making process, notably state agencies and supermarkets. The regional government, through new regulations and specific initiatives, integrated organic foods into rural development policy, thereby assisting producers in the process of conversion. Supermarkets co-operated in the implementation of these policies and made space for Tuscan organic products in their stores. So while the ‘pioneers’ began the process of market building, these later entrants were crucial to the stabilization and expansion of the organic sector in Tuscany. Thus, it can be concluded that the emergence of these new ‘markets’ for nature can only be adequately explained by analysing the full range of actors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献