柳叶蜡梅化感作用初探

以大豆、玉米作为受体，通过对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长量的测定，探讨柳叶蜡梅叶片水浸提液的化感作用。结果表明，不同浓度的柳叶蜡梅水浸提液对两种受体的种子萌发和幼苗生长量均有不同程度的抑制作用，相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加。因此，柳叶蜡梅对大豆、玉米均有化感抑制作用。     

紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用CSSCI

以紫苏茎、叶、花序为供体,木香薷种子为受体,采用3×5二因素完全随机试验设计和室内生物测定法研究了紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:1供体类型和水浸液浓度对木香薷种子的发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率、成苗率、胚根长度和胚轴长度均有极显著影响。供体化感作用强弱顺序是:叶片>花序>茎,并有高抑制低促进的浓度效应。2紫苏茎、叶、花序的水浸液主要是通过抑制木香薷胚根的伸长来抑制种子萌发与幼苗生长。3叶片淋溶是紫苏释放化感物质的主要途径之一。     

紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

以紫苏茎、叶、花序为供体,木香薷种子为受体,采用3×5二因素完全随机试验设计和室内生物测定法研究了紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:1供体类型和水浸液浓度对木香薷种子的发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率、成苗率、胚根长度和胚轴长度均有极显著影响。供体化感作用强弱顺序是:叶片花序茎,并有高抑制低促进的浓度效应。2紫苏茎、叶、花序的水浸液主要是通过抑制木香薷胚根的伸长来抑制种子萌发与幼苗生长。3叶片淋溶是紫苏释放化感物质的主要途径之一。     

硫酸钠对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

通过室内沙基培养法测定白三叶种子的发芽率、发芽势、株高、根系活力、叶绿素含量、丙二醛和可溶性糖含量,研究了不同浓度的硫酸钠对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,白三叶在硫酸钠作用下随着浓度增高,发芽势、发芽率、株高、叶绿素含量、根系活力均表现出下降趋势,对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长均表现出抑制作用,而丙二醛和可溶性糖含量表现出上升趋势。     

壳聚糖处理对大豆幼苗生理指标的影响

以“齐黄28”大豆种子为试验材料,研究不同质量浓度的壳聚糖溶液对大豆幼苗生理指标的影响.结果表明,壳聚糖对大豆幼苗的生长具有促进作用,促进作用的大小因壳聚糖浓度不同而表现出较大差异.在一定范围内随壳聚糖溶液浓度的升高,大豆幼苗的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量和株高均有所提高.当壳聚糖质量浓度为4g/L时,对各项指标的促进作用最明显,为最适壳聚糖浓度,但随着壳聚糖溶液处理浓度的进一步加大,则对大豆幼苗表现出一定的抑制作用.     

胡杨实生苗在河漫滩自然发生和初期生长的研究

通过对洪水退后河漫滩上胡杨种子散布，种子萌发以及胡杨幼苗生长的观察，认定胡杨种子萌发和幼苗初期生长需要一个高温、高湿的环境。水分、温度、光照和微地形对胡杨幼苗的生长和保存都有很大的影响，其中，水分是最为重要的一个因素。洪水退后的河漫滩应是胡杨种子自然萌发和幼苗自然补充的最佳场所，洪水则是胡杨种子自然萌发以及幼苗补充的一个必要条件。     

黄山市蜡梅属植物资源的调查研究与利用

报告了采用踏查法和访问调查法对黄山市蜡梅属植物资源的种类及其利用现状的调查研究结果,阐述了蜡梅属植物的利用价值,提出了开发利用柳叶蜡梅植物资源的建议.     

柳叶蜡梅苗定植后光合作用日变化初探

应用光合作用分析仪对定植于花盆和山坡地两种不同生长环境下柳叶蜡梅苗的光合作用效率进行分析.结果表明,两种定植条件下的柳叶蜡梅苗都有“光合午休”现象,但净光合速率日变化曲线不同；盆栽苗蒸腾速率变化呈单峰曲线,与其净光合速率变化不一致；山地苗蒸腾速率与净光合速率的变化趋势基本一致；盆栽苗进气CO2浓度在一天中变化幅度不大,较高浓度在早晨；山地移植苗进气CO2浓度中午为低谷,下午15:30之后浓度较高.定植苗的光合有效辐射值、叶表面温度、进气CO2浓度的增加等生理生态因子对净光合速率存在不同程度的影响.     

大庆油田废钻井液对农作物的影响

为了阐明废钻井液对农作物的生物效应，以大庆油田典型的水基废钻井坡进行了玉米、大豆种子发芽率试验及大豆盆栽试验。试验结果表明：各浓度组玉米、大豆种子发芽率均在93％以上，废钻井液未对种子幼芽产生毒害作用；对盆栽大豆籽实中金属及有机污染指标未造成影响；对大豆中营养指标─—蛋白质含量有增加的趋势，其淀粉含量有显著增加效应，脂肪含量无影响；对大豆株高增效明显，相对平均增高21．03％，各浓度组千粒重无明显区别。     

多主枝孢粗毒素提取及抑菌活性研究

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法研究多主枝孢毒素粗提物TIC和TOC对小麦赤霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用.结果表明,TIC和TOC对两种供试病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有一定的抑制作用,且对菌丝生长抑制作用的强度与毒素浓度呈正相关.TOC对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用强于对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制作用,而TIC在较高浓度下对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用较强.TIC和TOC对番茄早疫病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用均强于小麦赤霉病菌.     

Allelopathic Potential of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) on Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

This study investigated allelopathy and its chemical basis in nine switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) accessions. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were used as test species. Undiluted aqueous extracts (5 g plant tissue in 50 ml water) from the shoots and roots of most of the switchgrass accessions inhibited the germination and growth of the test species. However, the allelopathic effect of switchgrass declined when extracts were diluted 5- or 50-fold. Seedling growth was more sensitive than seed germination as an indicator of allelopathic effect. Allelopathic effect was related to switchgrass ecotype but not related to ploidy level. Upland accessions displayed stronger allelopathic potential than lowland accessions. The aqueous extract from one switchgrass accession was separated into phenols, organic acids, neutral chemicals, and alkaloids, and then these fractions were bioassayed to test for allelopathic potential. Alkaloids had the strongest allelopathic effect among the four chemical fractions. In summary, the results indicated that switchgrass has allelopathic potential; however, there is not enough evidence to conclude that allelopathic advantage is the main factor that has contributed to the successful establishment of switchgrass on China’s Loess Plateau.     

蓼科药用植物种子发芽的研究

本文报导了不同温度对蓼科药用植物种子萌发和休眠的影响,提出了不同种种子的发芽温度范围、发芽适温、发芽所需天数及发芽率。在中药材生产中掌握不同种种子的发芽适温,确定合适的播种期具有指导意义     

荒漠植物红砂研究进展

主要综述了荒漠植物红砂的分布区及其生境、解剖学特征、种子萌发及幼苗生长影响因素、组织培养、生理生态特征、繁殖及育苗、分子生物学特性等方面的研究。简要阐述了修复和重建红砂植被的必要性,并着重研究了红砂种子萌发的影响因素及育苗技术的发展现状,在此基础上指出红砂研究中的不足之处,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

Effects of Three Fire-Suppressant Foams on the Germination and Physiological Responses of Plants

Suppressant foams used to fight forest fires may leave residual effects on surviving biota that managers need to consider prior to using them. We examined how three fire-suppressant foams (FSFs) (Forexpan S, Phos-Chek-WD881, and Silv-ex) affected seed germination and physiological responses of three plant species. Exposure to FSFs, whether in diluted concentrations or those typical in the field, reduced final germination percentages of seeds grown in petri dishes and within growth chambers. However, the FSFs did not cause total germination failure in any treatment. Inhibition of germination increased with longer exposure times, but only to diluted FSF solutions. Unlike in the laboratory experiments, none of the three FSFs affected seedling emergence when tested in field conditions. Further, we found no evidence of long-term phytotoxic effects on antioxidant enzyme activity nor chlorophyll content of the plant saplings. Therefore, although the three FSFs showed evidence of phytotoxicity to plants in laboratory tests, their actual impact on terrestrial ecosystems may be minimal. We suggest that the benefits of using these FSFs to protect plants in threatened forest ecosystems outweigh their minor risks.     

无刺构骨秋季光合特性的初步研究

采用Li-6400光合测定系统对无刺构骨的秋季光合特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,无剌构骨净光合速率（Pn）日变化规律为双峰曲线形式,有“午睡”现象,最高峰值于11：00左右出现,次高峰出现在14：00,日最大净光合速率为8.33μmol/m2·s,净光合速率（Pn）与气孔导度（Cond）、蒸腾速率（Tr）呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈负相关.无刺枸骨光补偿点为12.146μmol/m2·s,光饱和点为1499μmoL/m2·s.     

伯克氏菌对水稻种子萌发及初生幼苗耐镉性的影响

在无菌条件下研究了伯克氏菌对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发及初生幼苗耐镉性的影响。结果表明：伯克氏菌D54能在含500mg·L^-1Cd的培养基中正常生长,显示出极强的耐镉能力。在50 mg·L^-1的镉胁迫下,接种伯克氏菌能显著提高水稻种子的萌发率,但在其他镉处理下,接种伯克氏菌对种子萌发无显著影响。接种伯克氏菌对水稻种子的发芽指数没有影响,但在10 mg·L^-1Cd处理下,接种伯克氏菌能显著提高水稻种子的活力指数和初生幼苗的根长、根表面积、根尖总数和耐性系数。接种伯克氏菌对初生幼苗的芽鲜重无影响,但能显著提高根鲜重。在50 mg·L^-1和100 mg·L^-1的高浓度镉处理下,接种伯克氏菌对根系生长没有影响。     

Removing Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) and Establishing Native Plants in a Flooded Riparian Corridor in North‐Central Texas,USA

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) extract on native seeds and cuttings and to assess the survivability of native plants in a flooded riparian corridor. Field sites occupied the Trinity River floodplain in southeast Dallas County, Texas. Eight native species were evaluated. They were soapberry, red mulberry, persimmon, elderberry, beautyberry, coralberry, mustang grape, and heartleaf peppervine. From this study, we concluded that:

• Truncating privet at ground level and applying equal parts of glyphosate and water to the stump effectively kills the plant;
• Once removed, privet does not curtail establishment of native plants;
• A 60‐day (d) flood killed most plants, with red mulberry being the most resilient;
• A 1% leaf and berry extract from privet significantly reduced soapberry seed germination; and
• A 1% extract from various parts of privet did not significantly affect root growth from cuttings.

     

Hydrogen sulfide effects on ammonia removal by a biofilter seeded with earthworm casts

Ammonia (NH3) removal efficencies were evaluated when hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and NH3 in binary mixture gases were supplied to a ceramic biofilter seeded with earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) casts. The effect of inlet H2S concentration and space velocity (SV) on the removal of NH3 was investigated after the acclimation of the biofilter with NH3 gas. When NH3 was singly supplied to the biofilter, NH3 removal was maintained at almost 100% until inlet NH3 concentration was increased up to 600 microL L(-1) and SV up to 330 h(-1), at which the elimination capacity of NH3 was 148 g N m(-3) h(-1). When H2S was supplied simultaneously, however, the accumulation of toxic sulfide ions showed dual effects on NH3 removal efficiencies. First, no effects were observed at inlet H2S loading below 60 g S m(-3) h(-1); however, inhibition by H2S at higher loading was observed above 60 g S m(-3) h(-1). The point at which loading achieved a maximum of more than 99% NH3 removal efficiency was 139 g N m(-3) h(-1), when inlet H2S concentration was held under 100 microL L(-1), but it dropped to 76 and 30 g N m(-3) h(-1) when the inlet H2S concentration increased to 220 and 460 microL L(-1), respectively. The critical points of inlet H2S loading that guaranteed over 99% NH3 removal were determined as 100, 100, 60, and 40 g S m(-3) h(-1) at inlet NH3 concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 600 microL L(-1), respectively. Inlet NH3 loading had synergic effects of increasing the inhibition of inlet H2S loading on the NH3 removability of the biofilter.