对铁碳处理硝基酚废水的研究

铁碳降解水中难降解有机污染物的影响因素、最佳工艺参数及处理效果;初步探讨了氧化降解污染物的作用机理;通过分析污染物降解的中间产物,提出了污染物降解的可能途径.探讨了pH、铁碳用量、温度以及锰矿物的粒径等对处理效果的影响,在最佳的工艺条件下,CODCr的去除率达到95%以上,TOC测定表明：大部分硝基酚被氧化降解为H2O和CO2.对硝基酚的降解途径主要是微电解将对硝基酚还原为对氨基酚,对氨基酚在酸性条件下被软锰矿氧化为H2O和CO2做探索性研究.     

HPA／ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化剂的制备及对马拉硫磷的可见光降解

以纳米TiO2载体，利用浸渍法制备了HPA／ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化剂。对制备的催化剂进行了XRD、BET、TEM和UV-vis DRS表征。结果表明，催化剂样品均为锐钛矿相且ZnFe2O4很好地分散在载体表面，HPA／ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化荆的平均粒径为10nm且在380-670nm均有强的光响应；反应最佳的HPA浓度为O.08molfL，最佳的ZnFe2O4负载量为1％。考察了HPA溶液初始浓度、ZnFe2O4负载量、溶液初始pH值、H2O2用量、催化剂用量对催化剂活性的影响。在溶液初始pH=13，H2O2=6mmol／L，催化剂用量为2g/L的最优条件下，光照反应进行100min后，马拉硫磷的降解率可达87％；重复4次后马拉硫磷的降解率仍可以达到67％。     

Fenton氧化工艺处理DNT废水研究

DNT废水因其成分复杂、毒性大、难降解、对环境污染严重等特点,成为废水处理中的一个难题。本试验研究了难以生物降解DNT生产废水Fenton氧化处理效果,考查了各影响因子最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH值为2;FeSO4.7H2O投加量为200mg/L;H2O2投加量为2mL/L;反应时间为1h的条件下,Fenton氧化工艺COD去除率为47.76%,DNT去除率为87.37%左右。     

紫外光催化氧化-原子吸收分光光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中重金属的研究

本文采用二氧化钛为催化剂，通过使用光催化氧化的消解方法对垃圾渗滤液样品进行前处理，再用原子吸收分光光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中的重金属，并与常用消解方法进行对比，探讨了紫外光照射时间、紫外灯功率、H2O2的用量等因素对消解效果所产生的影响，选取了消解垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件，讨论了方法的准确度与精密度。     

常用氧化剂性能研究

用四种常用的氧化剂:高锰酸钾、漂白粉、NaClO和H2O2/Fe2+对大港油田港深11井酸化废水进行了处理。考察了氧化剂的投加量、氧化时间和pH值对酸化废水色度和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳条件下,H2O2/Fe2+对酸化废水的色度和COD的去除率最高;用高锰酸钾处理废水,其COD去除率较高,但脱色效果差;而漂白粉和NaClO的脱色率较高,但其氧化能力有限。建议油田用氧化法处理废水时应采用H2O2/Fe2+催化氧化体系。     

UV/H_2O_2技术在环境保护中的研究进展

过氧化氢的氧化性强,它在紫外光照射下,可以产生氧化性更强的OH,从而能有效地分解一些单独使用H2O2不能分解的有机物。分析了UV/H2O2的反应机理,并通过实验证明了H2O2/UV系统能有效地氧化极性和非极性有机物,而对后者的效果更佳。H2O2能有效地去除烟道气中的部分污染物,但对于用UV/H2O2治理烟道气污染物NOX,目前正处于研究阶段,要投入使用还需进一步进行研究。     

Fenton及电-Fenton处理难降解有机废水技术

Fenton法与电-Fenton法属于高级氧化技术(Advanced Oxidation Technologjes,AOTs),是由H2O2与催化剂Fe2 所构成的氧化体系.在Fenton体系中,H2O2在Fe2 的催化剂作用下,能产生两种活泼的氢氧自由基(HO2·和·OH),从而引发和传播自由基链反应,加快有机物和还原性物质的氧化.本文简要介绍了Fenton法与电-Fenton反应的机理和应用在催化氧化难降解废水领域中的处理技术及研究进展.     

Fenton试剂-混凝法快速降解熄焦循环水中COD

以Fenton试剂氧化结合混凝法对焦化厂熄焦循环水COD进行快速去除实验,结果证明:当[Fe2+]/[H2O2]为1∶15,初始p H为3,30%H2O24.5 ml/100 ml废水时,反应90 min,COD去除率可达到90%,满足回用标准。但是,此时水的颜色较深,继续调节p H至7,加入Fe C13140 mg/L,PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)5 mg/L,搅拌5 min,静置30 min,COD去除率可达95.4%。Fenton-混凝对低浓度NH3-N几乎没有去除作用,CN-的去除率接近30%。整个处理过程中,有机物的种类和数量发生较大变化,Fenton氧化120 min后,混凝,污水基本接近无色,但仍含有单环芳香族化合物。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

水热法合成催化氧化高含硫废水的Ni-MnO2/Al2O3制备条件优化

针对油气田高含硫废水快速氧化处理的需求，以Ni为金属助剂，MnO2为活性组分，采用水热法制备了Ni-MnO2/Al2O3催化剂，通过对高含硫废水催化氧化性能的研究优化了Ni-MnO2/Al2O3的制备条件。BET、XPS、SEM表征结果表明，Ni与Mn摩尔比对催化剂的比表面积变化影响最大，摩尔比为2:10时催化剂的比表面积最大为232.5m2/g，吸附氧和晶格氧的比例高达2.02；水热温度影响催化剂的形貌，低温时以棒状结构为主，110℃时形成有序的片状结构，过高的温度会引起晶粒的团聚；较大的比表面积、丰富的多孔结构及高的吸附氧是催化活性高的主要原因。因此，在Ni与Mn摩尔比为2:10、水热温度为110℃、水热时间为12ｈ、焙烧温度为400℃的条件下制备的Ni-MnO2/Al2O3催化剂具有最高的催化活性，对于硫离子浓度为3000mg/L的废水，90min后的硫离子转化率高达96.6％，对含硫废水的处理效果最好。     

Fenton氧化处理微电解后制浆中段废水的研究

对微电解后废水初始pH、外加Fe2+、H2O2浓度、处理时间对色度及CODCr去除率的影响进行研究。实验结果表明随着pH的增加,色度和CODCr的去除率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在pH值等于4时,处理效果最好。外加Fe2+,H2O2和反应时间对废水CODCr和色度去除率的影响类似于pH的影响,获得的H2O2最佳投加量4 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O为1.5g/L,最佳处理时间60min。在优化实验条件下,CODCr和色度的去除率稳定在80%和84%附近。     

车载巡回式UV／Fenton装置处理小城镇垃圾渗滤液

为了研究车载巡回处理装置对小城镇垃圾渗滤液的处理效果,采用自制的UV-Fenton试验装置研究了pH值、FeSO_4剂量、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响,结果表明:最佳pH值为4.0,进水中COD为825 mg/L时,FeSO_4和H_2O_2的投加量分别为0.008 mol/L和0.08 mol/L,此时COD去除率72.22%,出水COD为216 mg/L;随着FeSO_4投加量缓慢增加到一定程度后转而下降,FeSO_4最佳投加量为0.008 mol/L;不同H_2O_2和Fe~(2+)配比对COD去除效果具有影响,(10:1)时为最佳配比。经过氨吹脱和混凝沉淀预处理的渗滤液采用UV/Fenton处理工艺,出水中COD可以达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-1997)中二级标准。     

UV-H_2O_2联用工艺去除水中阿特拉津的研究

采用间歇式反应器考察了UV-H2O2高级氧化技术去除水中阿特拉津的效果及其影响因素,并进行了相关的反应动力学研究。结果表明,在pH值6.9,阿特拉津初始浓度500μg/L,紫外辐照强度172μW/cm2时,H2O2投加量50mg/L,反应10min后,阿特拉津的去除率90%。UV-H2O2联用工艺对阿特拉津的降解符合一级反应动力学。H2O2在该联用工艺降解阿特拉津中具有双重作用,一方面,当H2O2投加量较小时,一级反应速率常数随H2O2投加量的增加基本呈现线性增加的趋势;另一方面,当H2O2浓度增加到一定程度(90mg/L)后,阿特拉津的降解速率随H2O2浓度的变化已不明显,而H2O2浓度为102mg/L时,则出现了抑制作用。     

Degradation of a commercial textile biocide with advanced oxidation processes and ozone

The occurrence of significant amounts of biocidal finishing agents in the environment as a consequence of intensive textile finishing activities has become a subject of major public health concern and scientific interest only recently. In the present study, the treatment efficiency of selected, well-known advanced oxidation processes (Fenton, Photo-Fenton, TiO(2)/UV-A, TiO(2)/UV-A/H(2)O(2)) and ozone was compared for the degradation and detoxification of a commercial textile biocide formulation containing a 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether as the active ingredient. The aqueous biocide solution was prepared to mimic typical effluent originating from the antimicrobial finishing operation (BOD(5,o) < or =5 mg/L; COD(o)=200 mg/L; DOC(o) (dissolved organic carbon)=58 mg/L; AOX(o) (adsorbable organic halogens)=48 mg/L; LC(50,o) (lethal concentration causing 50% death or immobilization in Daphnia magna)=8% v/v). Ozonation experiments were conducted at different ozone doses (500-900 mg/h) and initial pH (7-12) to assess the effect of ozonation on degradation (COD, DOC removal), dearomatization (UV(280) and UV(254) abatement), dechlorination (AOX removal) and detoxification (changes in LC(50)). For the Fenton experiments, the effect of varying ferrous iron catalyst concentrations and UV-A light irradiation (the Photo-Fenton process) was examined. In the heterogenous photocatalytic experiments, Degussa P25-type TiO(2) was used as the catalyst and the effect of reaction pH (3, 7 and 12) and H(2)O(2) addition on the photocatalytic treatment efficiency was examined. Although in the photochemical (i.e. Photo-Fenton, TiO(2)/UV-A and TiO(2)/UV-A/H(2)O(2)) experiments appreciably higher COD and DOC removal efficiencies were obtained, ozonation appeared to be equally effective to achieve dearomatization (UV(280) abatement) at all studied reaction pH. During ozonation of the textile biocide effluent, AOX abatement proceeded significantly faster than dearomatization and was complete after 20 min ozonation (267 mg O(3)). On the other hand, for complete detoxification, ozonation had to be continued for at least 30 min (corresponding to 400mg O(3)). Effective AOX and acute toxicity removal was also obtained after heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment (TiO(2)/UV-A and TiO(2)/UV-A/H(2)O(2)). The Fenton-based treatment experiments and particularly the dark Fenton reaction resulted in relatively poor degradation, dearomatization, AOX and acute toxicity removals.     

气体扩散电极在水处理领域中的研究进展

气体扩散电极（Gas Diffusion Electrode—GDE）作为阴极，通过氧气还原产生过氧化氢（H202），在亚铁离子催化剂存在的情况下形成Fenton试剂，从而间接氧化有机污染物，这方面的研究逐步引起人们的重视。本文综述了电极材料、电流密度、pH、催化剂等因素对处理效果的影响，提出了该方法存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

O2-Fenton试剂处理对氨基苯磺酸废水的探讨

利用由O2和Fenton试剂组成的类Fenton系统处理对氨基苯磺酸废水,取得了很好的降解效果.当FeSO4(10g/L)投加量为1.2mL、H2O2(3%)投加量为3mL时,COD去除率可达到70%.     

低渗透油田压裂废水处理技术实验研究

通过低渗透油田压裂废水处理系列实验,研究了降黏预处理-Fe/C微电解-絮凝处理技术,有效地降低了废水的COD,考察H2O2、pH、Fe/C比例、Fe/C加量、Ca(OH)2加量及反应时间等影响因素。结果表明此实验的优化工艺条件为:H2O2加量0.5%、pH为1、Fe/C比例1∶1、Fe/C加量5g/L、Ca(OH)2加量3g/L、反应时间120min。     

Combined chemical and biological oxidation of penicillin formulation effluent

Antibiotic formulation effluent is well known for its important contribution to environmental pollution due to its fluctuating and recalcitrant nature. In the present study, the chemical treatability of penicillin formulation effluent (average filtered COD(o)=830 mg/l; average soluble COD(o)=615 mg/l; pH(o)=6.9) bearing the active substances penicillin Amoxicillin Trihydrate (C(16)H(19)N(3)O(5)S.3H(2)O) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Potassium Clavulanate (C(8)H(8)KNO(5)) has been investigated. For this purpose, the penicillin formulation effluent was subjected to ozonation (applied ozone dose=2500 mg/(lxh)) at varying pH (2.5-12.0) and O(3)+H(2)O(2) (perozonation) at different initial H(2)O(2) concentrations (=2-40 mM) and pH 10.5. According to the experimental results, the overall Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency varied between 10 and 56% for ozonation and 30% (no H(2)O(2)) and 83% (20 mM H(2)O(2)) for the O(3)+H(2)O(2) process. The addition of H(2)O(2) improved the COD removal rates considerably even at the lowest studied H(2)O(2) concentration. An optimum H(2)O(2) concentration of 20 mM existed at which the highest COD removal efficiency and abatement kinetics were obtained. The ozone absorption rate ranged between 53% (ozonation) and 68% (perozonation). An ozone input of 800 mg/l in 20 min was sufficient to achieve the highest BOD(5)/COD (biodegradability) ratio (=0.45) and BOD(5) value (109 mg/l) for the pre-treated penicillin formulation effluent. After the establishment of optimum ozonation and perozonation conditions, mixtures of synthetic domestic wastewater+raw, ozonated and perozonated penicillin formulation effluent were subjected to biological activated sludge treatment at a food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratio of 0.23 mg COD/(mg MLSSxd), using a consortium of acclimated microorganisms. COD removal efficiencies of the activated sludge process were 71, 81 and 72% for pharmaceutical wastewater containing synthetic domestic wastewater mixed with either raw, ozonated or perozonated formulation effluent, respectively. The ultimate COD value obtained after 24-h biotreatment of the synthetic domestic wastewater+pre-ozonated formulation effluent mixture was around 100 mg/l instead of 180 mg/l which was the final COD obtained for the wastewater mixture containing raw formulation effluent, indicating that pre-ozonation at least partially removed the non-biodegradable COD fraction of the formulation effluent.