西安市医疗废物管理信息系统建设初探

近年来,西安市医疗废物产量不断增加,给目前的医疗废物监控管理工作带来极大的不便。为了加强医疗废物处置监管力度,提高相关部门的工作效率,文章以西安市医疗废物监控管理的需求出发,从医疗废物信息管理、交接登记、电子联单管理、电子转运卡管理、转移监管、电子地图、视频监控、处置监控、台账管理、信息查询、统计分析等方面进行分析,应用互联网技术,构建了一套信息化的医疗废物管理信息系统。该系统对西安市医疗废物存储、转移和处置的监控和管理具有十分重要的现实意义。     

“十三五”医疗废物综合管理思路与对策研究

本文首先总体分析了"十二五"期间我国医疗废物环境管理和技术在完善制度建设、加快处理设施建设、打击环境违法行为和创新开展医疗废物处置示范等方面取得的进展和成效,分析了当前医疗废物管理中存在的包括缺乏针对性制度、处理设施总体技术水平不高、新增布局缺乏指导、收费水平偏低等突出问题。面向"十三五",本文提出环境管理四个方面的主要思路,从思路出发,提出"十三五"重点开展的任务,包括开展基础性调查评估、修订医疗废物管理条例、优化医疗废物处理设施布局、建立区域医疗废物协同处理模式、开展处理设施稳定排放达标整治工程、创新医疗废物环境管理和加快解决医疗废物处理收费中的突出问题等,为相关环境管理部门提供决策参考。     

医院内部医疗废物管理系统设计的思考

为了规范医院内部医疗废物收集监管,避免人工方式造成的弊端,采用信息化手段建立针对医院内部的医疗废物管理系统,从信息管理、电子联单管理、交接管理、追溯分析管理、报警管理五个方面进行设计。其中作为系统主要部分的交接管理包含有收集监管、院内交接、暂存处交接三部分,实现了医疗废物交接登记、收集过程、暂存处监控等智能化、数字化的全方位监管,提升了医院内部医疗废物的监管能力,规范了医疗废物的源头管理,真正实现传统人工处理向现代智能管理的跨越。     

湖南省医疗废物集中处置刍议

医疗废物严重威胁人体健康。湖南省医疗废物产生量大，处置现状令人堪忧。深入分析了湖南省医疗废物依法集中处置的可行性，对医疗废物集中处置的可行性、管理的完善以及地方相关专项立法提出了建议。     

河北省医疗废物处置现状分析及建议

通过列表法对河北省医疗废物的产生和处置现状进行归纳分析,对医疗废物处置单位情况进行简要介绍,揭示了医疗废物处置相关规划缺失、医疗废物监管存在漏洞、处置单位自身疏于管理等问题,结合河北省自身特点,提出尽快出台相关规划、强化环境监管、规范自身经营管理等建议。     

衡水市医疗废物处理现状调查及对策

医疗废物是一类成分复杂并有特殊危害的危险废弃物。通过分析衡水市医疗废物处理过程中存在的分散处置、处理率低等问题,提出了加强管理监督机制、提高医疗废物收集处理率的应对策略。通过综合比较分析几种医疗废物处理方法的优缺点,指出高温焚烧法集中处置是衡水市医疗废物的最佳处理方法。     

《医疗废物管理条例》公布

据新华社电国务院总理温家宝日前签署第380号国务院令,公布《医疗废物管理条例》,新华社6月26日受权播发这个条例。经国务院第十次常务会议通过的《医疗废物管理条例》,分总则、医疗废物管理的一般规定、医疗卫生机构对医疗废物的管理、医疗废物的集中处置、监督管理、法律责任、附则,共7章57条,自公布之日起施行。出台这个条例的目的,是为了加强医疗废物的安全管理,防止疾病传播,保护环境,保障人体健康。条例所称“医疗废物”,是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或者间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废…     

医疗废物非焚烧处理技术规范出台

为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》，落实国务院颁布的《全国危险废物和医疗废物处理设施建设规划》和《医疗废物管理条例》，规范医疗废物化学消毒处理技术的应用行为、工程建设以及设施运行管理，加强医疗废物的安全管理，防止疾病传播，保障人体健康，实现医疗废物无害化处理目标，国家环保总局2006年3月15日颁布实施《医疗废物化学消毒集中处理工程技术规范（试行）》、《医疗废物微波消毒集中处理工程技术规范（试行）》两项国家环境保护行业标准。     

依法科学管理处置医疗废物

针对我国医疗废物管理和处置现状,提出完善有关医疗废物管理和处置的法律体系等七项措施。     

《中国环保产业》增刊--医疗废物处理处置专集出版说明

为贯彻落实国家环境保护“十五”计划和国务院《医疗废物管理条例》有关规定,总结我国医疗废物处理处置经验,加强医疗废物管理,为全国医疗废物的集中处理提供全方位的技术与产业支持,本刊特经科学技术部批准(国科财函[2003]34号文)出版医疗废物处理处置增刊。     

Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar es Salaam City

Industrial and medical wastes constitute a larger part on what is known as ‘hazardous wastes’. The production of these wastes is and will continue to be an on going phenomenon as long as human civilization persists. The health impacts of direct and indirect exposure to hazardous wastes include carcinogenic effects, reproductive system damage, respiratory effects, central nervous system effects, and many others. Today, many developed countries have legal provisions with regard to proper management of hazardous wastes. Tanzania, like many developing countries, has little emphasis on the proper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. There is a serious inadequacy in handling industrial and medical solid wastes in the Dar es Salaam City. Improper waste deposition is increasingly becoming a potential public health risk and an environmental burden. Due to poor control of waste, industrialists and hospital owners are not well checked on how they handle and dispose of the wastes they produce with the result that many hazardous wastes reach the Vingunguti dumpsite without notice. Data on waste generation in Dar es Salaam is also inadequate, making it difficult to plan an efficient solid waste system. Promotion of public awareness, legislation and regulations enforcement and establishment of a proper sanitary landfill are considered to be principal remedial measures to ensure sound environmental maintenance. This paper summarizes the findings of the study on the practices of industrial and medical waste management in Dar es Salaam. The author aims to express the inadequacy in hazardous waste management and suggests possible measures to be applied in order to rectify the situation.     

Hospital waste management in El-Beheira Governorate,Egypt

This study investigated the hospital waste management practices used by eight randomly selected hospitals located in Damanhour City of El-Beheira Governorate and determined the total daily generation rate of their wastes. Physico-chemical characteristics of hospital wastes were determined according to standard methods. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire to collect information about the practices related to waste segregation, collection procedures, the type of temporary storage containers, on-site transport and central storage area, treatment of wastes, off-site transport, and final disposal options. This study indicated that the quantity of medical waste generated by these hospitals was 1.249 tons/day. Almost two-thirds was waste similar to domestic waste. The remainder (38.9%) was considered to be hazardous waste. The survey results showed that segregation of all wastes was not conducted according to consistent rules and standards where some quantity of medical waste was disposed of with domestic wastes. The most frequently used treatment method for solid medical waste was incineration which is not accepted at the current time due to the risks associated with it. Only one of the hospitals was equipped with an incinerator which is devoid of any air pollution control system. Autoclaving was also used in only one of the selected hospitals. As for the liquid medical waste, the survey results indicated that nearly all of the surveyed hospitals were discharging it in the municipal sewerage system without any treatment. It was concluded that the inadequacies in the current hospital waste management practices in Damanhour City were mainly related to ineffective segregation at the source, inappropriate collection methods, unsafe storage of waste, insufficient financial and human resources for proper management, and poor control of waste disposal. The other issues that need to be considered are a lack of appropriate protective equipment and lack of training and clear lines of responsibilities between the departments involved in hospital waste management. Effective medical waste management programs are multisectoral and require cooperation between all levels of implementation, from national and local governments to hospital staff and private businesses.     

医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的开发及应用

国内已建成的医疗废物焚烧设施目前普遍存在进料系统不稳定、玻璃结渣和高浓度HCl气体的排放的问题。这些技术难点已成为医疗废物焚烧处置行业发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了可解决上述问题的"可调节医疗废物恒流量进料技术"、"医废焚烧防玻璃结渣技术"和"含高浓度氯化氢医废尾气处理技术"三项医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的主要特点及技术指标与应用实例。     

昆明市医疗废物的焚烧处理

医疗废物含有大量传染性物质,导致污染的可能是各种病菌和寄生虫卵等,是高度危险废物,必须进行无害化处置.针对昆明市医疗废物的现状,根据国内外先进的管理和处理模式,结合昆明市实际情况,采用焚烧实验炉焚烧昆明市医疗废物,医疗废物无须进行预处理,能直接进行焚烧.实验证明,高温焚烧可彻底清除医疗废物中的病菌及恶臭气体,保证医疗废物的无害化处理.     

泰安市医疗废物的特性研究

通过实验分析了医疗废物的组成、灰分、水分、挥发分、固定碳和热值等特性参数，探讨其燃烧特性。研究表明，医疗废物具有高热值、高挥发分的特点，其热值远高于一般城市生活垃圾，而高挥发分的特点决定了其容易着火和稳定燃烧的特性。     

医疗废物热解焚烧处理技术探讨

本文依据国内目前医疗废物的组成特性，对引进国外的医疗废物热解焚烧炉的技术特性及设计原则进行了阐述，并对其进行了优化设计。     

我国废物进口综合管理技术对策研究

随着废物进口数量的增长、废物再生利用行业的成长、废物越境转移形势的变化和环境保护事业的不断发展,废物进口环境管理经历了从无到有并且逐步完善的过程,成为我国固体废物环境管理工作的重要内容。当前我国废物进口管理还存在着部分种类废物进口行业利用水平较低、废物非法越境转移压力长期存在和能力建设步伐与管理需求不相适应等问题。针对存在的问题,采取合理有效的应对措施,进一步完善相关法律、法规,推进“圈区管理”,鼓励统一管理和污染集中防治,探索建立企业环保信誉管理机制,加强源头风险控制,完善国际合作机制,使我国进口废物管理向兼顾环境、经济协调发展的综合管理模式转变。     

中国危险废物污染防治技术发展趋势与政策分析

本文对我国危险废物产生及废物流进行了分析,对我国危险废物污染控制原则、目标和处理处置技术现状及发展趋势进行了评价。以此为基础,提出了我国危险废物管理全过程污染防治的技术路线和技术政策。