青格达湖不同生活型水生植物氮磷积累特征

为探究西北干旱半干旱湖泊水生植物氮磷积累特征,研究2017年8月至9月青格达湖不同生活型及同种生活型不同种类水生植物氮、磷含量及其积累特征,以及青格达湖水生植物氮、磷积累特征与水质因子相关性。结果表明:青格达湖水生植物氮元素富集能力远远大于磷营养盐富集能力;不同生活型水生植物氮、磷积累存在一定规律,沉水植物总氮含量极显著高于挺水植物总氮含量;沉水植物总磷含量显著高于挺水植物总磷含量;不同种类挺水植物氮磷含量不同,青格达湖4种挺水植物氮磷含量均存在极显著差异,其中总氮含量积累规律为藨草芦苇水蓼达香蒲,总磷含量积累规律为藨草达香蒲芦苇水蓼;青格达湖水质因子与水生植物之间存在密切关系,但不同生活型及同种生活型不同种类水生植物所受水质因子的影响存在一定的差异性。     

城市污水Al盐化学除磷的试验研究

针对新疆地区污水厂总磷去除效率有限,出水总磷存在超标排放风险的问题。试验中采用自配不同总磷含量的生活污水,通过小试试验,投加AlCl3进行试验室模拟化学除磷试验。研究结果表明:进水总磷浓度为2～4mg/L时,投加AlCl3/TP质量比为8.6;进水总磷浓度为6mg/L时,投加AlCl3/TP质量比上升到13.1,出水总磷浓度均<0.5mg/L,AlCl3投加不会改变污水的pH值,化学沉淀最佳时间为30min。建议设计除磷沉淀池的停留时间为25min～30min。     

间歇生物反应器中氮的赋存状态与转化规律研究

目前废水生物脱氮技术着重于对氨氮的去除,很难达到去除总氮的目的。为了更好的去除氨氮及总氮,实验研究了不同进水pH、溶解氧浓度、进水C／N比及不同温度条件下间歇生物反应器中氮的存在状态及其转化规律。结果表明：在生物反应器运行初期氨氮、总氮浓度均有明显的下降;进水氨氮浓度在30-70mg／L的污水,优化处理操作参数为pH值8．0±0．5,溶解氧（4．2±0．5）mg／L,温度20～26℃,C／N为6,曝气时间6h,沉淀2h,氨氮去除率可达到90％,总氮去除率接近60％。     

瀛湖水质变化特征及富营养化控制研究

瀛湖作为南水北调中线工程丹江口水库的重要水源地，水环境质量状况日益受到各方关注。对近五年(2016～2020年)瀛湖水质状况及富营养化现状进行综合评价，同时采样SPSS软件对2020年瀛湖366组日均值水质监测数据统计分析，结果表明：近五年(2016～2020年)瀛湖均处于中营养化水平；在气温回升的3月份，瀛湖pH值和溶解氧出现全年最大值，在气温最高的8、9月份水温、浊度、总磷、叶绿素和藻密度浓度为全年最高，水体电导率、总氮浓度为全年最低；总氮和藻密度呈显著负相关，总磷和藻密度呈显著正相关。分析表明磷是瀛湖藻类生长的限制性营养盐，瀛湖富营养化控制应以集中控磷为主。为瀛湖水体富营养化控制和水环境治理提供了科学依据。     

高压电化学絮凝技术去除酿酒废水中总磷的研究

为了使酿酒废水中总磷有效去除并达标排放,通过对酿酒废水总磷的排放情况调查,有针对性的选用高压电化学絮凝技术,对酿酒废水中总磷的去除效果进行实验研究。从实验结果看,调节进水pH值为2.3、停留时间45分钟时总磷去除率可达到99%以上,在该条件下COD的去除率也能达到50%左右,废水总磷排放浓度能够达到1.0mg/L的排放要求。     

上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥氮磷释放的影响

采用校园水体底泥进行上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥释放量之间的关系研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下,上覆水水质影响底泥氮、磷的释放,尤其显著影响氮、磷的初期释放;上覆水氮、磷的浓度越小,底泥氮、磷的释放量越大;上覆水氮、磷的浓度超过一定值,会抑制底泥氮、磷的释放。     

宝鸡千河底泥营养盐及重金属风险评价

对宝鸡千河河道11个监测点底泥的OM(总有机质)、TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)和重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd)含量进行了监测,评价了该河道底泥营养盐和重金属的潜在生态风险。结果表明:底泥中OM浓度为1.25~8.48g/kg,TN浓度为0.14~1.92g/kg,TP浓度为0.41~1.02g/kg;营养盐污染评价结果表明,该河段底泥有机指数总体上处于清洁水平,但部分监测点有机氮污染相对严重,应注意对外源氮的控制;重金属Pb浓度为15.1~49.1mg/kg,Zn浓度为51.1~171.9 mg/kg,Cr浓度为7.86~43.5 mg/kg,Cd浓度为0.09~0.88 mg/kg,Cu浓度为3.64~19.5mg/kg;底泥中Pb、Zn、Cd的平均含量高于陕西省土壤元素背景值;重金属污染评价结果表明,底泥潜在重金属生态风险指数(RI)平均值为146.1,存在轻微的潜在生态风险水平;底泥中Cd的潜在生态危害风险高,贡献最大。     

三峡库区澎溪河营养盐时空变化特征及富营养化评价

为考察三峡库区澎溪河营养盐的时空分布特征及营养状态,于2013~2014年对澎溪河不同断面透明度、高锰酸盐指数以及总氮、氨氮、总磷、叶绿素a的含量进行取样调查,对营养盐的时空变化特征进行分析,结合相关性分析,利用单因子法和综合营养状态指数法评价水体营养盐结构和营养状态。结果发现,澎溪河营养盐具有明显的季节差异性和空间分布差异性。相关性分析表明澎溪河上游河段叶绿素a含量与透明度、高锰酸盐指数、总氮含量、总磷含量的线性相关性不显著,而中段高阳渡口叶绿素a含量与总磷含量呈极显著正相关。单因子法评价结果显示,澎溪河水质为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。水体综合营养状态指标范围为56~135,处于富营养至重度富营养化状态之间;春季3~5月及秋季10月,部分断面富营养化状态极高。     

催化铁应用于草甘膦废水处理工艺改造的可行性研究

针对某化工厂草甘膦废水经厌氧-好氧生物处理后出水总磷浓度高,无法达到该化工区污水纳管标准的情况,应用催化铁方法对该废水现有处理工艺进行改造以提高出水水质。考察了催化铁方法对原处理工艺不同处理工段出水中磷的去除效果,发现该法可有效地去除生物厌氧池出水的总磷及正磷盐,去除率分别达到52．7％和83．13％以上,且使废水的BOD5／COD值显著提高,可从0．08提高至0．31,增强了废水的可生物降解性,有利于后续好氧生物处理的进行。研究表明在原处理工艺的厌氧池后增加催化铁处理段能明显提高最终出水水质。     

采用两级电解去除废水中氮磷的试验研究

为有效降低水中硝酸盐氮和磷的污染,采用两级电解法对水中的硝酸盐氮和磷进行去除试验,考查不同电极体系、不同电压等因素对硝态氮和磷去除效果的影响。结果表明:一级电解采用催化-钛极板体系效果最好,60 min后对20 mg/L的硝态氮去除率达到92.30%;二级电解改用不锈钢-钛极板,35 min后对5 mg/L的磷酸根去除效率达到90.25%。实验表明,该两级电解体系对水中硝态氮和磷具有良好的去除效果。     

化学强化SBR工艺生物脱氮除磷试验研究

本文以脱氮为优势条件进行了SBR工艺生物脱氮试验,确定了脱氮模式的运行工艺参数,即瞬时进水-曝气3h-缺氧2h-沉淀闲置1h-出水。SBR在此模式下运行,COD、NH3-N、TN的去除率分别为90％、95％、60％以上。系统对TP的去除也比较稳定,进水TP为6．57—10．4mg／L时,出水为1．68—4．23mg／L。对SBR脱氮后出水投加AlCl3进行化学除磷,试验发现,投加量为20mg／L时出水,TP均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）一级标准的B标准。     

沱江富顺段水质分析及污染状况研究

为了解沱江富顺段水质情况,采用相应的国家标准方法对沱江水体的氮、磷、化学需氧量、生化需氧量等指标进行监测。3个监测断面TN、TP的平均浓度分别为3．31mg／L、0．247mg／L,其中TN含量超标3倍以上,TP含量超过标准的1．2倍,建议相关部门应在河流平水期和枯水期严格控制氮、磷的排放,可通过调高工业废水、污水处理厂氮、磷排放标准,缓解沱江氮、磷污染程度。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic strength synthetic wastewater using an alternating pumped flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Nutrient removal from domestic strength synthetic wastewater by an alternating pumped flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor (APFSBBR) was investigated in this laboratory study. The APFSBBR comprised two reactor tanks (Reactors 1 and 2) with two identical biofilm modules of vertical tubular plastic media with a high specific surface area, one in each tank. The APFSBBR was operated in cycles of four phases: fill, anaerobic, aerobic, and draw. During the fill phase, Reactor 1 was half-filled with domestic strength synthetic wastewater. During the subsequent anaerobic phase, most of the phosphorus release took place from the submerged biofilm in this reactor. In the aerobic phase, the wastewater was circulated by pumps between Reactors 1 and 2, resulting in denitrification at the start of the aerobic phase due to low oxygen concentrations, followed by nitrification and luxury uptake of phosphorus when oxygen concentrations increased. During the draw phase, Reactor 2 was half-emptied of the treated water. At the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loading rates on the total biofilm area of 3.20 g COD, 0.33 g TN, and 0.06 g TP m(-2) d(-1), the removal efficiencies were 97, 85, and 92% for COD, TN, and TP, respectively.     

Assessment of spatial-temporal patterns of surface and ground water qualities and factors influencing management strategy of groundwater system in an urban river corridor of Nepal

This study examined the spatial-temporal variations and factors influencing the management of groundwater along a section of the Bagmati river corridor in the Kathmandu valley (Nepal). The results showed that rural areas were less polluted than urban areas. In urban areas, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 8.41 to 29.74 mg/L, 6.7 to 128.96 mg/L and 0.06 to 1.5 mg/L, respectively. In rural areas, the BOD, TN and TP concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 18.25 mg/L, 4.8 to 11.56 mg/L and 0.07 to 0.65 mg/L, respectively. The level of organics was higher in the pre-monsoon season, while the level of nutrients was higher in post-monsoon season. A comparison of the groundwater and surface water in the upstream rural areas revealed that the TP concentration was higher in the groundwater than in the surface water, which was attributed to the sorption of phosphorus on iron, aluminum or calcium compounds contained in the surface water, which depends upon the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. In urban areas, a few wells were found at groundwater levels lower than the corresponding surface water levels and were subjected to a high risk of pollution. Overall, these findings reinforce the notion that the management of surface and ground waters in an integrated approach is essential for attaining sustainable development of groundwater systems.     

BATCH REACTOR UNVEGETATED WETLAND PERFORMANCE IN TREATING DAIRY WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT: Wetlands that treat holding pond effluent can be designed to utilize the pond storage capacity to allow flexibility in system management. Management of a wetland as a sequencing batch reactor can simplify operation and control detention times, but little performance data on such systems are available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the batch reactor wetland concept by quantifying removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended sediments (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH₄), nitrate (NO₃), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (PO₄) and by assessing the suitability of first‐order kinetics. Weekly samples were collected following batch loadings of wetland cells with high concentration or low concentration dairy holding pond wastewater during both fall and spring seasons. During three‐week batch periods without plants, overall mass removal averaged 54 percent for COD, 58 percent for TSS, 90 percent for TN, 72 percent for NH₄, ‐54 percent for NO₃, 38 percent for TP, and ‐8 percent for PO₄. Best fit, first‐order kinetic rate constant (k) and background concentration (C*) for COD varied by season, with k = 0.024/d and C*= 0 mg/l in fall and k = 0.056/d and C*= 200 mg/l in spring. Ammonium exhibited a consistent C*= 0 mg/l but had variable rate constants of k = 0.121/d for low concentration treatments and k = 0.079/d for high concentration treatments. Using first‐order kinetics was also appropriate for TN, with k = 0.061/d and C*= 0 mg/l for all loadings and seasons, but was not consistently appropriate for TP or PO₄. These results support the use of first‐order kinetics to describe treatment in batch reactor wastewater treatment wetlands without vegetation, perhaps during the establishment phase or in open water zones of vegetated wetlands. Further work is needed to assess the effects of vegetation.     

脉冲式SBR法处理生活污水的脱氮特性试验研究

脉冲式SBR工艺是针对传统SBR工艺反硝化效果较差提出的一种新型的SBR运行方式。本试验在北京工业大学污水处理实验室采用真实的生活污水进行研究,考察脉冲式SBR在硝化-投加原水-反硝化这一循环反复过程中（等量进水）的脱氮性能。试验结果表明,出水TN〈2mg/L,去除率达到了96%以上。     

IABR-IBAF工艺处理猪场稳定塘废水的实验研究

难降解有机物含量高且碳氮比失调是造成养猪场稳定塘废水难于处理的主要原因。本文采用基于固定化微生物技术的厌氧折流板（IABR）与曝气生物滤池（IBAF）组合工艺处理稳定塘废水，对比了IABR-IABF组合工艺与单一IBAF工艺的处理效果，研究了碱度和碳源对硝化反硝化过程的影响。组合工艺平均进水COD1532．6mg／L，平均出水为332．7mg／L，去除率为78％，NH3-N平均进水538．6mg／L，平均出水为12．3mg／L，去除率97．7％。以新鲜废水做反硝化阶段的碳源时TN去除率93％，可有效解决脱氮过程中的碳源成本问题。