常用金属材料在海南琼海湿热地区大气腐蚀试验

介绍常用有色金属、黑色金属在海南省琼海市湿热地区大气暴露试验情况。     

整车湿热环境下大气暴露试验失效问题分析

汽车内外饰使用了大量的高分子材料,由于材料本身分子结构存在一些弱点,在综合环境（光、热、水和氧气等）因素作用下,易产生老化问题。为提高整车内外饰零部件的老化性能,本文通过对多款车型的大气暴露试验问题进行了分类,对失效原因进行了分析,并提出从标准要求、材料选型、试验验证、开发流程、生产过程的一致性等各个方面进行质量管控的措施。     

常用材料在湿热地区的大气腐蚀规律

介绍常用金属材料和防护层在湿热地区的广州和海南琼海大气暴露腐蚀规律，为产品设计，制造选材提供依据。     

低压电器产品常见的湿热试验

介绍低压电器产品常见的湿热试验和相应试验参数,从而认识低压电器元器件和低压成套设备两大类产品湿热试验项目通常考核目的和意义,对低压电器实际检测的了解有更进一步的帮助。     

湿热环境实施技术

本文通过试验对比,说明直接式加温加湿方式优于间接式加温加湿方式,并简述了湿热环境系统的构成及所研制的湿热环境试验箱的主要性能指标。     

有色金属铝,铜,钛及其合金在湿热地区广州十年大气腐蚀试验结果

主要介绍铝，铜，钛及其合金在湿热的广州十年大气腐蚀试验结果，试验数据可供机电仪产品设计人员和金属腐蚀与防护有关人员参考。     

湿热试验中相对湿度的测量,计算和控制

本文对GJB150、HB5830标准中湿热试验的相对湿度进行分析,推导其数学计算公式,并对试验中相对湿度的测量、控制问题作了一定的说明。     

用微机改造老设备实现交变湿热试验

本文主要阐述用单片机改造老设备,使其达到航标HB-5830和国军标GJB-150有关湿热试验的要求,并对其控制原理和计算方法作了一定的说明。     

IEC 60945标准中湿热试验方法的探讨

本文探讨了IEC 60945标准湿热试验中升温和加湿试验方法的合理性。通过根据湿热试验的基本原理和IEC 60068-2-30、IEC 60068-2-78以及GB/T 2423.3、GB/T 2423.4等相关国际、国家标准中湿热试验的具体试验方法,分析IEC 60945中湿热试验的试验方法是否合理。结果显示,IEC 60945标准中湿热试验的试验方法与IEC 60068-2-30、IEC 60068-2-78标准的操作顺序不同,试验结果也不相同。基于此,可有如下结论:IEC 60945标准中湿热试验的试验方法中升温和加湿的先后顺序与交变湿热的作用机理相悖,建议将试验方法的操作顺序修改为在低温条件下将试验箱内的相对湿度升到不小于95 %,待箱内相对湿度达到95 %以后,在3 h±30 min内将箱内温度由25 ℃±3 ℃升至40 ℃±2 ℃。     

琼海湿热服役环境数据分析

叙通过统计琼海2007年~2016年太阳辐照、温湿度等环境数据,利用标准偏差及变异系数,分析了湿热服役环境条件近十年的数据稳定性。结果显示,太阳辐照季节性特征明显,夏季变异系数一般在10%~15%之间,冬季最高可达40%,影响冬季开始的自然暴露试验结果的重复性;温湿度数据具有较好的稳定性,变异系数分别在15%及10%内,对自然暴露试验结果的重复性影响较小。     

Individualized water source as an indicator of attitudes about water management and conservation in humid regions

Public perceptions about water quantity and water as a common pool resource are understudied in humid regions. As water demand increases, the need to more closely manage water, even in humid areas, will increase, requiring better understanding how people perceive their water supply, how they view paying for water conservation and how water user characteristics influence attitudes. A survey finds correlations between utilizing an individual water source (e.g. well or spring) and attitudes toward water management and conservation. Compared to respondents with a shared water source, those with an individual source believe they are segregated from regional water concerns. They are less willing to pay for water management or conservation measures and less supportive of any government intervention in water management. These results suggest that planners and water managers may face resistance to conservation policies or any policy based on the idea of water as a common pool resource.     

Water resources and land use and cover in a humid region: the southeastern United States

It is widely recognized that forest and water resources are intricately linked. Globally, changes in forest cover to accommodate agriculture and urban development introduce additional challenges for water management. The U.S. Southeast typifies this global trend as predictions of land-use change and population growth suggest increased pressure on water resources in coming years. Close attention has long been paid to interactions between people and water in arid regions; however, based on information from regions such as the Southeast, it is evident that much greater focus is required to sustain a high-quality water supply in humid areas as well. To that end, we review hydrological, physicochemical, biological, and human and environmental health responses to conversion of forests to agriculture and urban land uses in the Southeast. Commonly, forest removal leads to increased stream sediment and nutrients, more variable flow, altered habitat and stream and riparian communities, and increased risk of human health effects. Although indicators such as the percentage of impervious cover signify overall watershed alteration, the threshold to disturbance, or the point at which effects can been observed in stream and riparian parameters, can be quite low and often varies with physiographic conditions. In addition to current land use, historical practices can greatly influence current water quality. General inferences of this study may extend to many humid regions concerning climate, environmental thresholds, and the causes and nature of effects.     

关于汽车内饰塑料件气候交变试验的分析

通过对高温条件、低温条件、温湿条件的试验机理进行分析,对气候交变试验标准的合理性提出了质疑,并给出一种对比验证的方法进行验证,以期规范和有机统一不同的气候交变试验标准。另外还探讨了气候交变试验在验证产品生命周期上的意义以及气候交变试验与功能试验结合的必要性。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from an ultisol of the humid tropics under maize-groundnut rotation

Nitrous oxide (N20) contributes to global climate change and agricultural soils seem to be the major source. Lack of information led to this study on the influence of different amounts and sources of nitrogen on N2O emission from a maize (Zea mays L.)-groundnut (Arachis hypogae L.) crop rotation in an Ultisol of the humid tropics. The treatments were: inorganic N + crop residues (NC), inorganic N only (RN), and half of inorganic N + crop residues + chicken manure (NCM). The corresponding amount of N applied was 322, 180, and 400 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The N2O emissions depended on the amounts and types of N. A maximum peak (9,889 +/- 2,106 microg N2O-N m(-2) d(-1)) was detected at 2 wk before maize sowing amended with chicken manure, showing a persistent influence on N transformations and N2O release. The mineral N from either applied source became low by 2 to 4 wk, coinciding with the small N2O fluxes or its consumption to a few isolated instances. The N2O flux significantly correlated with the mineral N and water-filled pore spaces. The direct annual N2O emission was 3.94 +/- 0.23, 1.90 +/- 0.08, and 1.41 +/- 0.07 kg N2O-N ha(-1) from the NCM, NC, and RN treatments, respectively. The corresponding N2O-N loss of the applied N plus N fixed by groundnut was 0.83, 0.49, and 0.59%. Overestimations of direct annual N2O emission using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology suggest a location-specific emission factor for variable N sources to be considered.     

电子元器件的腐蚀

电子元器件在大气环境下,因潮湿及其它条件下会发生大气腐蚀,从而导致其材料产生腐蚀,电子结构系统发生故障如短路、点接触不良等.本文简单论述了因空气污染、塑料和有机物分解气体等导致的电子元器件的大气腐蚀原理及原因.     

蜂窝电话用锂离子电池的环境试验

国家标准GB/T18287-2000《蜂窝电话用锂离子电池总规范》中明确规定了锂离子电池的20℃常温,高温,恒定湿热性能,震动,碰撞,自由跌落等环境试验的具体方法及环境试验后的放电性能测试方法。     

印制电路板组件“三防”试验失效分析与案例

通过"三防"试验分析与案例,提高三防设计或工艺的科学性、合理性。本文阐述了湿热、盐雾、霉菌试验失效主要原因与案例,本文阐述了影响聚对二甲苯气相沉积涂敷,镀覆,液态涂料涂敷,应力筛选,密封等试验失效因素,从试验方法、工艺控制、材抖选择等诸多方面进行分析,探讨"避免"失效的措施。     

湿热试验设备改造实践研究

湿热试验箱的正常工作的首要条件就是稳定的供水。当前使用的湿热试验箱,由于加湿用水直接采自于市政用水,锅炉水垢一直是影响温湿度试验设备正常运行的一大难题。在日常工作中,为了排除锅炉水垢,尝试了各种办法,实践中发现离子交换方法最为方便,因此通过改造现有试验箱水路结构,以压力引流方式,加入水处理装置,通过水路管道和开关引导加湿用水经过p H调节、过滤、防护、检测仪表、加压等装置,最终进入湿热试验箱锅炉内部,提高进入锅炉的水质,有效解决锅炉水垢的问题。     

塑料在湿热和亚湿热气候大气暴露与人工加速试验相关性探讨

介绍塑料在海南湿热和广州亚湿热气候大气暴露试验与人工模拟加速试验结果,寻求塑料在不同条件下老化后性能的变化规律,并探讨塑料大气暴露试验与人工模拟加速试验之间性能变化的相关性。     

Characterizing Rainwater Harvesting Performance and Demonstrating Stormwater Management Benefits in the Humid Southeast USA

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has traditionally been implemented in areas with (semi) arid climates or limited access to potable water supplies; however, recent droughts in the humid southeastern United States have led to increased implementation of RWH systems. The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) present usage characteristics and performance results for four RWH systems installed in humid North Carolina (NC) as compared with systems located in arid/semiarid regions and (2) identify system benefits and modifications that could help improve the performance of RWH systems installed in humid regions of the world. For this study four RWH systems were installed in NC. Their usage was monitored for at least one year and compared with similar studies. Results revealed that dedicated water uses and usage characteristics for RWH systems in NC differed from those previously reported in the literature. Two of the systems studied met 100 and 61% of the potable water demand with designated uses of animal kennel flushing and greenhouse irrigation, respectively. The designated uses yielding the greatest potable water replacement were often seasonal or periodic, thus necessitating the need for identifying and implementing secondary objectives for these systems, namely, stormwater management. Otherwise, the expense and effort required to implement RWH systems in humid areas will most likely preclude their use.