土地集约利用潜力测算方法初探

土地集约利用潜力测算研究是充分挖掘城市土地利用潜力的基础。概述了现有土地集约利用潜力测算方法并进行了分析，针对现有测算方法存在的不足提出了改进的正多边形法，运用改进的正多边形法能动态地反映土地集约利用程度、各指标的均衡性与协调性，以及挖潜潜力的方向。土地集约利用潜力测算研究能使土地集约利用评价的成果更好运用于实践。     

开发区土地集约利用评价——以辽宁炮台经济开发区为例

综合调查分析大连市炮台开发区土地集约利用现状，建立土地集约利用评价指标体系，利用特尔斐法确定指标权重，进而计算土地集约利用度，并分别从扩展潜力、结构潜力、强度潜力、管理潜力四个方面计算土地集约利用强度。综合分析土地集约利用度与土地集约利用潜力强度计算结果表明，炮台开发区土地集约度分值达到86．16％，土地集约利用水平较高，土地利用强度潜力较小。未来土地利用潜力主要为扩展潜力，不存在管理潜力，从而对炮台开发区未来发展土地集约利用提出相应建议与措施。     

西宁市建设用地集约利用潜力研究

在分析和评价西宁市建设用地现状的基础上,建立了建设用地集约利用评价体系,对建设用地集约利用水平进行了评价,并测算出城市建设用地的经济潜力.结果表明,西宁市市区建设用地集约利用处于适度水平,建设用地经济潜力为356.67hm2,提出了西宁市建设用地集约利用的建议.     

"城中村"改造与城市土地集约利用研究——以济南市为例

研究"城中村"改造中土地集约利用的潜力及可行性,探索城市土地集约利用的有效途径,采取文献资料法和实例分析法进行研究。研究结果表明,一方面"城中村"土地利用混乱,效率低下,而且各种配套设施极不完善,给城市建设带来诸多问题急需改造;另一方面,"城中村"大量低效利用的土地经过开发整合具有很大的开发潜力,并具有可行性。"城中村"的改造需要政策支持和科学的规划,才能最大限度地发挥土地价值,达到土地集约利用的三效合一。     

衡阳市城市土地集约利用研究

随着衡阳市工业化、城市化和现代化的迅速发展,土地问题已成为制约衡阳市经济发展的关键因素.对城市土地集约利用进行了研究,不断提高城市土地利用效率,有利于城市土地资源的优化配置和合理利用.在介绍衡阳市土地概况的基础上,采用层次分析法,从影响城市土地利用的因素出发,选择土地投入水平、土地利用程度、土地经济产出、社会生态效益四个准则层建立了适合衡阳市城市土地集约利用的评价指标体系.对衡阳市2000-2006年的土地集约利用分值进行了计算,结果表明衡阳市处于基本集约利用的状态,集约利用水平呈曲线上升趋势,并在分析评价结果的基础上提出了实现衡阳市城市土地集约利用的建议.     

城市内区域土地集约利用综合评价探讨——以唐山市乐亭县为例

城市内区域土地集约利用评价能够反映各区域土地集约利用程度，为完善城市总体规划提供依据。以唐山市乐亭县为例，建立一套切实可行的城市内区域土地集约利用评价指标体系，运用多因素综合评价法进行评价。评价结果表明，新区高于旧区、中心区高于城市边缘区的集约特性，区域问土地集约利用程度差异巨大，城市土地利用的重点应放在已建成区土地的挖潜改造上，走内涵集约式发展道路，最大程度地提高城市土地利用效益。     

沿海城市土地集约利用水平演变研究——以大连市为例

根据城市土地集约利用涵义,综合考虑沿海城市化进程中城市土地集约利用的经济、社会与环境效益,选取了大连市1997—2007年8项指标,运用主成分分析法进行城市土地集约利用水平评价。在评价基础上结合大连城市发展特征,分析了城市土地集约利用水平演变趋势和阶段性。结果表明,大连城市土地集约利用水平逐年提高,且具有缓慢的连续性和骤增的阶段性特征。连续性提高是由于城市人口、经济聚集、经济容量增大、人口密度增加、城市设施局部优化完善使城市土地集约利用水平不断提高;阶段性提高是由于建成区土地面积扩张期伴随大幅度城市用地结构的优化调整和城市设施的整体完善过程,使城市土地集约利用水平显著提高。     

城市化过程中的土地集约利用途径

城市化过程中土地的集约利用是一个非常重要的课题.通过对我国城市化现状及土地利用存在问题的分析,研究了土地集约利用的途径,指出加快我国城市化进程,从经济结构和产业结构布局的基础上进行城市发展布局和制定土地利用规划,利用土地市场进行土地资源的配置是实现土地集约利用的有效途径.     

产业结构高级化与城市土地集约利用关系的实证研究——以武汉市为例

为实证分析武汉市产业结构高级化与城市土地集约利用的内在关系,利用1991-2010年数据建立VAR模型,并进行脉冲响应分析和方差分解.研究结果表明:①产业结构高级化与城市土地集约利用之间存在着较强的正向交互响应作用,且长期的响应作用程度更显著、更稳定;②产业结构高级化对来自城市土地集约利用的冲击响应更强烈,而城市土地集约利用对产业结构高级化的冲击响应较弱;③产业结构高级化、城市土地集约利用均显著受到自身波动的影响.因此,武汉市政府应采取长期的政策,将城市土地集约利用政策和产业政策结合起来,提高城市土地资源利用率,因地制宜,转变经济增长方式,实现武汉市经济协调、持续、稳定发展.     

基于经济效益的成都市土地集约利用评价研究

在立足供需角度分析影响城市土地集约利用因素的基础上,使用因子分析和聚类分析法对成都近年分区县城市土地集约利用的经济效益进行评价.结果表明,人口规模、经济水平和产业结构成为影响到成都城市土地集约利用的关键因素;成都市区县土地利用集约化程度逐年改善,距离中心城区的空间距离大小直接影响到成都市土地集约利用程度,人口密度是促使土地集约利用的最重要驱力.     

滇中城市群产业结构与用地结构关联研究

城市群产业结构与用地结构的协调发展有利于提高滇中城市群用地的空间绩效,优化城市群产业结构,提升城市群的整体功能.运用比例变化指数和Granger因果关系方法研究了滇中城市群产业结构和土地利用之间的变化关系：滇中城市群产业结构变化滞后于城市土地结构变化,城市土地结构变化和产业结构变化的差距呈先增加后减少的趋势,即滇中城市群产业结构和土地利用结构由非同步变化逐渐进入同步变化轨迹;短期内,滇中城市群产业结构变化促进了优化土地利用,土地利用变化又反作用于产业结构,但滇中产业结构和用地结构未出现同步变化规律,说明滇中产业结构和土地的因果关系结构要在长期发展才可能实现.     

WATER QUALITY IN AGRICULTURAL,URBAN, AND MIXED LAND USE WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Water quality and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution are important issues in many areas of the world, including the Inner Bluegrass Region of Kentucky where urban development is changing formerly rural watersheds into urban and mixed use watersheds. In watersheds where land use is mixed, the relative contributions of NPS pollution from rural and urban land uses can be difficult to separate. To better understand NPS pollution sources in mixed use watersheds, surface water samples were taken at three sites that varied in land use to examine the effect of land use on water quality. Within the group of three watersheds, one was predominately agriculture (Agricultural), one was predominately urban (Urban), and a third had relatively equal representation of both types of land uses (Mixed). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, pH, temperature, and streamflow were measured for one year. Comparisons are made among watersheds for concentration and fluxes of water quality parameters. Nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the Agricultural watershed. Total suspended solids, turbidity, temperature, and pH, were found to be generally higher in the Urban and Mixed watersheds. No differences were found for streamflow (per unit area), total phosphorus, and ammonium concentrations among watersheds. Fluxes of orthophosphate were greater in the Agricultural watershed that in the Urban watershed while fluxes of TSS were greater in the Mixed watershed when compared to the Agricultural watershed. Fluxes of nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus did not vary among watersheds. It is apparent from the data that Agricultural land uses are generally a greater source of nutrients than the Urban land uses while Urban land uses are generally a greater source of suspended sediment.     

Managing the adverse thermal effects of urban development in a densely populated Chinese city

Guangzhou city in South China has experienced an accelerated urban development since the 1980s. This paper examines the impact of the urban development on urban heat islands through a historical analysis of urban-rural air temperature differences. Remote sensing techniques were applied to derive information on land use/cover and land surface temperatures and to assess the thermal response patterns of land cover types. The results revealed an overriding importance of urban land cover expansion in the changes in heat island intensity and surface temperature patterns. Urban development was also related to a continual air temperature increase in the 1980s and 1990s. The combined use of satellite-derived vegetation and land cover distributions with land surface temperature maps provides a potential useful tool for many planning applications. The city's greening campaigns and landscaping designs should consider the different cooling effects of forest, shrubs and grassy lawns for temperature control and should plant more tall trees.     

基于微观尺度的城市建设用地集约利用评价——以西宁市为例

以西宁市市区2008年建设用地数据为依据,选择居住用地、商业用地和工业用地的典型宗地,运用综合评价法测算出各类型宗地的土地利用集约度.从整体上看,西宁市工业用地集约利用水平最高,居住用地次之,商业用地集约利用水平最低.     

A review of methods of public land ownership and allocation for housing in Iran

In the aftermath of the 1979 revolution, the new administration adopted a number of policies to address the question of land ownership, supply and allocation in order to tackle the acute shortage of housing in the urban areas. In 1982, the Five‐Year Urban Land Act was passed by the Parliament. Subsequently a body called the Urban Land Organisation (ULO) was set up to co‐ordinate the process of land preparation and allocation. The 1982 Urban Land act empowered the government to: (a) expropriate certain categories of abandoned urban land, and (b) to set a temporary time schedule of five years during which the act's work will be monitored.

This paper sets out to examine the policies related to urban land which have been introduced and implemented in the 1980s in Iran.     

An analysis of urban development and its environmental impact on the Tampa Bay watershed

Urbanization has transformed natural landscapes into anthropogenic impervious surfaces. Urban land use has become a major driving force for land cover and land use change in the Tampa Bay watershed of west-central Florida. This study investigates urban land use change and its impact on the watershed. The spatial and temporal changes, as well as the development density of urban land use are determined by analyzing the impervious surface distribution using Landsat satellite imagery. Population distribution and density are extracted from the 2000 census data. Non-point source pollution parameters used for measuring water quality are analyzed for the sub-drainage basins of Hillsborough County. The relationships between 2002 urban land use, population distribution and their environmental influences are explored using regression analysis against various non-point source pollutant loadings in these sub-drainage basins. The results suggest that strong associations existed between most pollutant loadings and the extent of impervious surface within each sub-drainage basin in 2002. Population density also exhibits apparent correlations with loading rates of several pollutants. Spatial variations of selected non-point source pollutant loadings are also assessed.