东北Shi蛄资源及其开发利用

东北Ｓｈｉ蛄是世界淡水螯虾的一种，在我国仅产于黑龙江流域，是风味独特的水产珍品，但未被人们重视。本文根据近年来的部分研究成果，初步报道了东北Ｓｈｉ蛄资源现状生物学，特性及其经济价值，并提出开发利用途径。     

徐州市黄河故道水污染情况分析与处理方法讨论

根据实验和分析,黄河故道非溶解性有机物浓度较低,水污染主要是由工业废水引起的,补充水主要来源于雨水并有稀释作用的蛄论。根据实际情况提出用植物法(凤眼莲)处理的建议,并做了混凝法处理的实验,得出用铁盐混凝剂效果较好的结论。     

东北地区盐碱泡沼渔业开发技术

盐碱泡沼广泛分布于东北地区的中、西部，是该区域宜渔国土资源的主要类型之一．根据１９８８～１９９５年东北松辽平原农业综合开发的实践，本文以大安市试验示范区为例，初步介绍了盐碱泡沼渔业开发的６项主要技术措施，以供同类地区借鉴。     

中国省域展览业生态效率演变及空间格局研究

加快展览经济绿色转型升级是实现展览业高质量发展的关键环节。综合运用考虑非期望产出的Super-SBM模型和Malmquist生产率指数对2011—2020年中国30个省份展览业的生态效率进行测度，利用标准差椭圆勾勒展览业生态效率空间演变轨迹，并借助莫兰指数分析其空间关联格局。结果表明：(1)2011—2020年，全国省域展览业生态效率呈波动下降趋势，处于较低效率阶段，且形成“东部>东北>西部>中部”的空间分布格局，纯技术效率驱动生态效率优化发展效用有待加强。(2)中国展览业生态效率存在集聚特征，生态效率重心呈现向“东北—东南—东北”方向移动的趋势。(3)各省份展览业生态效率呈现由强向弱的空间关联格局，其发展模式以低—低集聚为主、低—高集聚次之，空间集聚模式待优化。     

东北大平原商品粮基地的农业资源开发对策

东北大平原商品粮基地的农业资源开发对策武志杰（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳１１００１５）晁岳侠，曾丽娟，王萍（黑龙江省八五三农场）东北大平原覆盖黑龙江、吉林、辽宁（不含朝阳区）和内蒙古呼盟，主要由三江平原、松嫩平原、辽中平原等七个类型区组成。土...     

我国城市生活垃圾处理的市场化对策探讨

本文通过对城市生活垃圾的产生、处理现状的分析,看到垃圾处理的严峻性和刻不容缓的态势,提出我国城市垃圾处理必须走市场化道路的对策。领先全民参与、人人动手解决垃圾污染问题,促进城市垃圾蛄量化、无害化、资源化进程。尽快稳步提高我国城市垃圾处理水平,实现我国城市处理的市场化、产业化。     

试论福建省近海山区县生态建设与发展

柘荣县是福建东北部典型的近海山区县。柘荣县运用循环经济原理，合理配置自然资源，因地制宜实现产业与环境的优势互补，以生态化发展来实现社会-经济-自然复合生态系统的整体协调，努力实践近海山区县生态建设。     

桐坑之旅 一路自然，一路山水

桐坑，名不见经传之地，处皖南绩溪县东北部原胡家乡境内。从绩溪县城到桐坑村，沿途可观登源河、龙川，从车窗掠过的是青秀山水、点点牛羊、粉墙黛瓦、袅袅炊烟，不时可见桃源般的村落。     

珲春东北虎何以频繁捕食家畜?

2010年适逢农历虎年,威猛的老虎形象已经充斥于大街小巷。然而对于生活于吉林省珲春国家级自然保护区内与东北虎有亲密接触的农民来说,这实在不能算一个好年。珲春东北虎国家级自然保护区成立于2001年,是我国第一个以东北虎、远东豹及其栖息地为主要保护对象的自然保护区,保护区成立后,东北虎在保护区内的活动与日俱增,这对保护区是件好事;然而,发生在保护区内的东北虎频繁捕食家畜事件令保护区的工作人员头痛不已。一头接一头的大型家畜被东北虎捕食,不仅给当地农民造成了巨大的经济损失,对其心理上的伤害也是难以形容的。     

环境执法要适应历史性转变

华东、华南、西北、西南、东北5大环境保护督查中心和上海、广东、四川、北方、东北、西北6个核与辐射安全监督站的组建，充分说明了国家领导人对环境监管能力的重视，显示了国家环保总局加强环境执法监督，构建完备监察体系的决心，体现了环境执法能力建设的重要性和紧迫性。     

Tennessee Valley Authority's Clean Water Initiative: Building Partnerships for Watershed Improvement

River Action Teams at the Tennessee Valley Authority are working with other government agencies, universities, landowners, and businesses and industries - by watersheds and often across state boundaries - to clean up the Tennessee River system. Teams collect data about water resource conditions and develop co-operative projects to protect unique resources and solve high priority pollution problems.     

伊犁河谷生态旅游形象定位及产品设计

生态旅游资源是生态旅游开发的基础,但拥有旅游资源并不等于就拥有旅游产品,旅游资源要成为旅游产品,还必须根据市场需求进行形象设计、加工和再创造。伊犁河谷具有得天独厚的生态环境和世所罕见的生物多样性特征,是开发生态旅游产品、发展生态旅游的理想之地。以伊犁河谷生态旅游源为基础,塑造伊犁河谷生态旅游形象,设计开发特色生态旅游产品。     

伊犁河谷生态旅游资源环境分析及评价

伊犁河谷地理位置独特，特殊的气候及水文条件孕育了丰富的生态旅游资源，具备开展生态旅游的资源基础。从自然环境和人文环境两个方面分析了伊犁河谷生态旅游资源形成的条件，在对伊犁河谷生态旅游资源分类的基础上，采用定性与定量相结合的方法对伊犁河谷适宜开展生态旅游的景区（点）进行了综合评价，以期为制定伊犁河谷生态旅游开发与发展战略提供依据。     

塔里木河流域综合治理的环境影响趋势分析

塔里木河流域综合治理已被列入国家和自治区的重点工程,本文分析了目前塔河流域的环境现状和的问题,着重讨论了综合治理规划实施对塔河流域环境的影响趋势。     

THE RED RIVER FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEM AND RECENT FLOOD EVENTS1

ABSTRACT: The 1950 flood disaster in the Red River Valley, Manitoba, and particularly in Winnipeg made all levels of government aware of the need for control measures. The principal elements of the system which was implemented were two large excavated diversion channels, a storage reservoir, and ring dykes around several small communities. In terms of cost and size, the flood control system is the largest in Canada and despite Federal contributions amounting to nearly 60 percent of the final cost, it represented a considerable fiscal burden for the comparatively small population of Manitoba. Between the opening of the Red River Floodway in 1968 and 1979, a series of exceptional spring peak flows on the Red and Assiniboine Rivers demonstrated the benefits of such a system to a degree which could not have been anticipated at the time the projects were being considered. Furthermore, maximum spring discharges from 1913 to 1978 show a clear rising trend, indicating that the flood hazard is becoming even more severe than was initially assumed; if this trend continues, future benefits will continue to exceed expectations. The overall effectiveness of the hazard reduction program in the Red River Valley, however, has suffered from continued development in unprotected areas. Recent federal-provincial agreements have been reached which will substantially reduce this problem and place greater emphasis on improving the non-structural components of an overall flood hazard reduction program.     

开发右江河谷的芒果资源

芒果称为“热带果王”，百色右江河谷芒果资源丰富。文章分析了右江河谷的生态环境、开发利用芒果的有利条件、效益评价、发展前景预测，以及开发利用的措施。     

Bioaccumulation of selenium from natural geologic sources in western states and its potential consequences

Ecological impacts of water-quality problems have developed in the western United States resulting from the disposal of seleniferous agricultural wastewater in wetland areas. Overt effects of selenium toxicosis occurred at five areas where deformities of wild aquatic birds were similar to those first observed at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in the west-central San Joaquin Valley of California. These areas are: Tulare Lake Bed Area, California, Middle Green River Basin, Utah, Kendrick Reclamation Project Area, Wyoming, Sun River Basin, Montana, and Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, Nevada. Potential for ecological damage is indicated at six more sites in Oregon, Colorado, the Colorado/Kansas border, and South Dakota out of 16 areas in 11 states where biological tissue data were collected. This conclusion is based on the fact that selenium bioaccumulated in bird livers to median levels that had exceeded or were in the range associated with adverse reproductive effects. Selenium concentrations in samples of fish and bird eggs support these conclusions at a majority of these areas. Reason for concern is also given for the lower Colorado River Valley, although this is not exclusively a conclusion from these reconnaissance data. Biogeochemical conditions and the extent of selenium contamination of water, bottom sediment, and biota from which this assessment was made are given here. In a companion paper, the biogeochemical pathway postulated for selenium contamination to take place from natural geologic sources to aquatic wildlife is defined.     

积极发展节水农业、改善塔河生态环境--走农业可持续发展的道路

新疆塔河流域农业发展面临严峻的水资源形势,发展节水农业,提高水分利用效率和效益势在必行。本文阐述了近年来塔河流域农业高效用水的有效途径及塔河流域发展节水型农业的新思路。     

VALIDATION OF THE SWAT MODEL ON A LARGE RWER BASIN WITH POINT AND NONPOINT SOURCES1

ABSTRACT: The State of Texas has initiated the development of a Total Maximum Daily Load program in the Bosque River Watershed, where point and nonpoint sources of pollution are a concern. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was validated for flow, sediment, and nutrients in the watershed to evaluate alternative management scenarios and estimate their effects in controlling pollution. This paper discusses the calibration and validation at two locations, Hico and Valley Mills, along the North Bosque River. Calibration for flow was performed from 1960 through 1998. Sediment and nutrient calibration was done from 1993 through 1997 at Hico and from 1996 through 1997 at Valley Mills. Model validation was performed for 1998. Time series plots and statistical measures were used to verify model predictions. Predicted values generally matched well with the observed values during calibration and validation (R²≥ 0.6 and Nash‐Suttcliffe Efficiency ≥ 0.5, in most instances) except for some underprediction of nitrogen during calibration at both locations and sediment and organic nutrients during validation at Valley Mills. This study showed that SWAT was able to predict flow, sediment, and nutrients successfully and can be used to study the effects of alternative management scenarios.     

Spatial and Temporal Variations in Phosphorus Loads in the Illinois River Basin,Illinois USA

Total phosphorus (TP) loads in many rivers in the north-central United States have increased, including the Illinois River at Valley City, Illinois, USA, which increased 39% from the periods 1989–1996 to 2015–2019 despite efforts to reduce loads from point and nonpoint sources. Here, we quantify long-term variations in phosphorus (P) loads in the Illinois River and its tributaries and identify factors that may be causing the variations. We calculated river loads of dissolved (DP) and particulate P (PP), total and volatile suspended solids (TSS and VSS), and other potentially related constituents at 41 locations. DP loads generally increased and PP and TSS loads generally decreased from 1989–1996 to 2015–2019. During 1989–1996, P accumulated in the lower basin between Marseilles and Valley City (excluding monitored tributaries). This portion of the basin is very flat and accumulates sediment. During 2015–2019, this section shifted from being a net sink to being a net source of P, accounting for 78% of the increased TP load at Valley City. We present evidence supporting several mechanisms that could have caused this shift: increased DP and chloride loads, reduced sulfate and nitrate concentrations influencing ionic strength and redox potential in the sediments, and increased VSS loads at Valley City possibly indicating greater algal production and contributing to hypoxia in lower river sediments. Additional research is needed to quantify the relative importance of these mechanisms.