大孔吸附树脂的研究及在环保中的应用

介绍了大孔吸附树脂的发展历史、分类和吸附机理,重点论述了大孔吸附树脂在含酚、含卤代烃、含苯胺、含重金属废水以及有机废气等环保领域中的应用,并对大孔树脂的发展进行了展望。     

大孔吸附树脂（XH－1）处理含酚废水的研究

本文就ＸＨ－１型大孔吸附树脂对含酚废水处理性能进行了研究，探索了吸附平衡时间，确立了吸附体系Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温式，找到了树脂在不同再生剂中最佳工艺条件，发现了吸附、脱附过程分别具有二级和一级反应动力学特征，并得到其表现活化能．     

大孔吸附树脂（XH—1）处理含酚废水的研究

本文就XH－1型大孔吸附树脂对含酚废水处理性能进行了研究，探索了吸附平衡时间，确立了吸附体系Freundjich等温式，找到了树脂在不同再生剂中最佳工艺条件，发吸附，脱附过程分别具有二级和一级反应动力学特征，并得到其表现活化能。     

XDA-1型大孔吸附树脂对水中氯仿的吸附性能

研究了XDA-1型大孔吸附树脂对用自来水配制的低浓度溶液中氯仿的动态吸附能力,以及浓度、流速、温度和pH等因素对吸附过程的影响.结果显示,采用XDA-1大孔树脂吸附水中的氯仿,其吸附效率可达99%以上,泄漏点前的吸附量为160mg/ml.采用热空气热解吸方式回收氯仿,回收率达85%,为含氯仿工业废水的处理提出一种新的处理工艺.     

大孔树脂吸附处理卤代烃废气

采用大孔树脂吸附处理化工行业排放的卤代烃废气,通过预处理除去酸性组分、优化设计参数,使一般特征污染因子的平均净化效率达到99%以上,排放浓度达到《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB16297-1996)中的二级标准,结果表明,大孔树脂吸附适用于化工行业卤代烃废气的处理。     

树脂固定床吸附含酚废水预测模型研究

针对应用于实际工业化的树脂固定床吸附研究较少,而与之相关的固定床吸附穿透曲线可以用来确定固定床吸附操作参数,为固定床的设计和实际操作提供指导。通过对恒定波振荡理论和吸附等温方程的联合,来预测固定床吸附穿透曲线;并研究了不同操作条件对大孔弱碱树脂吸附对硝基酚穿透曲线预测模型的影响。以期望为树脂固定床的设计和实际工业应用产生指导意义。     

超高交联树脂对酚类化合物吸附动力学研究

文章重点研究超高交联树脂NDA-100对苯酚的静态吸附动力学,通过动力学实验探讨了不同温度和初始浓度对吸附苯酚的影响,实验结果表明:苯酚在NDA-100树脂上的静态吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程,其吸附速率受膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制,对于高浓度的苯酚溶液微孔填充占主导作用,而低浓度的苯酚溶液表现为先经过大孔吸附后经由微孔填充两个阶段,低浓度吸附时出现双平台动力学现象。进一步阐述了超高交联树脂对于酚类化合物的吸附机理,为树脂固定床吸附酚类化合物的研究和实际工业应用提供理论基础。     

双效精馏-吸附联合工艺处理DMF废水

提出以双效精馏-吸附联合工艺处理DMF废水。采用双效精馏将DMF废水中的DMF回收为99.8%以上的产品;采用大孔树脂对双效精馏后产生的少量DMA和DMF进行吸附,使其达到国家排放标准,并例举了该工艺在工程上的应用实例。     

磁性离子交换树脂对模拟水中四环素的吸附特性研究

采用静态实验研究了溶液中四环素在磁性离子交换树脂上的吸附行为,考察了反应物初始浓度,初始p H值等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了吸附动力学、吸附等温线模型和吸附热力学,并阐明了吸附机制。结果表明:磁性离子交换树脂对四环素具有良好的吸附效果;准二级动力学模型能更好的描述磁性离子交换树脂对四环素的吸附过程;Freundlich模型更适合描述磁性离子交换树脂对四环素的吸附平衡过程,D-R模型说明吸附过程包含离子交换作用;中性和酸性条件下磁性离子交换树脂对四环素的吸附效果较好;磁性离子交换树脂吸附四环素是自发、吸热和熵增加的反应过程,升温有利于吸附。     

吸附树脂在废水处理中的应用

介绍了吸附树脂在废水处理（重点介绍处理含酚废水、含酸废水、含磺胺废水）中的应用。吸附树脂法处理废水具有可深度净化、处理效率高、对有机物有浓缩分离的优点，效果明显，在实际中有较大应用前景，具有显著的环境效益和经济效益，在水处理领域必将得到更为深入的应用。     

聚合物在粘土及钻井液固体颗粒表面的吸附

围绕废弃钻井液的处理,采用非分散红外TOC仪测聚合物吸附量,研究了聚合物PAM、PHP、FA367、CPAM在粘土及钻井液固体颗粒表面的吸附特性,研究结果表明聚合物在粘土颗粒表面的吸附是高度不可逆的,聚合物高分子与粘土因氢键、静电及嵌入三种相互作用方式而吸附,阳离子型聚合物絮凝剂在钻井液固体颗粒表面比阴离子和非离子型絮凝剂有高得多的吸附性能,废弃钻井液的絮凝主要以“吸附架桥”机理为主。     

Recycle of bio-waste banana and sisal fiber filled harmlessness epoxy hybrid composite for automotive roof application

Insists of polymer matrix composite is prepared by using natural fiber facilitates high tensile, flexural, and impact toughness properties. The natural fiber utilization in the polymer matrix can overcome the synthetic fiber demerits of poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and high cost. The present research investigates developing a low-cost, environmentally eco-friendly epoxy hybrid composite using different volume percentages of chopped natural waste banana (0Vol%, 5Vol%, 10Vol%, and 15Vol%) and sisal fiber (0Vol%, 15Vol%, 10Vol%, and 5Vol%) through hand mould hot compression technique. The presence of natural waste banana and sisal fiber on tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal adsorption properties of the epoxy hybrid composite are evaluated by ASTM test standards. The ASTM standard measured test results of epoxy hybrid composite with and without natural waste banana and sisal fiber were compared and sample three was identified by good tensile strength, flexural strength, and better thermal adsorption properties compared to all others. The sample three epoxy hybrid sample is recommended for automotive roof application.     

活性炭纤维及其在环境保护领域中的应用

活性炭纤维 (ACF)是一种新型高效吸附剂 ,与颗粒活性炭 (GAC)相比 ,它具有比表面积大 ,吸附速度快 ,吸附容量大等等特点。本文介绍了活性炭纤维的主要性能和它在环境领域中的应用研究。     

Removal of copper from aqueous solution by Ascophyllum nodosum immobilised in hydrophilic polyurethane foam

The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum was pre-treated by successive washes in distilled water and dilute acid, dried, and pulverised to produce particles of <150 microm. These were immobilised during the manufacturing process of Hypol 2002 polymer to form a biomass/polymer matrix that was stable and easy to handle. In making the composite a mixing speed of 360 rpm for 20-30 s with 2% (w/w) addition of surfactant to pre-polymer was found to be ideal. The average pore sizes for different water polymer mixes (expressed as volume ratios) were 1.66 mm +/- 0.98 (ratio 0.75:1), 1.58 mm +/- 0.76 (ratio 1:1), 1.64 mm +/- 0.6 (ratio 1.5:1) and 1.11 mm +/- 0.615 (ratio 2:1). The biomass/polymer was used alongside free native biomass in an initial adsorption experiment using a 0.0315 mmol dm(-3) Cu (II) solution and gave a copper uptake capacity [Formula: see text] of 0.037 mmol Cu g(-1) dry weight seaweed in both cases which represented approximately 85% of total initially available copper. In later adsorption isotherm experiments using Cu concentrations between 0.0315 and 0.944 mmol dm(-3) at pH 5.0 and immobilized biomass over five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles the biomass/polymer showed an initial lowering of adsorption capacity but stabilised at 0.23 mmol g(-1) dry weight by the third re-use. The q(max) of the immobilised biomass decreased from 0.55 and 0.416 mmol of Cu g(-1) dry weight when pH was lowered from 4.0 to 3.0, and increased from 0.576 mmol g(-1) dry weight (biomass) at 283 K to 0.636 mmol g(-1)(biomass) at 303 K.     

不同物质对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖酸的吸附研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种有毒有害的高浓度有机废水，其中含大量腐殖酸。腐殖酸具有离子交换能力、吸附能力和脱除杂质能力，因此在很多方面有实用价值。活性碳、土壤、堆肥对废水中的有机物有一定的吸附能力。本文采用正交设计的方法，研究了活性碳、土壤、堆肥在不同温度，液／固，腐殖酸初始浓度的条件下对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖酸的吸附效果。实验结果表明：四种实验因素对吸附剂的吸附能力的影响程度为：吸附剂类型〉腐殖酸的初始浓度〉吸附反应温度〉液固比。在温度为25℃，液固比为50／0．5（mL/g），腐殖酸初始浓度为41．99（mg／L），吸附剂类型为活性碳时，腐殖酸吸附量最大，为40．86mg。同时分析了响应指标随因素的变化趋势。     

焦化废水生物脱氮工艺的探讨

焦化废水是一种氨氮和有机物浓度较高的难生化降解有机废水。随着排放指标的日益严格,出现了很多焦化废水的处理新技术,而焦化废水的生物脱氮技术的发展是其中非常重要的一个方面。本文以生物脱氮硝化／反硝化反应的反应途径为线索,系统分析了国内外近年来在焦化废水生物脱氮方面的研究进展,并简要介绍了国外一些生物脱氮的新技术,包括SHARON工艺、OLAND工艺和ANAMMOX工艺。     

稠油采出含聚污水微生物处理研究

随着海外河油田聚合物驱采油技术大面积应用,含聚合物(聚丙烯酰胺)污水大量产出。针对含聚污水黏度大、含油多、乳化稳定,采用传统的污水处理方法及设施难以达到油田注水水质标准的问题,在对海外河油田含聚污水水质分析和微生物处理可行性分析的基础上,进行了微生物处理实验,实验表明:经生化处理的污水满足SY/T 5329-2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》。     

Kinetics of chromate adsorption on goethite in the presence of sorbed silicic acid

The adsorption of chromate on mineral surfaces has received much attention due to its toxicity in natural systems. Spectroscopic studies have demonstrated that chromate forms inner-sphere complexes on variable-charge surfaces. However, in natural systems chromate has been observed to be fairly mobile, which has been explained by the presence of naturally occurring ligands competing with chromate for mineral surface sites. Silicic acid is a ubiquitous ligand in soil and water environments and also sorbs strongly to variable-charge surfaces. Yet little research has examined its influence on chromate adsorption to variable-charge surfaces such as goethite. This study examined the influence of silicic acid (0.10 and 1.0 mM) on the adsorption kinetics of chromate (0.05 and 0.10 mM) on goethite over a range of common soil pH values (4, 6, and 8). The rate and total quantity of chromate adsorption decreased in all the experiments except at a pH value of 4 and a chromate concentration of 0.05 mM. The inhibition of chromate adsorption ranged from 3.1% (pH = 4, Si = 0.10 mM, chromate = 0.10 mM) to 83.3% (pH = 8, Si = 1.0 mM, chromate = 0.05 mM). The rate of chromate adsorption decreased with an increase in pH and silicic acid concentration. This was attributed to a reduction in the surface potential of goethite on silicic acid adsorption as well as a competition for surface sites. The presence of naturally occurring ligands such as silicic acid may be responsible for the enhanced mobility of chromate in natural systems and demonstrates the importance of competitive adsorption for evaluating the mobility of trace elements.     

水淬渣处理废水的研究进展

水淬渣的微观结构特殊,比表面积大,表面能高。国内外研究表明,水淬渣吸附去除废水中的Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Cr6+、As3+及磷等效果良好,而且对废水中的COD、大分子有机物、油类、苯酚等也有比较好的去除率;并研究了吸附去除的机理,对水淬渣在水处理领域的应用起到了推动作用。     

Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review

In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of activated carbon, synthetic resins, and various low-cost natural adsorbents for the removal of phenol and its derivatives from contaminated water has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon and synthetic resins, researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as coal fly ash, sludge, biomass, zeolites, and other adsorbents, which have high adsorption capacity and are locally available. The comparison of their removal performance with that of activated carbon and synthetic resins is presented in this study. From our survey of about 100 papers, low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for phenol and its derivatives compared to activated carbons. Adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are coal-reject, residual coal treated with H3PO4, dried activated sludge, red mud, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite. Of these synthetic resins, HiSiv 1000 and IRA-420 display high adsorption capacity of phenol and XAD-4 has good adsorption capability for 2-nitrophenol. These polymeric adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluents containing phenol and its derivatives as mentioned previously. It should be noted that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented here vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentrations of solutes.