市政污泥亚临界湿式氧化原位低碳处置技术

文章提出了一种基于亚临界湿式氧化处置市政污泥的原位低碳技术。该技术可在污水处理厂内直接对剩余污泥进行减量与资源化利用，省去了污泥脱水、干化、外运、储存、焚烧外加助燃料的处置过程，大幅减少了碳排放。同时，该技术可以将污泥中有机质转化为可利用的碳源，回用于污水处理过程，可以将氮、磷从污泥中回收后作为肥料利用，从污泥中分离出固体残渣作为土壤改良剂使用，具有工艺流程短、占地面积小、无需后续处置过程和污泥资源化价值高的优势，是在“双碳”目标下的一种具有竞争力的市政污泥处置新方式，具有广阔的应用前景和良好的可持续发展潜力。     

德国污水处理考虑减排的工程实例及思考

探讨污水处理系统脱氮和污泥消化中的减排潜力,即开发污泥碳源和能源。本文所列举的德国工程实例说明污泥裂解技术可以大幅改善污水处理系统的碳排放特性,并且通过污泥厌氧消化实现能源自给。     

推进市政污水处理行业低碳转型，助力碳达峰、碳中和

市政污水处理行业在探索能源节约、产热制冷、光伏发电方面取得初步成效,低碳发展的综合潜力大。为了推进行业低碳转型,需摸清全国市政污水处理行业低碳发展的底数和潜力,制定转型目标、阶段任务和考核机制,建立健全低碳标准体系,基于碳减排贡献和能源转化效果建立污水处理价格调整和运营补贴机制,设立行业低碳发展国家科技专项。为利用污水能源,需从规划层面促进区域联动。为利用沼气和污泥热能,需重视厂网系统化治理,提高进水有机物浓度,支持污泥的跨区域及与其他有机质的协同处置,将污泥处置成本纳入污水处理价格。为促进运营节能,需制定低碳标准和达标促进措施,合理确定排水标准和污泥处置标准,防止难降解有机物进入市政污水。为发展光伏发电,需补足标准并制定绩效奖励政策。     

污泥接种量对好氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

考察了污泥接种体积分别为25％、50％和75％的反应器有效容积情况下的污泥颗粒化特征。结果发现，25％体积的污泥接种量利于颗粒污泥的形成和成长，其颗粒化程度高、平均粒径大且粒径分布范围广，而50％和75％体积的污泥接种量只能形成少量细小的颗粒污泥。分析认为，悬浮分散污泥是颗粒化的一个较大障碍，较少的接种量能够提供较大的自由沉淀空间，使污泥能够实现重力分层，进而排除与颗粒污泥竞争底物的悬浮不沉降污泥，从而利于颗粒化。污泥颗粒化的直接影响因素不是沉淀时间而是自由沉淀空间。沉淀时间的缩短使自由沉淀空间增加，从而影响了污泥颗粒化进程。     

城市污水处理厂污泥的处理处置及有效利用

污泥是城市污水处理的副产品，不仅产生量大，而且成分极其复杂，如若处理不当，将会造成二次污染。同时，污泥作为三次资源，如何经济、合理地利用也是当今国内外广泛关注的问题之一。本文分析了我国城市污水处理厂污泥的特性，简介了当前城市污泥处理、处置的方法及研究进展；在大量调研国内外关于城市污泥有效利用的文献资料的基础上，概述了当前城市污泥资源化有效利用的最新技术，并指出我国城市污泥的有效利用应根据我国国情采取近期以农用为主，其他方面为辅的面向未来的资源化利用方式。     

传统活性污泥法与膜生物反应器污泥沉降性能的比较

针对污泥沉降性能，在运行条件相同的情况下对膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥法(CAS)进行比较。结果表明：CAS工艺污泥沉降性能优于MBR工艺；CAS工艺出水水质受污泥沉降性能影响大；MBR工艺污泥沉降性能主要由反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物(EPS)含量所影响，当EPS浓度大于100mg／g时，污泥沉降性能开始恶化；CAS工艺曝气池中EPS浓度没有累积；MBR工艺污泥颗粒平均粒径小于CAS工艺中污泥颗粒。     

烧污泥也能供热

众所周知，供热企业一般都是以煤炭作为燃料从事城市热电联产、集中供热的，而在合肥却有这么一家供热企业与众不同，企业的大炉子不仅烧煤还烧污泥，为城市污水处理厂解决掉棘手的污泥难题，这究竟是怎么回事？     

国内外含油污泥处理现状与建议

针对含油污泥污染和处理问题依然严峻的现状,简述含油污泥来源、危害,以及国内外含油污泥污染现状,介绍了美国、加拿大、部分欧洲国家对含油污泥的处理要求及土壤中油含量限值,分析了我国含油污泥管理的国家政策及相应法律法规。指出含油污泥处理处置主要面临历史遗留的含油污泥数量大、部分含油污泥处理难度较大、国内含油污泥处理标准不明确、国外含油污泥问题复杂等问题与挑战,并针对性地提出了含油污泥资源化、历史含油污泥减量化、新增含油污泥减量化、加强合规管理等对策与建议。     

DME-共溶剂体系对污泥脱水效果的影响及机理研究

利用DME进行污泥脱水作为一种崭新的污泥深度脱水技术具有极大的潜力。针对这一技术应用过程中尚存在DME用量过大的问题,探讨了加入不同共溶剂对DME用于污泥脱水的影响,并实测了不同反应时间、DME添加量下含水率、脱水率、结合水变化和各种有机质的变化情况。结果表明:4种共溶剂对脱水的促进效果为:乙醇甲醇丙酮氯化钠,乙醇对DME脱水的促进作用最明显。在保持相同脱水率的情况下,加入DME质量0.8%～2.4%的乙醇助剂,可以减少质量比0.45～3.7倍的DME使用量。加入助剂后DME对污泥中糖类的提取率大幅上升,表明助剂促进脱水的关键在于通过改变溶剂体系的极性水平使其更加靶向提取糖类物质,增强对糖类的溶解能力和选择性,破坏其与水的结合结构,从而有效地带出或者释放出更多的水。     

油气田废水污泥脱水处理工艺流程优化研究

油气田开发产生的污泥来源于油气田生产废水产生过程,具有干化周期长、含水率高、体积大、堆放、运输困难等特点。因此有必要对污泥脱水的工艺流程优化进行研究,提高污泥脱水效率,缩短污泥干化周期,为后续运输和处理创造必要的条件。本文选取实例,通过对污泥特性、污泥脱水剂优化选择试验和污泥脱水性能试验,提出了油气田废水污泥脱水处理工艺流程优化方案。     

气田污泥脱水工艺研究

在对气田废水处理中产生的污泥进行处理时,普遍存在着干化周期长、含水率高等问题,严重影响了废水处理装置的处理能力。脱水剂优化选择实验以及污泥脱水性能实验结果表明:先加入聚合氯化铝并搅拌15 s,再加入阴离子聚丙烯酰胺并搅拌混合30 s,最后加入FO4190SH搅拌,混合凝聚30 s后静止分层,其凝聚效果较好。在污泥脱水性能的各项指标中,真空脱水均好于重力脱水,特别是对于新鲜污泥滤层,真空(45 kPa)脱水速度比重力脱水速度约高8倍。     

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals from sewage sludge by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET

An acidophilic, sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans MET bacterium was isolated from anaerobically digested, dewatered sewage sludge. This bacterium showed sulfur-oxidizing ability at both acidic and neutral conditions, and allowed metal leaching even at a high (130 g L(-1)) sludge solids concentration. We found that low metal leaching efficiency at high solids concentration was mainly due to an increase in buffering capacity resulting in retardation of pH reduction. Therefore, metal leaching was mainly influenced not by sludge solids concentration, but by the pH (or sulfate concentration per unit sludge mass) of the sludge solutions. The relationship between the pH of the sludge solution and the efficiency of metal leaching was obtained by quantitatively investigating the effect of pH reduction or the amount of sulfate produced per unit sludge mass on leaching of each metal. Furthermore, the relationship between total metal content in the sludge and metal leached to the solution was obtained for each metal. Such a relationship allowed estimation of leachable metal at various amounts of total metal content in sludge.     

施用污泥堆肥对滩涂土壤理化性质的影响

污泥堆肥中富含有机质营养成分，可改良土壤，同时要防止重金属和病原菌等可能引起的污染。为评价污泥堆肥作为土壤改良基质的可能性，本试验系统进行了上海曲阳水质净化厂污泥堆肥／滩涂土混配土的理化性质分析。研究结果表明，污泥堆肥与滩涂土混配后，土壤pH、电导率、阳离子交换量等理化指标得到改善；营养得到补充，肥力提高明显；混配土中未见病原菌污染问题，污泥堆肥施加比例控制在30％（干重计）以内时，也不存在重金属污染风险，混配土可以满足农用要求。     

Evaluation of water treatment sludge for ameliorating acid mine waste

This study investigated the liming effect of water treatment sludge on acid mine spoils. The study was conducted with sludge from a water purification plant along the Vaal River catchments in South Africa. The optimum application rate for liming acid spoils and the speed and depth with which the sludge reacted with the mine waste were investigated. Chemical analysis indicated that the sludge is suitable as a liming agent because of its alkaline pH (8.08), high bicarbonate concentration (183.03 mg L(-1)), and low salinity (electrical conductivity = 76 mS m(-1)). The high cation exchange capacity of 15.47 cmol(c) kg(-1) and elevated nitrate concentration (73.16 mg L(-1)) also increase its value as an ameliorative material. The soluble concentrations for manganese, aluminum, lead, and selenium were high at a pH of 5 although only selenium (0.83 mg L(-1)) warranted some concern. According to experimental results, the application of 10 Mg ha(-1) of sludge to acid gold tailings increased the leach water pH from 4.5 to more than 7.5 and also increased the medium pH from 2.4 to 7.5. The addition of sludge further reduced the solubility of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the ameliorated gold tailings, but increased the electrical conductivity. The liming tempo was highest in the coal discard profile that had a coarse particle size distribution and took the longest to move through the gold tailings that had a fine particle size distribution. Results from this study indicate that the water treatment sludge investigated is suitable as a liming agent for rehabilitation of acid mine waste.     

Modeling organic carbon dynamics and cadmium fate in long-term sludge-amended soil

A model is described that may help to resolve uncertainty and controversy over the long-term consequences of sludge applications to arable land, especially with regard to the effects of sludge adsorption characteristics on trace metal solubility and bioavailability (e.g., the sludge "time bomb" or sludge "protection" hypotheses). Mass balances of organic and inorganic material derived from sludge and crop residues are simulated. Each pool has a potentially different adsorption affinity for trace metals, and this leads to changes in the adsorption capacity of sludge-amended soil that influence leaching and crop uptake. Model simulations were compared with measured changes in organic carbon and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-extractable cadmium contents in a clay loam soil following 41 years of sludge applications. The model adequately reproduced the data, although discrepancies in the vertical distribution of Cd were attributed to the effects of macropore transport and root-uptake driven recirculation. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the most important parameters affecting leaching and crop uptake were the Cd loading and parameters controlling adsorption, especially the partition coefficient for sludge-derived inorganic material and the exponent regulating the effect of pH on sorption. Scenario simulations show that no general conclusions can be drawn with respect to the validity of the sludge "time bomb" and sludge "protection" hypotheses. Either may occur, or neither, depending on three key system parameters: the ratio of sludge adsorption capacity to the initial adsorption capacity of the soil, the proportion of the sludge adsorption capacity contributed by the inorganic fraction, and the sludge Cd loading.     

无污泥化生物技术在真丝染色综合废水处理中的研究及应用

本文主要对真丝染色综合废水Ａ／Ｏ处理中所产生的污泥进行无污泥化生物处理的研究,并把技术运用在日处理９００ｔ／ｄ的综合废水生化处理装置上,设施经四年连续运行表明：出水ｐＨ＝７． ３６,ＳＳ＝４８ｍｇ／１,ＣＯＤｃｒ＝９５ｍｇ／１,ＢＯＤ５＝３８ｍｇ／１,ＮＨ３－Ｎ＝１８ ．８ｍｇ／１,出水水质指标全部达到国家规定的排放标准,该技术不仅解决了污泥的难治理问题,而且利用生物技术彻底解决了污泥的二次污染问题,还节约了可观的运行费用和投资费用,并提高了Ａ／Ｏ的处理效果。     

Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review

In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of activated carbon, synthetic resins, and various low-cost natural adsorbents for the removal of phenol and its derivatives from contaminated water has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon and synthetic resins, researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as coal fly ash, sludge, biomass, zeolites, and other adsorbents, which have high adsorption capacity and are locally available. The comparison of their removal performance with that of activated carbon and synthetic resins is presented in this study. From our survey of about 100 papers, low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for phenol and its derivatives compared to activated carbons. Adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are coal-reject, residual coal treated with H3PO4, dried activated sludge, red mud, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite. Of these synthetic resins, HiSiv 1000 and IRA-420 display high adsorption capacity of phenol and XAD-4 has good adsorption capability for 2-nitrophenol. These polymeric adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluents containing phenol and its derivatives as mentioned previously. It should be noted that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented here vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentrations of solutes.     

含油污泥处理工艺研究进展

产生于污水处理过程中的含油污泥，其含水率很高并不易沉降而难于处理，对生产与环境保护构成了极大的危害。介绍了对浓缩干化、浮选除油、降粘压滤及萃取分离等方法的研究情况，着重介绍了以“气浮-萃取-压滤”为主体的草取分离处理工艺，该工艺不但可以消除含油污泥对环境的污染危害，还可以回收污泥中的污油，为其它有机物含量高的污泥处理提供了可借鉴之路。     

废活性污泥破乳作用研究初探

利用污水处理厂的废弃活性污泥作为破乳剂，对柴油－水乳状液体系进行了破乳实验研究。结果表明，温度高时活性污泥的破乳效果好，水的脱除率可达９０％。在此基础上将活性污泥用溶剂进行抽提，提取液的破乳作用优于活性污泥。该法既能利用废活性污泥，还为替代化学破乳剂提供了可能性。     

含油污泥热解残渣吸附性能初探＊

含油污泥热解残渣的处理和应用是石油石化企业生产领域急需解决的难题。以含油污泥热解残渣为研究对象,在对其进行无害化处理的基础上,对热解残渣的吸附性能进行了探讨。通过能谱分析可知,热解残渣由碳和无机元素组成,碳元素含量达36.92%;通过SEM电镜扫描、比表面积和孔结构等吸附性质表征研究,含油污泥热解残渣吸附性能优良,对含油污水中的石油类和COD有较好的去除作用。研究结果表明:含油污泥热解残渣可作为一种吸附材料,这项研究为含油污泥热解残渣的资源化利用提供了一条途径。