气候试验箱的加湿方法

１　气候试验箱常用的几种加湿方法。１．１　蒸汽加湿法：分电热管或电极加湿及高压蒸汽喷雾加湿；１．２　水喷雾加湿法：分超声波式、离心喷雾式和水泵喷淋式；１．３　表面蒸发加湿法，用浅水盘加湿各种加湿方法的特性见表１。表１　加湿特性表表１（续）２　加湿方法的比较。２．１　蒸汽加湿法：利用气候试验箱外的热源，如电热管、电极对水槽内的水进行加热而产生蒸汽，然后蒸汽进入气候箱中，使箱内的空气加湿。箱中的湿空气在未加湿前焓值为ｉ＝１．００５ｔ＋ｄ（２５００＋１．８４ｔ）（１）式中：ｉ———为１ｋｇ干空气的湿空…     

论潮湿试验的有效性和可靠性

本文从加湿方法、湿度测量和控制方式,探讨潮湿试验的有效性和可靠性。     

PEMFC气体加湿网格化控制

利用PEMFC电池电堆运行原理,通过改造气体加湿回路,设计了一种网格化控制方法,实现了气体加湿的广度控制。     

湿热试验箱采用水蒸汽加湿法时湿度控制问题探讨

本文利用传递函数和控制框图对湿热试验设备中采用水蒸汽加湿法时湿度控制问题进行了探讨.首先找出了影响湿度控制质量的主要因素即为系统的纯滞后时间τ和时间常数T,然后针对该因素,从选取控制方式和系统的结构设计中采取各种方法,尽量减小系统的纯滞后时间τ和时间常数T,以提高湿热试验设备湿度的控制质量.     

湿度传感器在环境监测中的技术应用研究

湿度是大气环境的主要参数,利用湿度传感器对环境湿度的监测能够及时掌握环境状态.首先,分析湿度传感器的结构和工作原理,对湿度传感器接收的信号进行处理.其次,选择SHT10系列湿度传感器作为湿度监测设备,开展湿度传感器的校准.最后,针对大气湿度进行湿度试验,分析试验结果.结果显示,监测显示误差小于0.354％RH,具有一定...     

气候环境实验室加湿系统设计的关键技术研究

基于超大体量气候环境实验室加湿系统的设计,研究了几个关键性技术问题。主要涉及实验室加湿系统设计思路、干蒸汽加湿器的工作原理及主要参数设计计算,并对气候环境实验室加湿蒸汽量的需求进行了详细计算,最后针对实验室空调箱内安装干蒸汽加湿器提出了应该注意的几个问题,并给出了解决方法。     

分流式内加湿型环境箱设计

本文针对现行混凝土温度-应力试验机存在的不足,结合国家"211工程"项目要求,设计了一种新型环境箱,可用于研究温度,湿度和风速变化对混凝土的影响.创新性的采用了管道分流和内置加湿结构,可实现高精度的温度、湿度和风速调节.     

延长湿热箱加湿锅炉中加热管使用寿命的研究

湿热试验箱中加湿锅炉是保证湿热试验正常进行的重要装置,加热管的使用寿命直接关系到设备的使用可靠性,通过分析影响加热管寿命的主要因素,提出了一种对加湿锅炉的改进方法,并应用于实验室。对多台湿热试验箱进行改造后,延长加热管的使用寿命,方便设备的维护保养,提高了湿热试验箱设备的使用可靠性。     

湿热环境试验室加湿方式的选择

本文结合湿热环境试验的特点，对湿热环境试验室加湿方式选择原则属种加湿方式的特点和适用条件进行了分析，对于进行工程计有一定的参考价值。     

关于湿热试验箱加湿和除湿方法的研究

本文对湿热试验箱加湿和除湿的方法进行了深入的研究和全面论述,有助于在新型湿热试验箱开发中加湿和除湿方法的工程应用.     

Simulation of Temperature Mitigation by a Stormwater Detention Pond1

Abstract: A numerical model has been developed to simulate the hydraulic and heat transfer properties of a stormwater detention pond, as part of a simulation tool to evaluate thermal pollution of coldwater streams from stormwater runoff. The model is dynamic (unsteady) and based on principles of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. It is driven by hourly weather data, and specified inflow rates and temperatures. To calibrate and validate the pond model field data were collected on a commercial site in Woodbury, Minnesota. The relationship between pond inflow and outflow rates to precipitation was effectively calibrated using continuously recorded pond levels. Algorithms developed for surface heat transfer in lakes were found to be applicable to the pond with some modification, resulting in agreement of simulated and observed pond surface temperature within 1.0°C root mean square error. The use of an unshaded pond for thermal mitigation of runoff from paved surfaces was evaluated using the pond model combined with simulated runoff from an asphalt parking lot for six years of observed rainfall events. On average, pond outflow temperature was 1.2°C higher than inflow temperature, but with significant event‐to‐event variation. On average, the pond added heat energy to runoff from an asphalt parking lot. Although the pond added total heat energy to runoff, it did reduce the rate of heat outflow from the pond by an order of magnitude due to reductions in volumetric outflow rate compared with the inflow rate. By reducing the rate of heat flow, the magnitude of temperature impacts in a receiving stream were also reduced, but the duration of impacts was increased.     

生物技术处理废(污)水的应用现状及整改措施

长庆石油勘探局生物技术处理废（污）水的工艺中存在着如下问题：活性污泥法处理水的水质不稳定;接触氧化法缓冲池较小,氧化塘法处理污水效率低,出水水质达不到要求。为解决上述问题,提出各项整改措施。经过整改后,装置运行率、处理达标率都会有很大提高。     

An investigation of double-glass-covered trapezoidal salt-gradient solar pond coupled with reflector

In the present study, a trapezoidal salt-gradient solar pond (TSGSP) has been investigated experimentally. The top surface of solar pond has been covered with double-glass cover in order to reduce the evaporative and convective losses from the top. This results in increase of temperature even in the top zone of the solar pond and leads to more volume utilization for heat storage in the pond. A reflector made of aluminium sheet has been used to enhance the solar intensity on the solar pond during sunny hours. A procedure, to determine optimum tilt angle of reflector in order to utilize maximum amount of solar energy at noon, has been proposed. The use of reflector enhanced the average solar intensity on the top surface of solar pond by 22%. The maximum average temperature of trapezoidal solar pond with glass cover and reflector has been observed to be 70.5°C. The thermal efficiencies of LCZ, NCZ and UCZ for the trapezoidal solar pond with double-glass cover and reflector have been estimated to be 32.73%, 23.22% and 5.30%, respectively. In addition to experimental investigation, the sunny area ratio of TSGSP has been theoretically computed and compared with the cuboid solar pond having same top surface area and depth in order to see the effect of pond shape on sunny area ratio. The average yearly sunny area ratio of trapezoidal solar pond has been determined to be 11% higher than that of cuboid one.     

湿热试验设备改造实践研究

湿热试验箱的正常工作的首要条件就是稳定的供水。当前使用的湿热试验箱,由于加湿用水直接采自于市政用水,锅炉水垢一直是影响温湿度试验设备正常运行的一大难题。在日常工作中,为了排除锅炉水垢,尝试了各种办法,实践中发现离子交换方法最为方便,因此通过改造现有试验箱水路结构,以压力引流方式,加入水处理装置,通过水路管道和开关引导加湿用水经过p H调节、过滤、防护、检测仪表、加压等装置,最终进入湿热试验箱锅炉内部,提高进入锅炉的水质,有效解决锅炉水垢的问题。     

高加速应力试验装置技术参数的测量

气锤驱动的高加速应力试验装置,能产生温度和非高斯随机振动应力,其中振动应力是由多个气锤作六自由度运动产生的。一般用来进行高温步进、低温步进、快速温度变化、振动、快速温变和振动复合试验。目前国家标准和校准规程中均无关于该试验装置的技术参数的校准方法。本文结合试验装置的技术特点,提出了几个关于温度和振动技术参数的测量方法,如:温度偏差、温度波动度、温度均匀度、温度过冲量、温度变化速率、均方根加速度、横向振动比、功率谱密度等。     

BACTERIAL POPULATIONS OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS RECEIVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRESS1

ABSTRACT: Bacterial populations in a fast flowing stream receiving chemical wastes and in a slower flowing pond receiving a thermal addition 3–5°C above ambient temperature were compared with populations in a nonpolluted converging stream and an adjacent unheated pond. Parameters measured were total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, bacterial diversity, percent chromagens of the total bacterial populations, and water temperature. Analyses of monthly samples plated on dilute Standard Plate Count Agar indicated that chemical additives to the waste stream significantly decreased the percent of chromagenic bacteria, and that thermal stress significantly altered total counts and bacterial diversity in the flowing pond. The effects of potential pollutants on these aquatic systems were assessed and are discussed on the basis of results obtained over a 16-month period.     

WATER QUALITY STRATIFICATION IN SHALLOW WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS1

ABSTRACT: The physical limnology of three modern wastewater stabilization ponds serving a small community in Minnesota was investigated over a 1-year period (July 1989 - October 1990). Water temperatures and associated meteorological parameters were recorded continuously; underwater light, dissolved oxygen, pH, and Secchi depth were measured intermittently (about weekly). Measurements of nutrients and planktonic species were made by other investigators. Water quality stratification dynamics were studied by analyzing variations of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH distributions with time and over depth. Intermittent stratification and mixing of the shallow waste stabilization ponds (1–2 m deep) were documented and related to weather. The strong response of the ponds to seasonal and daily weather variations was observed. Three types of pond stratification conditions have been identified: (1) completely mixed during consecutive day and night, (2) stratified during the day and well-mixed during the night, and (3) continuously stratified during day and night. A diurnal cycle of stratification dynamics was first noticed in late April and persisted through summer and into fall. Differences in light attenuation and hence temperature stratification and DO distribution between pond 1 (primary), pond 2 (second primary) and pond 3 (secondary) in the wastewater treatment system were documented and related to different waste loading conditions. Temperature stratification affects chemical, microbial, and planktonic processes in the ponds. Results presented in this paper can be used to provide guidance for water quality sampling in monitoring of pond performance. Information on true mixing conditions is also needed to gain better understanding of important factors affecting pond operation, and for process simulations and reactor modeling of waste stabilization ponds.     

Stream and Retention Pond Thermal Response to Heated Summer Runoff From Urban Impervious Surfaces1

Abstract: Runoff from parking lots during summer storms injects surges of hot water into receiving water bodies. We present temperature data collected near urban storm sewer outfalls in Blacksburg, Virginia, using arrays of sensors in a stream and a stormwater pond. Surges occurred roughly a dozen times per month, ranging up to 8.1°C with average duration 2 h in the stream and up to 11.2°C with average duration 7 h in the pond. Surges were larger in the pond due to a larger contributing watershed, no dilution by upstream water, and cool background temperatures near the outfall. Surges began abruptly, warming at rates averaging 0.2°C/min for periods of 5‐20 min. Surges dissipated as they propagated into the water bodies, travelling further in the stream (>19 m) than the pond (～10 m) consistent with greater advection in the stream. Surges were largest and most frequent in the afternoon but occurred at all times of day and night. Stream surges exhibited two phases: an early high‐temperature low‐volume input from the storm sewer and a later low‐temperature high‐volume input from upstream. Surges at the pond did not exhibit two phases, consistent with inputs only from storm sewers. Surges are likely common in urban areas, and may cumulatively have consequences for aquatic organisms, biogeochemical process rates, and even human health. Such effects may be compounded by urban heat islands and climate change, so prevention or mitigation should be considered.     

HB6783、GB/T5170在温湿度试验箱性能指标验收中的应用

本文简要介绍了环境与可靠性试验领域试验设备系列检定标准HB 6783、GB/T 5170。以本单位某型温湿度试验箱验收为例,详细介绍了HB 6783、GB/T 5170系列温湿度试验设备检定/检验标准在温湿度试验箱性能指标验收中的应用,通过对比应用总结,指出综合比较不同检定标准中温湿度性能指标的检定项目、方法,结合本单位产品试验需求应用,是制定温湿度试验箱性能指标验收方法的最佳途径。     

电源变压器温升试验中（绕组法）的影响因素及不确定度的评估

本文中探讨的是根据绕组法计算电源变压器绕组温升的试验方法,以及对整个试验过程中环境、仪器设备、仪表、人为因素所引起的误差等对最终试验结果的影响,并对其测量不确定度进行评估。