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百口泉地下水电导率与溶解性总固体相关性讨论 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于溶解性总固体的测定较为复杂,平行性、稳定性差,而电导率的测定简便、迅速,重现性、稳定性好,若二者相关关系显著,可通过测定电导率,按一定的比例推算水中溶解性总固体的量。通过对百口泉地下水的溶解性总固体与电导率的相关性的监测、分析,经统计检验,线性关系显著,其比值范围在065~076,均值为07,即百口泉地下水的电导率1μs/cm相当于070mg/L的溶解性总固体。 相似文献
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地下水作为重要的淡水资源,在当今全球淡水资源严重短缺的条件下,开展气候变化对地下水资源的影响研究对于水资源的可持续开发利用有着重要的意义。本文总结了气候变化与地下水之间的关系以及列举了关于气候变化对地下水影响的研究方法,包括环境示踪剂方法、研究地下水及其沉积物的物理化学指标、地表水-地下水耦合数值模拟技术等;综述了我国华北地区、西北地区、东北地区以及国外部分典型区域气候变化对地下水水位、含水量、补给量、排泄量、泉流量、水温、水质、水化学成分、同位素组成、矿化度等的影响;提出了在气候变化下合理利用和管理地下水资源的若干对策,包括关注气候变化对地下水水质的影响,大力推广抗旱节水技术,减缓温室效应引起的全球气候变暖,充分利用灌区地下含水层的调蓄作用以及定量化研究气候变化和地下水之间的相互关系等。 相似文献
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冯志文 《国外农业环境保护》2010,(5):33-35
地下水对天水经济社会发展有着十分重要的作用,但由于自然和人为因素影响,流域内水环境日益恶化,严重制约着经济社会的全面发展。本文在分析天水市地下水资源的主要特点及地下水环境状况的基础上,对地下水资源的开发利用现状进行了评价,提出了地下水开发利用与保护的具体措施。 相似文献
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《环境保护与循环经济》2015,(9)
通过用火焰原子吸收分光光度法、石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对包头市集中生活饮用水水源地地表水源地和地下水中15种金属含量进行比对分析,结果表明,用前3种光谱分析方法测定地表水和地下水中金属的含量,多数元素结果低于方法检出限,且分析速度慢,效率低;而用电感耦合等离子体质谱法法测定,15种元素可同时分析,线性范围宽,检出限低,多数元素均能被检出,是首选的多元素分析最有效的方法。 相似文献
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研究了实施河南粮食核心区规划对地下水环境的影响问题,提出了科学合理利用地下水资源的对策。河南粮食核心区北部区域已出现地下水超采情况,南部区域地下水开采潜力较大。超采区应采用井灌、渠灌联合运行方式,以及雨洪补源、引黄补源、地表水与地下水联合调蓄利用、节水灌溉等措施,控制地下水水位的下降。严格控制氮肥施用强度等措施可减轻地下水硝酸盐污染负荷。在规划实施中深入研究、跟踪评价农业面源对地下水的影响程度和范围,及时采取控制措施,保护地下水水质。 相似文献
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Galbally P Fagan C Ryan D Finnan J Grant J McDonnell K 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(1):114-123
It is necessary to determine the risk of water pollution arising from amendment of organic by-products (OBs) to energy crops under Irish conditions. Therefore, the impact of landspreading two OBs on the quality of groundwater underlying plantations of Miscanthus X giganteus was assessed. Municipal biosolids and distillery effluent (DE) were spread annually (for 4 yr) on six 0.117-ha treatment plots at rates of 100, 50, and 0%. The 100% rate represented a maximum P load of 15 t ha(-1) as per Irish EPA regulation. Groundwater was sampled for 25 mo and tested for pH, electrical conductivity, NO(3)(-), orthophosphate (PO(4)(3-)), total soluble P, K(+), Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Assessment of quality was based on comparison with Irish groundwater threshold values (GTVs). The study was limited to within-plot using a "well bottom" approach and did not investigate movement of groundwater plumes or vectors of percolation through the soil profile. Mean groundwater concentrations did not exceed GTVs during the sampling period for any species, with the exception of groundwater PO(4)(3-) in the 100% DE plot, which was almost double the GTV of 0.035 mg L(-1). There was no significant build-up of nutrients or heavy metals in groundwater (or soil) for any plot. Excessive PO(4)(3-) in the 100% DE plot groundwater is likely due to high background soil P, soil characteristics, and the occurrence of macropore/soil pore flow. These factors (particularly background soil P) should be assessed when determining suitable sites for land-spreading OBs. 相似文献
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矿区地下水环境影响评价的关键问题探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着人类社会经济的快速发展,地下水环境问题日益严重,由于地下水环境影响具有隐蔽性和滞后性,在矿区建设生产前必须对地下水环境影响进行评价。结合某拟建整合灰岩矿的地下水环境影响评价,进行了实例分析,确定了保护目标、地下水环境影响识别、矿坑涌水量的计算、预测评价方法的选取等关键技术,以期为相似矿区地下水环境影响评价提供参考。 相似文献
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An approach for delineating drinking water wellhead protection areas at the Nile Delta, Egypt 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In Egypt, production has a high priority. To this end protecting the quality of the groundwater, specifically when used for drinking water, and delineating protection areas around the drinking water wellheads for strict landuse restrictions is essential. The delineation methods are numerous; nonetheless, the uniqueness of the hydrogeological, institutional as well as social conditions in the Nile Delta region dictate a customized approach. The analysis of the hydrological conditions and land ownership at the Nile Delta indicates the need for an accurate methodology. On the other hand, attempting to calculate the wellhead protected areas around each of the drinking wells (more than 1500) requires data, human resources, and time that exceed the capabilities of the groundwater management agency. Accordingly, a combination of two methods (simplified variable shapes and numerical modeling) was adopted. Sensitivity analyses carried out using hypothetical modeling conditions have identified the pumping rate, clay thickness, hydraulic gradient, vertical conductivity of the clay, and the hydraulic conductivity as the most significant parameters in determining the dimensions of the wellhead protection areas (WHPAs). Tables of sets of WHPAs dimensions were calculated using synthetic modeling conditions representing the most common ranges of the significant parameters. Specific WHPA dimensions can be calculated by interpolation, utilizing the produced tables along with the operational and hydrogeological conditions for the well under consideration. In order to simplify the interpolation of the appropriate dimensions of the WHPAs from the calculated tables, an interactive computer program was written. The program accepts the real time data of the significant parameters as its input, and gives the appropriate WHPAs dimensions as its output. 相似文献
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Spatial variation in 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid mineralization and sorption in a sandy soil at field level 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fredslund L Vinther FP Brinch UC Elsgaard L Rosenberg P Jacobsen CS 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(5):1918-1928
The phenoxyacetic acid herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) is frequently detected in groundwater beneath Danish agricultural fields. We investigated spatial variation in microbial MCPA mineralization potential in a flat agricultural field of fine sandy soil (USDA classification: Humic Dystrudept) located on the Yoldia plains of Northern Jutland, Denmark. Samples for determination of MCPA mineralization and sorption were collected from the Ap and Bs horizons at 51 sampling sites located in a 200 x 220 m grid. Spatial variation in sorption was low in both horizons (distribution coefficient, 0.36-4.16 L kg(-1)). Sorption correlated strongly with soil organic carbon content in both horizons (CV, 93 and 83%, respectively) and negatively with soil pH. [Ring-(14)C]-MCPA mineralized readily in the Ap horizon, with 49 to 62% of the (14)C-MCPA being converted to (14)CO(2) during the 67-d incubation period. With the subsoil, mineralization of (14)C-MCPA varied considerably between samples (0.5-72.8%). At neither depth was there correlation between (14)C-MCPA mineralization and sorption, soil pH, organic carbon content, clay content, number of colony-forming units (CFU), pseudomonad CFU, or any of the four microbial activity parameters measured. The presence of microbial genes encoding for the TfdA enzyme was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. No correlation was found between MCPA mineralization potential and the natural background number of tfdA genes present in the soil samples. The degradation kinetics suggests that the high (14)C-MCPA mineralization rate detected in soil samples was linked to growth of the MCPA-degrading soil microbial community. 相似文献
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Aaron R. Mittelstet Michael D. Smolen Garey A. Fox Damian C. Adams 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(2):424-431
Mittelstet, Aaron R., Michael D. Smolen, Garey A. Fox, and Damian C. Adams, 2011. Comparison of Aquifer Sustainability Under Groundwater Administrations in Oklahoma and Texas. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00524.x Abstract: We compared two approaches to administration of groundwater law on a hydrologic model of the North Canadian River, an alluvial aquifer in northwestern Oklahoma. Oklahoma limits pumping rates to retain 50% aquifer saturated thickness after 20 years of groundwater use. The Texas Panhandle Groundwater Conservation District’s (GCD) rules limit pumping to a rate that consumes no more than 50% of saturated thickness in 50 years, with reevaluation and readjustment of permits every 5 years. Using a hydrologic model (MODFLOW), we simulated river‐groundwater interaction and aquifer dynamics under increasing levels of “development” (i.e., increasing groundwater withdrawals). Oklahoma’s approach initially would limit groundwater extraction more than the GCD approach, but the GCD approach would be more protective in the long run. Under Oklahoma rules more than half of aquifer storage would be depleted when development reaches 65%. Reevaluation of permits under the Texas Panhandle GCD approach would severely limit pumping as the 50% level is approached. Both Oklahoma and Texas Panhandle GCD approaches would deplete alluvial base flow at approximately 10% development. Results suggest periodic review of permits could protect aquifer storage and river base flow. Modeling total aquifer storage is more sensitive to recharge rate and aquifer hydraulic conductivity than to specific yield, while river leakage is most sensitive to aquifer hydraulic conductivity followed by specific yield. 相似文献
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John M. Peckenham Sarah K. Peckenham 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1477-1487
Student scientists have analyzed groundwater used for drinking water in rural areas to understand groundwater quality. This was part of a greater effort to understand risks to drinking water. The data produced by middle level and high school students have not been accepted by experts because of concerns about method and student accuracy. We assessed the inherent errors associated with method accuracy, student precision, and sample variability to establish bounds for attainable trueness in water analyses. Analytical test kits and probes were evaluated for the determination of pH, conductivity, chloride, hardness, iron, total soluble metals, and nitrate. In terms of precision, all methods met or exceeded design specifications. Method trueness was variable and in general ranged from good to poor depending on method. A gage reproducibility and repeatability analysis of instrumental methods (pH and conductivity) partitioned the variances into student error (12‐46%), instrumental error (8‐21%), and random error (45‐68%). Overall, student‐generated data met some of the quality objectives consistent with the method limitations. Some methods exhibited a systematic bias and data adjustment may be necessary. Given good management of the student analyst process, it is possible to make precise and accurate measurements consistent with the methods specifications. 相似文献
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根据EDTA滴定法测定水质总硬度的实践经验,对EDTA滴定法进行改进,该改进方法和标准方法通过地表水、地下水以及总硬度标准样品的比对测定,实验证明改进方法测定结果准确、可靠,操作更加简便、快捷。 相似文献
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Understanding of groundwater salinity using statistical modeling in a small tropical island,East Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sarva Mangala Praveena Mohd Harun Abdullah Kawi Bidin Ahmad Zaharin Aris 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(3):279-287
This paper presents an understanding of groundwater salinity by identification of effective factors using chemometric methods
(cluster analysis and multiple linear regressions) in Manukan Island, Sabah. Local groundwater and environmental properties
were used to explore the effective factors of groundwater salinity. Cluster analysis showed salinity and chloride illustrated
the highest similarities. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were also grouped in the same cluster. Seawater
is the only chloride source in groundwater of Manukan Island demonstrated an indication of seawater mixing in freshwater.
It is an effect of upward movement of the seawater by pumping activities. Precipitation and evapotranspiration (environmental
condition) with hydraulic heads were clustered together to show that they also influence salinity concentration in groundwater.
Multiple linear regressions showed descending order of the factors from chloride (the largest contribution) to evapotranspiration
(the smallest contribution) and illustrated the contribution to groundwater salinity in Manukan Island. The integrated results
using chemometric methods have provided a way to identify the effective factors on groundwater salinity. This similar approach
and resulting equation can be applied in other small tropical islands with alike hydrogeological condition and limited information
available for a better understanding of its groundwater salinity. 相似文献
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Synthetic Analysis for Extracting Information on Soil Salinity Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Yanggao Basin in China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wanglu Peng 《Environmental management》1998,22(1):153-159
/ This paper reports the experience of extracting information on the salinity of soil and offers a method of synthetic analysis. The experimental areas for analysis are located in Yanggao Basin, Shanxi Province, China. The types of soil are mainly meadow soil and salinized meadow soil. The method of synthetic analysis of salinity uses a geographic information system (GIS) as a tool, building a basic saltwater analysis model of saline soil and adjusting the result with expert experience after computer processing. The method of feature extraction has been used for remotely sensed data. An optimum combination of features has been determined and, after comparing several combinations in the Yanggao region, an improved result has been obtained after Kauth-Thomas (K-T) transformation. For precise quantitative analysis of the salinization, not only Thematic Mapper (TM) remote sensing data, but also two forms of non-remote-sensing data are needed: depth of groundwater and mineralization rate of groundwater according to the theory of genesis of soil. For the analysis of synthetic compounded multisources, a generalized Bayes classification is used after overlay, matching, and related coefficients have been determined. On the premise that various information sources are independent, global membership functions with probability are used to combine various pieces of information in order to apply them directly to the pixels and classifications of soil salinity. The experiment indicates that this analytical method is sound because of the increased speed of processing and its simplicity and improved precision of classification of salinity. Finally, it is necessary to examine and adjust the factors using expert intelligence. The experiment shows that synthetic analysis using the geographic information system can raise the precision of quantitative analysis of salinity, which has advantages for environmental monitoring and management.KEY WORDS: Salinity; Remote sensing; Thematic Mapper; Geographic information system; Classification 相似文献