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国务院正式批准三江源为国家级自然保护区 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《青海环境》2003,13(1)
20 0 3年 1月 2 8日 ,备受人们关注的三江源自然保护区经国务院正式批准为国家级自然保护区 ,这标志着青海省三江源地区生态环境保护建设跨入了新的历史时期。三江源国家级自然保护区位于青海省南部 ,地处青藏高原腹地 ,是长江、黄河、澜沧江的源头地区 ,也是欧亚大陆上大江大河最多的区域 ,发育了世界上独一无二面积最大的高寒湿地、高寒荒漠等生态系统。区域生态环境变化对全球大气、水循环具有重要影响 ,关系国家生态安全。三江源自然保护区总面积为 1 5 2 3万km2 ,约占全省总面积的 2 1 % ,行政区涉及玉树、果洛、海南、黄南 4个自治州… 相似文献
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为保护好三江源地区的生态环境,多年来,国家对三江源生态保护和建设给予了政策、资金、项目等方面的支持,使工程建设取得了显著成效。文章对青海省实施三江源生态保护建设工程实施情况的主要做法和经验进行了分析总结,提出了存在的问题,并对未来三江源生态环境保护进行了展望。 相似文献
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哈希·扎西多杰(藏语“吉祥的金刚钻石”之意,以下简称“扎西”),藏族。1992年至1994年十几次进入可可西里无人区开展反偷猎藏羚羊活动。2002年3月当选为“三江源生态环境保护协会”总干事,致力于三江源生态保护和绿色社区建设工作。日前,扎西接受了笔者的专访。 相似文献
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基于三江源区特定的地理环境和严酷的自然条件,决定了天然草地畜牧业生产是三江源保护区发展的主导产业。文章通过对三江源区得天独厚的自然条件和生态条件的阐述,浅析了三江源区有机畜牧业发展的必要性和可行性,针对源区有机畜牧业发展前景提出了建议。 相似文献
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2011年中国气象局人工影响天气中心提出了CWR-PEP增雨潜力评估方法,文章应用该评估方法对2017~2019年青海省三江源地区人工增雨潜力作了评估,得出:2017~2019年青海省三江源地区人工增雨(雪)共增加降水62.18~93.26亿m~3。其中,飞机增雨作业增加降水51.00~76.51亿m~3,地面增雨作业增加降水11.18~16.75亿m~3,增雨(雪)作业补充了三江源地区水资源短缺,使扎陵湖和鄂陵湖水体面积增加,牧草覆盖度提高,江河源径流量增加。该方法对空中水资源科学合理开发提供了依据,对今后人工增雨潜力评估工作具有一定意义。 相似文献
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文章介绍了三江源自然保护区生态环境的特殊性及能源结构、方式和特点,阐述了三江源自然保护区能源建设项目的实施对生态环境的影响和效益分析。 相似文献
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Gabriele Villarini Enrico Scoccimarro Kathleen D. White Jeffrey R. Arnold Keith E. Schilling Joyee Ghosh 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(5):1361-1371
Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world. 相似文献
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Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas. 相似文献
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Brian W. Walker 《The Environmentalist》1986,6(1):9-13
Summary The author analyses the problems currently faced by the African continent, recognises six factors which he believes are important in influencing the analysis, and argues that the only secure, renewable asset any country or continent has, is its people. He maintains that people development, rather than the classical economic forms of encouraging development, offers Africa a viable way forward. He then identifies a number of specific issues within such a strategy of investment in human capital.Brian Walker is the President of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and this address was given at the inaugural meeting of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, in London, on 18th April, 1985. A second, earlier, associated address was published inThe Environmentalist 5(3) 167–170. 相似文献
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Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cherp A 《Journal of environmental management》2001,62(4):357-374
Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures. 相似文献
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Xinzhi Yu 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(6):939-959
The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA. 相似文献
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Yuriko Sakairi 《Natural resources forum》2000,24(4):313-323
This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa. 相似文献
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Zbigniew Bochniarz 《Natural resources forum》1992,16(1):55-63
Ambitious programmes of reform in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are threatened by a serious deterioration of the environment. Large-scale damage of the natural environment in many forms, including water pollution has created development barriers which adversely affect the living conditions of current and future generations. Despite similar patterns of environmental policy in the CEE countries compared with their Western counterparts, neither environmental legislation nor economic incentives have produced any significant improvement in water quality over the last 10–20 years. For that very reason in the transition period, it is necessary to identify existing deficiencies in the system and to build up a mixed system of new institutions of water management, more realistic legislation with a strong enforcement system, and market based incentives for water conservation and protection against pollution. 相似文献
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As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations. 相似文献