推进低碳经济发展的激励机制设计

近年来,全球气候变化对人类社会的影响日益明显,应对全球气候变化已经成为世界各国和人类发展面临的共同挑战,以＂低能耗、低污染、低排放＂为基础的低碳经济发展模式方兴未艾。我国作为一个能耗大国,从某种意义上说,发展低碳经济,努力建立起以低碳排放为特征的能源产业体系     

重庆市碳排放现状及低碳经济发展战略研究

低碳经济以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础,是当今世界减缓温室气体排放、应对气候变化的最佳经济发展模式。本文初步估算了重庆市包括二氧化碳排放总量、人均排放量、万元GDP排放强度等碳排放现状,分析了近年来全市碳排放减缓的趋势以及二氧化碳排放来源解析的结果,探讨了重庆市低碳发展的良好基础,提出了重庆市发展低碳经济的战略取向、战略目标、战略重点和战略措施建议,描绘了重庆市低碳发展的行动路线图,认为低碳经济是重庆市转变经济发展方式、实现可持续发展的必然选择。     

低碳经济——中国工业发展的新路子

目前,以低排放、低能耗、低污染为特征的新经济发展模式——"低碳经济",正成为国际经济发展的新趋势,也是我国发展经济的必由之路。低碳经济的核心是什么?中国怎样发展低     

别让“面子”阻碍了“低碳”

发展低碳与生态经济,提倡低能耗、低污染、低排放,推行能源高效利用、清洁能源开发、绿色GDP核算等,力求低碳经济模式和低碳生活方式双管齐下,才是应对危机的良策。     

以低碳转型促进“两型社会”建设

低碳转型带有刚性约束,它并不完全等同于＂两型社会＂建设,但对于＂两型社会＂建设绝对有促进作用。哥本哈根大会给出的信号非常明确,全球要应对气候变化,减少温室气体排放,走低碳发展的道路。中国是温室气体排放大国,但中国还要增长、还要发展。在这样的形势下,我们要调整好心态,一方面维护自己的发展权益,另一方面做好低碳发展,在＂两型社会＂建设中纳入低碳内容。     

论农业循环经济与可持续发展的关联性

循环经济是符合可持续发展理念的经济增长模式,农业循环经济是农业可持续发展的必然选择,发展农业循环经济适应我国农业生产可持续发展的需要,是我国实现农业可持续发展的最佳途径。循环经济是一种以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心,以"减量化、再利用、资源化"为原则,以低消耗、低排放、高效率为基本特征,按照自然生态系统物     

尾矿资源化利用的问题、条件及相关政策建议

我国是矿产资源生产和消费大国.由于我国矿产资源的特点是单一大型矿床少、共伴生和贫矿难选矿多、矿石自然品位较低等,加上采选技术、加工技术及设备落后等原因,矿产资源回收率低、单位矿产品的废弃物产生量大,造成我国可利用的资源不足等问题,所以尾矿资源的利用显得十分必要和迫切,但尾矿的利用必须以经济可行且对环境不造成二次污染为前提.论述了尾矿资源化利用必须解决的问题,并就尾矿资源化利用提出了相关政策建议.     

新常态下低碳产业的机遇与发展模式选择

新常态下,我国经济发展的条件、方式、驱动力和目标都出现新的变化,为具有低能耗、低排放、低污染,高技术、高附加值、高产业关联、政策导向性等特点的低碳产业提供政策、市场、技术创新、企业活力释放等多方面的发展机遇。同时,由于经济出现新的特点,低碳产业发展模式也需要相应改变。新常态下低碳产业需要从政府主导模式向"政府—市场—企业—消费者"的"四位一体"发展模式转变,这四者相互联系、相互影响,各自发挥不同的作用,共同促进低碳产业发展。     

昌吉市高新技术产业开发区循环经济模式探索及研究

传统开发区内,资源的流动是一些相互不发生关系的线性物质流的叠加,出入系统的物质流远远大于内部交互的物质流,因而造成经济活动的＂高开采、低利用、高排放＂特征,即＂大量生产、大量消费和大量废弃＂[1]。而发展循环经济,是我国贯彻落实科学发展观、建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会的重大战略选择[。2]目前新型开发区产业发展,则要求按照循环经济的理念,积极探索发展循环经济之路。本文以昌吉市高新技术产业开发区为例,研究其循环经济模式,为其他开发区设计和发展提供有益的经验和建议。     

生态文明建设视域下四川低碳发展研究

低碳发展是以低能耗、低排放、低污染、高效益为主要特征的绿色、可持续的综合发展模式,对于加快推进生态文明建设,建成长江上游生态屏障,适应经济发展新常态,实现"两个跨越"具有重大意义。2006—2014年间四川低碳发展水平逐年增长,但增速缓慢,经济、社会、能源等高碳化特征依然明显,针对四川低碳发展的现状和资源禀赋,建议从低碳产业、低碳能源、低碳消费、低碳环境、低碳科技等探索低碳发展的有效路径。     

云南磷矿资源开发新技术研究

分析了云南磷矿业的资源优势和开发中存在的问题，并对新技术进行了研究。     

Contrasting community and corporate perceptions of sustainability: A case study within the platinum mining region of South Africa

The concept of sustainable development is debatable within the mining context as the fact that mineral resources are non-renewable makes mining inherently unsustainable. The need for a realistic definition of sustainability that can be applied to mining is important, in light of claims by the industry that sustainable development principles underpin aspects of their operations. Furthermore, the socio-economic upliftment that should logically follow the implementation of these principles is not visible in many mining areas. Within the theoretical frameworks of intermediate sustainability, our study aimed to determine the level of sustainability that is appropriate for the mining context. The evaluation of community perspectives within the Rustenburg platinum region in South Africa as a case study, based on qualitative information derived from structured questionnaires and informal interviews brings further clarity. We found out that the environmental and social costs associated with mining were high, while economic benefits to surrounding communities were low. The perceptions of community and corporations were found to contrast sharply: the reality experienced by community members fell well short of the optimistic scenarios presented in the corporate social responsibility reports of the mining companies, which has implications for the mining industry in the area. The Rustenburg region is typical of mining areas, more especially the developing world, and application of a realistic sustainable development concept here can help the mining industry elsewhere to move its operations onto a genuinely more sustainable path.     

京津冀地区矿产资源开发的生态环境影响研究

京津冀地区位于我国北方农牧交错带前缘,坝上、燕山、太行山等地区是区域水源的主要发源地,同样是京津及华北平原的主要生态屏障。对京津冀地区矿产资源开发的生态环境影响进行评价,具有重要现实意义。本文根据京津冀地区矿产资源开发现状、规划空间布局和生态环境特点,综合运用GIS空间分析技术和生态风险理论,从矿产资源的空间布局合理性角度入手,分析京津冀地区矿产资源开发利用的生态环境影响,并以此识别区域内矿产资源开发的生态风险高发区和较高发区。结果显示,京津冀地区矿产资源开发空间布局与燕山、太行山山地水源涵养与水土保持区、坝上高原风沙防护区等生态功能区存在空间重叠,规模性的矿产开发会对区域内的水源涵养、土壤保持、生物多样性维护等生态功能构成持续性影响;高海拔地区的高强度开矿同样会加剧水土流失和荒漠化。天津市滨海区,承德市宽城满族自治县,邯郸市武安市等市县因密集分布了已有的矿产开发企业,并囊括了近期矿产资源开发的众多矿区,矿产资源开发的遗留性问题也比较突出,成为矿产资源开发的生态风险高发区。在生态影响分析基础上,本文提出了有针对性的空间差异性生态保护对策,以期为京津冀地区矿产资源开发布局优化提供技术支撑。     

矿业城市的发展研究与对策——以昆明市东川区为例

东川是依托矿产资源开发利用而兴建起来的城市，其经济结构属于典型的矿业依赖性经济，随着铜资源的耗竭，经济发展停滞，城市散失可持续发展能力。矿业城市的经济发展，关键是将单一的矿业经济转化为矿产业与非矿产业并举的多元型经济结构。现以云南省昆明市东川区为例，对其发展特征进行分析，揭示矿业城市的发展对策，为此类城市的发展提供思路。     

Private capital: What impedes its entry into China's minerals industry

The paper commences with an analysis of the nature and status of private capital investment in the minerals industry in China. Based on the analysis, the authors examine the main barriers in terms of the mineral rights market, industry access and investment security that impede the participation of private capital into exploration and development of China's mineral resources. The discussion addresses how to encourage the participation of private capital into mining investment and it concludes that it is of significant importance to ensure the soundness of mineral rights market, impartiality of industry access, and security of mineral rights.     

Ghana: revival of the mineral sector

After almost two decades of decline, Ghana's mineral sector has rebounded significantly and is currently the main foreign exchange earner. Gold mining is the principal activity within the sector and accounted for 41 percent of total export earnings in 1996. This paper presents an overview of Ghana's mineral industry and covers mineral resources, production and reserves; mining investments; the role of mining in the economy; and the structure of the industry. An overview of the national mineral policy is also presented to depict the current regulatory and fiscal environment in which the industry operates. The spectacular reversal in mineral sector performance can be attributed to the adoption of World Bank recommendations in a new national mineral policy, the 1986 Minerals and Mining Law, aimed at revitalizing the sector.     

The geographic concentration of world mineral supplies

Mineral reserves are unevenly and erratically distributed throughout the world; those countries which were intensively explored in the past — the USA, Canada, the USSR, Australia, South Africa, and a limited number of Asian, African, and Latin American countries — control a large share of many of the industrially important metallic minerals. Current attitudes towards exploration and the mining industry in both the developed and the less developed countries should clearly encourage rather than discourage new exploration. Given an increase in exploration, new reserves may well be found in previously unexplored areas, but any major increase in world mineral supplies will probably come from mining very low- grade deposits and developing new methods of mining and processing non-conventional ores. While it is vital to increase research and development in exploration techniques and mining and processing technology, it is also critical to maintain current levels of consumption and trade by reversing the trend towards trade restriction on the part of some of the less developed countries who are important mineral exporters.     

云南水资源可持续利用问题与对策

云南省是一个水资源总量丰富但又相对缺水的特殊省份。本文主要分析了云南省水资源开发利用中面临的挑战,提出了促使该省水资源可持续开发利用的对策     

中国能源矿产态势与可持续开发利用对策

中国能源矿产具有矿种齐全,总量可观,人均拥有量少,能源结构不合理,区域分布不平衡和质量偏差等特征, 在开发利用中存在着后备储量不足,供需矛盾突出,资源破坏浪费严重,消耗高,效率低和严重污染环境问题,因此,21世纪我国能源矿产可持续开发利用必须采取“严格依法管理,推进科技进步,提高利用效率,开源节流并举,国内国外并重,开发利用新能源和可再生资源,储备战略能源”的方针。     

Bolivia's strategy for restructuring the state's mining sector and promoting private investment in mining

Bolivia is a country of great mineral wealth with known reserves estimated to be worth over US$7 billion. Despite this great potential wealth, in the early 1980s the mining industry of Bolivia found itself in a crisis characterized by excessive state intervention in the industry, a financially troubled state mining company, large areas of the country off-limits to mineral development, an irrational tax system which discouraged mining and labour unrest. To deal with these problems, the government decided to restructure the mining industry so as to encourage private participation. This paper describes the policies introduced to revitalize the mining industry as well as projections of what the future benefits would be to the country if those policies are successful in achieving their objectives.