水质自动监测站应急制度建设情况探讨

我国水质自动监测站大多分布在边远地区,通过建立以应急制度文件架构、应急监测系统基本情况介绍、监测工作安排、应急监测清单、应急设备操作规程、应急监测结果记录表、应急监测培训及应急演练等内容为主体的水质自动站应急运行制度,可显著提高应急工作效率,顺利完成水质自动监测站应急工作。水质自动监测站应急制度建设的基本要求包括:建立一套能引起领导足够重视的水质自动监测应急管理机制,建立管理人员介入水质自动监测站工作机制,编制水质自动监测站应急管理规范。     

浅谈沱江泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统的改进

本文对沱江流域泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统运行初期的部分改进进行了分析与陈述，并根据对长江流域泸州沱江二桥水质自动监测站和泸州大磨子水质自动监测站的经验，总结出该系统部分改进前后的利与弊，希望能给岷、沱江流域各水质自动监测站的管理人员和仪器设备商提供借鉴。     

自动监测在桐乡市的应用

自动监测是环境监测的一个重要组成部分。桐乡市从2004年初开始着手建设环境质量自动监测系统，到目前为止，已建成两个水质自动监测站和一个空气自动监测站。投入使用后，积累了大量有效的监测数据，显示了人工监测不可比拟的优势，大大提高了环境保护管理部门的科学决策水平。     

湟水流域水质自动监测存在的问题及建议

文章从青海环境监测管理角度出发,结合青海湟水流域水质自动监测发展现状,对流域内水质自动监测站存在的自动监测、数据传输、管理服务等方面的问题进行了总结分析,提出了适合湟水流域水质自动监测的针对性建议。     

大兴新凤河流域地表水水质自动监测站的建设

文章基于新凤河项目,介绍了水质自动监测站建设规模、监测指标、站房要求、采水单元、配水分析单元、控制单元、清洗单元、辅助设施等.通过仪表分析数据与化验数据的对比可知,自动监测站测量的结果在正常偏差范围内,可满足使用要求,可为实现水质自动监测、河道运维及决策提供有效数据支撑.     

辐射环境自动监测站的简介与运维经验浅谈

辐射环境连续自动监测与空气自动监测、水质自动监测相比,在我国的起步较晚,发展较慢.最近几年,国家和地方政府加大了辐射环境质量监测方面的资金投入,加强了辐射环境质量的管理力度,在重点区域和重点城市建立了多个辐射环境自动监测站.在2011年3月11日日本福岛核事故发生后,国家环境保护部开始定期向社会发布全国辐射环境自动监测站空气吸收剂量率监测值,用数据说话,从根本上解除民众忧虑,辐射环境连续自动监测站的重要性由此上升到了一个新的高度.本文从我国辐射连续自动站的产生开始,深入浅出、图文并茂地简要介绍了其发展过程和现状.     

YX-WQMS在左卫国控点水质自动监测站的应用

官厅水系左卫国控点水质自动监测站的YX-WQMS系统，由采水系统、配水系统、在线水质分析仪器、PLC控制和数据采集举统、数据处理和传输系统，监测站房和配套设备六个部分组成。表文重点介绍了该自动监测系统的关键技术和分析权的特点。     

浅析泸州沱江二桥水质自动监测站基础设施建设

本文对长江流域泸州沱江二桥水质自动监测站的前期基础设施建设进行了分析，并依据该站的试运行情况，总结出了该站建设的经验和不足，希望能为四川省岷江、沱江流域今后水质自动监测站的建设提供借鉴。     

山东省城市空气自动监测监控系统数据的应用设计和使用方法

山东省城市空气自动监测监控系统的主要功能是将全省城市自动监测站数据利用计算机网络、数据仓库等技术导入到环境监测数据仓库中，实现全省城市空气质量自动监测的统一监控和监测信息的自动管理和发布。本文简单介绍了系统控制中心端监测数据统计应用部分的功能设计和实现方法。     

邦达诚科技(北京)有限公司

<正>十年风雨,十年求索。邦达诚科技(北京)有限公司董事长徐虹在二十世纪末率先成功地将国外先进水质在线自动监测系统引入中国。在北京创建了我国第一套水质在线自动监测站,填补了国内环境监测领域在线自     

都江堰市GIS环境监测信息管理系统研究

GIS在环境中的应用越来越广泛，本文采用GIS专业软件(Maplnfo Professional 6．5)和快速软件开发平台(Delphi 7．0)，并利用MapX控件技术，研制了都江堰市GIS环境监测信息管理系统。该系统具有对都江堰地表水环境、环境空气、环境噪声、工业废水等环境要素进行监测管理，同时具有都江堰市环境监测信息的空问查询、表达、统计和绘图等功能，可使都江堰市环境监测站直观、有效地进行环境监测信息管理。     

WATER QUALITY MONITORING: WHERE'S THE BEEF?1

ABSTRACT: Water quality monitoring, as a function of society's efforts to manage the environment, is the contact mechanism that management and the public has with the actual water quality in the environment. Water quality monitoring has been studied extensively for many years to ensure that it produces information about water quality conditions. Current efforts to reduce government spending will have negative impacts on those government functions deemed to be non-responsive to the needs of the public. How well does water quality monitoring inform taxpayers about the status and trends in water quality conditions in the United States? This paper reviews a number of past efforts to “improve” water quality monitoring, discusses barriers to such improvement, and suggests ways that monitoring can be made more accountable for the information it should be producing for public understanding of water quality conditions. In particular, the need for standardization in data analysis and reporting of information to the public, is highlighted.     

城市水系闸门调控技术研究及应用

分析了城市水环境问题的胁迫要素，认为要将生态水利的发展观充分渗透到城市现代水利建设中。基于水质水量的联合调度，对城市水资源进行科学配置；基于当前城市已经形成的一定水利格局和水环境状况，认为科学管理城市水利设施更有现实意义。提出了闸门调控的理论框架和技术路线，研究了利用闸门调控改善城市水系环境质量的理论方法。     

Integration of Wireless Sensor Networks into Cyberinfrastructure for Monitoring Hawaiian “Mountain-to-Sea” Environments

Monitoring the complex environmental relationships and feedbacks of ecosystems on catchment (or mountain)-to-sea scales is essential for social systems to effectively deal with the escalating impacts of expanding human populations globally on watersheds. However, synthesis of emerging technologies into a robust observing platform for the monitoring of coupled human-natural environments on extended spatial scales has been slow to develop. For this purpose, the authors produced a new cyberinfrastructure for environmental monitoring which successfully merged the use of wireless sensor technologies, grid computing with three-dimensional (3D) geospatial data visualization/exploration, and a secured internet portal user interface, into a working prototype for monitoring mountain-to-sea environments in the high Hawaiian Islands. A use-case example is described in which native Hawaiian residents of Waipa Valley (Kauai) utilized the technology to monitor the effects of regional weather variation on surface water quality/quantity response, to better understand their local hydrologic cycle, monitor agricultural water use, and mitigate the effects of lowland flooding.     

BASIN SCALE WATER MANAGEMENT AND FORECASTING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS1

ABSTRACT: Water scarcity in the Sevier River Basin in south‐central Utah has led water managers to seek advanced techniques for identifying optimal forecasting and management measures. To more efficiently use the limited quantity of water in the basin, better methods for control and forecasting are imperative. Basin scale management requires advanced forecasts of the availability of water. Information about long term water availability is important for decision making in terms of how much land to plant and what crops to grow; advanced daily predictions of streamflows and hydraulic characteristics of irrigation canals are of importance for managing water delivery and reservoir releases; and hourly forecasts of flows in tributary streams to account for diurnal fluctuations are vital to more precisely meet the day‐to‐day expectations of downstream farmers. A priori streamflow information and exogenous climate data have been used to predict future streamflows and required reservoir releases at different timescales. Data on snow water equivalent, sea surface temperatures, temperature, total solar radiation, and precipitation are fused by applying artificial neural networks to enhance long term and real time basin scale water management information. This approach has not previously been used in water resources management at the basin‐scale and could be valuable to water users in semi‐arid areas to more efficiently utilize and manage scarce water resources.     

突发性水污染事故应急监测体系的研究

应急监测体系作为突发性水污染事故处理的重要组成部分,对突发性水污染事故应急监测具有指导作用。本文通过对突发性水污染事故应急监测体系建设的研究,将监测体系分为应急监测预案、装备体系、技术体系、能力体系、信息体系五个部分,为我国突发性水污染事故的监测和管理提供了一种思路。     

Monitoring nitrate leaching from submerged drains

Monitoring nitrate N (NO3-N) leaching is important in order to judge the effect that agricultural practices have on the quality of ground water and surface water. Measuring drain discharge rates and NO3-N concentrations circumvents the problem of spatial variability encountered by other methods used to quantify NO3-N leaching in the field. A new flow-proportional drainage water sampling method for submerged drains has been developed to monitor NO3-N leaching. Both low and high discharge rates can be measured accurately, and are automatically compensated for fluctuations in ditch-water levels. The total amount of NO3-N leached was 10.6 kg N ha(-1) for a tile-drained silt-loam soil during the 114-d monitoring period. The NO3-N concentrations fluctuated between 5 mg L(-1) at deep ground water levels and 15 mg L(-1) at shallow levels, due to variations in water flow. A flow-proportional drainage water sampling method is required to measure NO3-N leaching accurately under these conditions. Errors of up to 43% may occur when NO3-N concentrations in the drainage water are only measured at intervals of 30 d and when the precipitation excess is used to estimate cumulative NO3-N leaching. Measurements of NO3-N concentrations in ground water cannot be used to accurately estimate NO3-N leaching in drained soils.     

EFFECT OF SEMI‐PERCHED GROUND WATER ON MONITORING OF GROUND WATER LEVELS IN A DEVELOPED AQUIFER1

ABSTRACT: Interpretation of ground water level changes in a developed aquifer usually relies on reference to some benchmark such as “predevelopment” ground water levels, changes from fall to fall and/or spring to spring, or to determination of maximum stress during the pumping season. The assumption is that ground water levels measured in the monitoring well accurately reflect the state of the ground water resource in terms of quantity in storage and the effects of local pumping. This assumption is questionable based on the patterns shown in continuous hydrographs of water levels in monitoring wells in Nebraska, and wells installed to determine vertical gradients. These hydrographs show clear evidence for vertical ground water gradients and recharge from overlying parts of the aquifer system to deeper zones in which production wells are screened. The classical concept of semi‐perched ground water, as described by Meinzer, is demonstrated by these hydrographs. The presence of semi‐perched ground water (Meinzer definition, there is no intervening unsaturated zone) invalidates the use of measured ground water levels in regional observation programs for detailed numerical management of the resource. Failure to recognize the Meinzer effect has led to faulty management. The best use of data from the observation well network would be for detection of trends and education unless it is clearly understood what is being measured.     

Individualized water source as an indicator of attitudes about water management and conservation in humid regions

Public perceptions about water quantity and water as a common pool resource are understudied in humid regions. As water demand increases, the need to more closely manage water, even in humid areas, will increase, requiring better understanding how people perceive their water supply, how they view paying for water conservation and how water user characteristics influence attitudes. A survey finds correlations between utilizing an individual water source (e.g. well or spring) and attitudes toward water management and conservation. Compared to respondents with a shared water source, those with an individual source believe they are segregated from regional water concerns. They are less willing to pay for water management or conservation measures and less supportive of any government intervention in water management. These results suggest that planners and water managers may face resistance to conservation policies or any policy based on the idea of water as a common pool resource.     

THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE IN CONTROLLING AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF1

Abstract: Agricultural runoff, such as dissolved mineral salts and selenium, creates pronounced downstream impacts to agricultural producers and to wildlife. The ability to manage these problems efficiently depends critically on the institutional pricing structure of irrigation water delivery agencies. An important characteristic of irrigation water delivery is whether irrigators pay per unit of water received or make one payment regardless of the quantity of water received. In this study we compare the effectiveness of agricultural runoff reduction policies in two regions that employ these different water pricing structures. We find that reduction policy is more effective and can be achieved at a lower cost when water is priced on a per unit basis and that growers have greater incentive to act on their own to reduce runoff problems. Operating under a per unit pricing system encourages water conservation and runoff reduction, which creates public benefits that are not achieved under the single-payment, fixed allotment method of irrigation water delivery.