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《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2018,(5)
鉴于目前有的环评文件中施工期环保措施存在针对性不强的问题,将绿色施工中的环保措施引入环评文件,对于提高环评文件环保措施针对性与先进性有益。据此,整理了目前我国及北京市绿色施工相关技术规范,梳理得到99条环保措施,并从施工环境管理、大气、噪声、水、固体废物、土壤污染防治、生态环境保护等7个方面进行了总结,提炼出可供环评参考的环保措施。 相似文献
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葫芦岛市水土流失防控体系建设研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨卓 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2011,(5):33-35
分析了葫芦岛市水土流失现状及水土保持方面存在的问题,提出水土流失防控体系建设策略。建议采取水土流失分区治理、工程措施、林业措施、管理措施等建设葫芦岛市水土流失防控体系。 相似文献
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分析了水库周围农田氮素流失的影响因素,包括降雨强度、地形坡度、土地利用方式等。讨论了主要控制措施及其作用,包括合理施肥、保护性耕作、节水灌溉等农田管理措施,以及植被缓冲带等生态工程措施,建议采用综合措施控制农田氮素的流失。 相似文献
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在对旅游者不文明行为相关背景分析和文献述评的基础上,界定了旅游者不文明行为的内涵,并对其分类和结构进行了解读,厘清了旅游者不文明行为的行为特征和发生机制。按照标本兼治防止复发、多种手段综合使用、惩罚与鼓励相结合、对症下药措施得当的矫治原则,从保障性措施、鼓励性措施和惩罚性措施三个方面提出了一系列矫治的对策建议。 相似文献
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公路交通噪声防治措施探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文针对公路交通建设项目的特点,探讨了公路交通建设项目环境影响评价中的噪声防治措施,包括合理规划、路面降噪、交通管理、敏感建筑物保护等措施。 相似文献
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针对重离子加速器运行过程中产生的各类放射性污染物,从辐射防护措施、放射性废物治理措施、辐射安全措施和辐射防护监测4个方面分别进行了放射性污染防治措施的讨论。得出只要严格实施了各项放射性污染防治措施的要求后,放射性工作人员及公众的人身安全是可以保证的,辐射区域周围的环境是安全的。同时,也为辐射环境管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Adsorptive removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by using Turkish illitic clay 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The ability of Turkish illitic clay (TIC) in removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions has been examined in a batch adsorption process with respect to several experimental conditions including initial solution pH, contact time, initial metal ions concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and TIC concentration, etc. The characterization of TIC was performed by using FTIR, XRD and XRF techniques. The maximum uptake of Cd(II) (11.25 mg g−1) and Pb(II) (238.98 mg g−1) was observed when used 1.0 g L−1 of TIC suspension, 50 mg L−1 of initial Cd(II) and 250 mg L−1 of initial Pb(II) concentration at initial pH 4.0 and contact time of 240 min at room temperature. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The monolayer adsorption capacity of TIC was found to be 13.09 mg g−1 and 53.76 mg g−1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions, respectively. The kinetics of the adsorption was tested using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions onto TIC proceeds according to the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) changes indicated that the present adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range of 5–40 °C. 相似文献
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Jinsang Jung Hanlim Lee Young J. Kim Xingang Liu Yuanhang Zhang Jianwei Gu Shaojia Fan 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3231-3244
Optical and chemical aerosol measurements were obtained from 2 to 31 July 2006 at an urban site in the metropolitan area of Guangzhou (China) as part of the Program of Regional Integrated Experiment of Air Quality over Pearl River Delta (PRIDE-PRD2006) to investigate aerosol chemistry and the effect of aerosol water content on visibility impairment and radiative forcing. During the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign, the average contributions of ammonium sulfate, organic mass by carbon (OMC), elemental carbon (EC), and sea salt (SS) to total PM2.5 mass were measured to be 36.5%, 5.7%, 27.1%, 7.8%, and 3.7%, respectively. Compared with the clean marine period, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, and OMC were all greatly enhanced (by up to 430%) during local haze periods via the accumulation of a secondary aerosol component. The OMC dominance increased when high levels of biomass burning influenced the measurement site while (NH4)2SO4 and OMC did when both biomass burning and industrial emissions influenced it. The effect of aerosol water content on the total light-extinction coefficient was estimated to be 34.2%, of which 25.8% was due to aerosol water in (NH4)2SO4, 5.1% that in NH4NO3, and 3.3% that in SS. The average mass-scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM10 particles was determined to be 2.2 ± 0.6 and 4.6 ± 1.7 m2 g−1 under dry (RH < 40%) and ambient conditions, respectively. The average single-scattering albedo (SSA) was 0.80 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.04 under dry and ambient conditions, respectively. Not only are the extinction and scattering coefficients greatly enhanced by aerosol water content, but MSE and SSA are also highly sensitive. It can be concluded that sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol, as well as aerosol water content, play important roles in the processes that determine visibility impairment and radiative forcing in the ambient atmosphere of the Guangzhou urban area. 相似文献
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Kirk W. Davies Jonathan D. Bates Dustin D. Johnson Aleta M. Nafus 《Environmental management》2009,44(1):84-92
Mowing is commonly implemented to Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh (Wyoming big sagebrush) plant communities to improve wildlife habitat, increase forage production
for livestock, and create fuel breaks for fire suppression. However, information detailing the influence of mowing on winter
habitat for wildlife is lacking. This information is crucial because many wildlife species depended on A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities for winter habitat and consume significant quantities of Artemisia during this time. Furthermore, information is generally limited describing the recovery of A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis to mowing and the impacts of mowing on stand structure. Stand characteristics and Artemisia leaf tissue crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were measured
in midwinter on 0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old fall-applied mechanical (mowed at 20 cm height) treatments and compared to adjacent
untreated (control) areas. Mowing compared to the control decreased Artemisia cover, density, canopy volume, canopy elliptical area, and height (P < 0.05), but all characteristics were recovering (P < 0.05). Mowing A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities slightly increases the nutritional quality of Artemisia leaves (P < 0.05), but it simultaneously results in up to 20 years of decrease in Artemisia structural characteristics. Because of the large reduction in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis for potentially 20 years following mowing, mowing should not be applied in Artemisia facultative and obligate wildlife winter habitat. Considering the decline in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis-dominated landscapes, we caution against mowing these communities. 相似文献
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S. Castanedo J.A. Juanes R. Medina A. Puente F. Fernandez M. Olabarrieta C. Pombo 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):149-159
A methodology has been developed to carry out an integrated oil spill vulnerability index, V, for coastal environments. This index takes into account the main physical, biological and socio-economical characteristics by means of three intermediate indexes. Three different integration methods (worst-case, average and survey-based) along with ESI-based vulnerability scores, VESI, proposed for the Cantabrian coast during the Prestige oil spill, have been analyzed and compared in terms of agreement between the classifications obtained with each one for this coastal area. Results of this study indicate that the use of the worst-case index, VR, leads to a conservative ranking, with a very poor discrimination which is not helpful in coastal oil spill risk management. Due to the homogeneity of this coastal stretch, the rest of the methods, VI, VM and VESI, provide similar classifications. However, VM and VI give more flexibility allowing three indexes for each coastal segment and including socio-economic aspects. Finally, the VI procedure is proposed here as the more advisable as using this index promotes the public participation that is a key element in the implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (IZCM). 相似文献
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Farmers attempting to subsist in tropical uplands often rely upon unsustainable resource use practices that lead to soil erosion, declining crop yields, and a loss of soil productivity capacity. Other uses of tropical uplands, including logging and conversion of forest to rangelands, have similar results. The undesirable effects of these actions are felt on-site, at the watershed level, and even nationally. Ecological cause-effect relationships are poorly understood, and few examples exist of the successful integration of ecological knowledge with upland development. It is hypothesized that recent results of ecological research could be applied to uplands management so that stable sustainable systems of human use may be established. A second hypothesis is that statistically reliable data can be obtained from experiments in upland situations, although natural variations of soils, weather, and vegetation are great. To test these hypotheses, research involving multinational collaboration among American and Southeast Asian scientists has begun. The objective of the work is to provide credible quantitative information to help policy and decision makers and resident farmers to plan and implement improved practices based on ecological principles.Some findings to date include:
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1. | Ecological principles are difficult to relate to the practical context of upland agroecosystems. Indeed, the null hypothesis is necessary for planning experiments and demonstrations. |
2. | The signal-to-noise ratio in these field experiments is low, and the detection of changes due to human intervention in soil erosion, nutrient movement, and plant productivity is difficult. |
3. | Obstacles to field research in developing countries include logistic, cultural, political, and institutional factors. It is essential that local land managers participate from the start with scientific researchers in designing experiments. |
4. | Planned collaboration among academic and government scientists facilitates design of relevant research and the implementation of results. |
5. | The idea of ecologically based management has been well received by researchers and government officials in Asia. There is little argument with the logic of the approach. |
6. | Pressures for quick responses to urgent problems in the uplands conflict with the need for careful, long-term, statistically valid scientific research. |
7. | Ecological principles are vaguely understood and poorly articulated in the scientific literature. The transfer and application of ecological science to the developing world would be enhanced by clearer statements of principles. |
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Steven W. Effler Carol M. Brooks Mary Gail Perkins Michael Meyer Stephen D. Field 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(6):1193-1201
ABSTRACT: The underwater light field of eight central New York lakes, which represent a wide range of trophic state, was characterized through paired measurements of Sechi disc transparency (SD, m) and diffuse light attenuation (Kd, m?1). A total of 90 paired measurements are included in the data base. Substantial variability in the Kd SD product with time within individual systems, and amongst systems, was observed, which indicates differences in the relative contributions of absorption and scattering to attenuation. More than 50 percent of the temporal variability in Kd was attributable to attendant variations in chlorophyll a (C, mg m?3) in only two of the lakes. Estimates of the adsorption (a, m?1) and scattering (b, m?1) coefficients based on paired Kd and SD measurements compared well with more precise determinations available for one of the lakes. Determinations of a and b for the eight lakes, from SD and Kd measurements, indicated great system-specificity and temporal variability in these characteristics. The temporal variability in relative contributions of a and b to Kd is consistent with covariation of different attenuating components and the lack of correlation between C and Kd in most of the study lakes. 相似文献
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Jianyong Wu Paula Rees Sara Storrer Kerri Alderisio Sarah Dorner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(1):35-44
Abstract: Escherichia coli was used as a bacterial tracer for the development, calibration, and validation of a watershed scale fate and transport model to be extended to a suite of reference pathogens (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7). E. coli densities in water and sediments from the Blackstone River Watershed, Massachusetts, were measured at three sites for a total of five wet weather events and three dry weather events covering three seasons. The confirmed E. coli strains were identified by ribotyping for tracking the sources of E. coli and for determining the association of downstream E. coli isolates with isolates from upstream sediments. A large number of downstream samples were associated with upstream sediment sources of E. coli. E. coli densities ranged from 71 to 6,401 MPN/100 ml in water samples and from 2 to 335 MPN/g in sediments. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between E. coli and total coliforms in water (r = 0.777, p < 0.01) and sediments (r = 0.728, p < 0.01). In addition, E. coli concentrations in water were weakly correlated with sediment particle size and sediment concentrations (r = 0.298, p < 0.01). A hydrologic model, WATFLOOD/SPL9, was used to predict the temporal and spatial variation of E. coli in the Blackstone River. The rapid rise of stream E. coli densities was more accurately predicted by the model with the inclusion of sediment resuspension, thus demonstrating the importance of the process. 相似文献
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The microbiological impact of a detergent and soap industries effluent on Clarias gariepinus was assessed under laboratory conditions. The heterotrophic bacterial count obtained from fish surfaces ranged from 1.2 × 102−2.0 × 102cfu/ml amongst the control, while values of 4.8× 106−8.6 × 106 cfu/ml were obtained for the experimental fish exposed to the industrial effluent (0.025 ppm). The fungal count for the controls ranged from 1.2× 102−1.2 × 103 cfu/ml; while a range of 1.0 × 106−2.0 × 106 was obtained for the fish exposed to the industrial effluent. While twelve bacterial species were isolated from the fish exposed to the industrial effluent, only two were isolated from the parts of the control fish used in the study. The bacterial species are those in the genera Staphylococcus, Proteus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, and Escherichia. The fungal isolates include Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Rhodosporium, Candida, Alternaria, and Fusarium. The resistance of the bacterial isolates to the commonly used antibiotics showed that 100% were resistant to Augmentin, Amoxycillin and Cloxacillin, 85.71% to Tetracycline, 80.95% to Cotrimoxazole, 71.43% to Erythromycin, 33.33% to Chloramphenicol, and 28.57% to Gentamicin. Among the eight antibiotics tested, five patterns of multiple drug resistance were obtained, with the number of the antibiotics ranging from 4–8. The public health implications of these observations are discussed. 相似文献
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Benjamin J. Koch Catherine M. Febria Muriel Gevrey Lisa A. Wainger Margaret A. Palmer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1594-1607
A comprehensive synthesis of data from empirically based published studies and a widely used stormwater best management practice (BMP) database were used to assess the variability in nitrogen (N) removal performance of urban stormwater ponds, wetlands, and swales and to identify factors that may explain this variability. While the data suggest that BMPs were generally effective on average, removal efficiencies of ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and total nitrogen (TN) were highly variable ranging from negative (i.e., BMPs acting as sources of N) to 100%. For example, removal of NO3 varied from (median ±1 SD) ?15 ± 49% for dry ponds, 32 ± 120% for wet ponds, 58 ± 210% for wetlands, and 37 ± 29% for swales. Across the same BMP types, TN removal was 27 ± 24%, 40 ± 31%, 61 ± 30%, and 50 ± 29%. NH4 removal was 9 ± 36%, 29 ± 72%, 31 ± 24%, and 45 ± 34%. BMP size, age, and location explained some of the variability. For example, small and shallow ponds and wetlands were more effective than larger, deeper ones in removing N. Despite well‐known intra‐annual variation in N fluxes, most measurements have been made over short time periods using concentrations, not flow‐weighted N fluxes. Urban N export is increasing in some areas as large storms become more frequent. Thus, accounting for the full range of BMP performance under such conditions is crucial. A select number of long‐term flux‐based BMP studies that rigorously measure rainfall, hydrology, and site conditions could improve BMP implementation. 相似文献
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Crab samples, both male and female specie, were purchased from fishermen at the Ojo Rivers, Lagos, Nigeria. The samples separated
into abdomen, muscle tissue, and thorax were oven dried at 80°C for 3 days. The dried samples were then pulverized in a clean
acid-washed mortar and pestle. Approximately 1.00 g each of the pulverized samples was weighed and Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd were
determined in the solution of the aqua regia digested samples by means of AAS (Buck Scientific 210 GVP model). The results
obtained showed Zn metal to be consistently higher in all the female parts compared to the male with values of 12.92 ± 3.65 μg/g
to 16.03 ± 1.08 μg/g and 9.33 ± 1.77 μg/g to 15.75 ± 1.02 μg/g, respectively. Mean values of 0.39 ± 0.09 μg/g and 0.22 ± 0.02 μg/g
cadmium were found in the abdomen and tissue of the male crab as against 0.35 ± 0.07 μg/g and 0.17 ± 0.07 μg/g in the female
crab. The tissues of both species have comparable value of chromium. Lead was below the detection limit of 0.05 μg/g in the
tissues of male crab but the female tissue contained 0.83 ± 0.13 μg/g and in other parts identified, lead was consistently
higher than the 2.00 μg/g permissible level of WHO in foods. A simple pair t-test did not demonstrate any significant difference in the distribution of metals between the male and female crabs. The
coefficient of variation (CV) calculated for each metal with respect to the studied parts showed Pb to be widely distributed
(56.23–89.54%) while Cr did not vary widely (4.17–8.20%). 相似文献