共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
2.
《环境保护与循环经济》2015,(5)
磁混凝澄清工艺是在常规混凝工艺中投加磁粉,磁粉微小有利于混凝絮体生成。介绍了磁混凝澄清工艺的原理及技术特点,并实际应用于一级A提标工程,结果表明,磁混凝澄清池表面水力负荷可达20~40 m3/m2·h,同时出水SS5 mg/L,浊度1.0 NTU,TP0.02 mg/L,非常适合于城市污水厂提标。 相似文献
3.
以四川某气田压裂返排液为研究对象,采用破胶絮凝处理后进行氧化对比实验,氧化剂选用高锰酸钾、过硫酸钾、次氯酸钠、Fenton试剂。研究表明,絮凝实验最佳条件为氧化钙、硫酸铝和硫酸亚铁投加量分别为3,1,1 g/L。4种氧化方法的最佳实验条件为:高锰酸钾投加量0.5 g/L,pH值为4;过硫酸钾投加量0.25g/L,pH值为6;次氯酸钠投加量15 g/L,pH值为4;Fenton氧化方法pH值为3.5,双氧水投加量25 g/L,七水硫酸亚铁投加量10 g/L。出水COD_(Cr)最多可降至800 mg/L左右,最大COD_(Cr)去除率72.96%,处理效果良好,为后续处理创造了条件。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2020,(3)
选用硫酸亚铁、三氯化铁、聚合氯化铝、硫酸铝4种混凝剂进行再生水深度处理实验,考察铁盐类和铝盐类混凝剂对二级出水中浊度和UV254的去除效果,以及对三氯甲烷与四氯化碳的控制效果。在投加量为40 mg/L时,聚合氯化铝对浊度和UV254处理效果最好;对氯化消毒中三氯甲烷生成量控制效果最好的是三氯化铁,其次是硫酸亚铁;聚合氯化铝对四氯化碳的控制效果最好,且投加量在10 mg/L时,四氯化碳生成量达到最低。 相似文献
7.
8.
《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2016,(5)
试验针对某冷轧带钢公司的废乳化液,研究了聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、硫酸铁[Fe_2(SO_4)_3·7H_2O]、硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4·7H_2O)对废乳化液的混凝-上浮影响。实验结果表明,4种混凝剂对破乳效果均较好,综合考虑絮体状态、处理效果及成本,确定硫酸亚铁为本试验的最佳药剂。试验温度为实验季节水温,温度为20℃左右。最佳试验条件为:硫酸亚铁投加量为4 g/L,PAM投加量为0.04 g/L,pH=8,此时COD去除率为95.2%,油去除率为96.7%。 相似文献
9.
活性炭在膜生物反应器中的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
活性炭是一种非常优良的吸附剂,具有物理吸附和化学吸附的双重特性。本文介绍了近年来向膜生物反应器中投加活性炭的应用研究进展,表明投加活性炭可以提高膜生物反应器的处理效果,同时对改善膜污染有很好的效果。 相似文献
10.
11.
Zimbabwean provincial plans were instituted to help in the achievement of the national goal of the creation of an egalitarian, socialist and integrated society. The national goal itself was adopted as an antithesis to the dualist society characterised by spatial, economic, social, politican and technological inequalities that Zimbabwe inherited from colonialism. This meant that provincial plans had to play both a functional (or growth allocating/distribution) and a territorial (or redistribution) role.
This paper reviews their role in achieving the national goal by examining their functions, content, structure and methodology. The paper concludes that because of their nature, provincial plans are not suitable tools for the achievement of the national goal. 相似文献
12.
Carl J. Sindermann 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(5):931-939
ABSTRACT: Sustained interest in and concern about the health status of the aquatic environment has resulted in extensive research focused on (1) effects of pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of resource species at all life stages; (2) diseases of fish and shellfish, as they may be related to pollution and as they may serve as indicators of environmental stress; and (3) contaminant body burdens in fish and shellfish - their effects on the aquatic animals and their potential effects on humans. Effects, lethal and sublethal, of pollutants on life history stages of fish and shellfish have been documented, as have impacts on local stocks in badly degraded habitats, but as yet there has been no adequate quantitative demonstration of effects on entire aquatic species - probably because of the difficulty in sorting out relative effects of the many environmental factors that influence abundance. Sublethal effects, especially those that result in disease, have been examined intensively, and some diseases and disease syndromes have been associated statistically with pollution. Other pollution indicators (biochemical, physiological, genetic, behavioral, and ecological) have also received some attention, as have body burdens of contaminants in aquatic species. Research, especially that conducted during the past decade, has done much to clarify the many pathways and toxic effects of contaminants on aquatic animals, and has also helped to identify mechanisms for survival of fish and shellfish in the presence of environmental changes caused by human activities. 相似文献
13.
Mapped environmental classifications are defined using various procedures, but there has been little evaluation of the differences
in their ability to discriminate variation in independent ecological characteristics. We tested the performance of environmental
classifications of the streams and rivers of France that had been defined from the same environmental data using geographic
regionalization and numerical classification of individual river valley segments. Test data comprised invertebrate assemblages,
water chemistry, and hydrological indexes obtained from sites throughout France. Classification performance was measured by
analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Geometric regions defined by a regular grid and without regard to environmental variables
and a posteriori classifications based on clustering the test datasets defined lower and upper bounds of performance for a
given number of classes. Differences in classification performances were generally small. The ANOSIM statistics for the a
posteriori classifications were around twice that of all environmental classifications, including geometrically defined regions.
The hydro-ecoregions performed slightly better for the invertebrate data and the network classification performed slightly
better for the chemistry and hydrological data. Our results indicate that environmental classifications that are defined using
different procedures can be comparable in terms of their ability to discriminate variation of ecological characteristics and
that alleged differences in performance arising from different classification procedures can be small relative to unexplained
variation. We conclude that definition procedures might have little effect on the performance of large-scale environmental
classifications and decisions over which procedures to use should be based primarily on pragmatic considerations. 相似文献
14.
All major journalism ethical codes explicitly state that journalists should protect editorial copy from undue influence by
outside sources. However, much of the previous research on agricultural information has concentrated on what information various
media communicate (gatekeeping studies) or communication's role in increasing innovation adoption (diffusion studies). Few
studies have concentrated specifically on organizational and structural constraints that might adversely affect agricultural
journalists' ethical standards; those that have, focus largely on farm magazines. A study of newspaper reporters who cover
agricultural news found that the most pressing ethical concern is the effect of advertiser (agri-business) pressure on editorial
copy, and that their concerns in general parallel those of farm magazine writers and editors. The majority reported being
in situations in which they might be exposed to advertiser pressure, including pressures to change or withhold editorial copy.
Large minorities suggested that advertising pressures affect the overall environment in which agricultural journalists work,
and more than one in ten said they allow advertiser pressures to influence editorial decisions. The newspaper reporters who
cover agricultural beats showed slightly more resistance to advertiser pressure than did farm magazine editors in a parallel
study. 相似文献
15.
This paper explains how the well-accepted concept of improved stakeholder participation during mineral policy development leads to a national mineral policy that accommodates the diverging views and interests that allows wide acceptance of decisions, enhancing the success of implementation and, ultimately, national benefits. This process is based on lessons learnt during the South African experience and has been successfully applied in the development of the Namibian and Malawian national minerals policies. An effective policy in the SADC will engineer the delicate balance between poverty reduction and an internationally competitive minerals sector. This balance enhances the possibility of long-term economic growth and development in the SADC region. The overriding advantage of this strategy is that it generates ‘home-grown’ policy instruments and implementation of mineral law with which stakeholders can identify. This process presents a new challenge to traditional policy formulation strategies in emerging economies and the bottom-up approach, linked to wide political support, allows the potential realisation of national objectives. 相似文献
16.
Paul M. Bradley Jeffrey H. Writer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):334-342
Biodegradation of [A‐ring 14C] Estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) to 14CO2 was investigated under light and dark conditions in microcosms containing epilithon or sediment collected from Boulder Creek, Colorado. Mineralization of the estrogen A‐ring was observed in all sediment treatments, but not epilithon treatments. No difference in net mineralization between light and dark treatments was observed for 14C‐E2. Net mineralization of 14C‐E1 and 14C‐EE2 was enhanced in light treatments. Extents of 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were significantly greater for E2 than E1 under dark conditions, but were comparable under light conditions. These results indicate substantial differences in the uptake and metabolism of E1 and E2 in the environment and suggest biorecalcitrance of E1 relative to E2 in light‐limited environments. The extent of 14CO2 accumulation and rate of mineralization for EE2 in dark treatments were less than half of that observed for E2 and generally lower than for E1, consistent with previous reports of EE2 biorecalcitrance. However, 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were comparable for EE2, E2, and E1 under light conditions. These results indicate photoactivation and/or phototransformation/photodegradation processes can substantially enhance heterotrophic biodegradation of estrogens in sunlit environments and may play an important role in estrogen transport and attenuation. 相似文献
17.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(3):301-312
Abstract Sustainable ecosystems can be designed to eliminate environmental toxins and reduce pathogen loads through the direct and indirect consequences of plant and microbial activities. We present an approach to the bioremediation of disturbed environments, focusing on petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contaminants. Treatment consists of incorporating a plant-based amendment to enhance ecosystem productivity and physiochemical degradation followed by the establishment of plants to serve as oxidizers and foundations for microbial communities. Promising amendments for widespread use are entire plants of the water fern Azolla and seed meal of Brassica napus (rapeseed). An inexpensive byproduct from the manufacture of biodiesel and lubricants, rapeseed meal is high in nitrogen (6% wt/wt), stimulates >100-fold increases in populations of resident Streptomyces species, and suppresses fungal infection of roots subsequently cultivated in the amended soil. Synergistic enzymatic and chemical activities of plant and microbial metabolism in root zones transform and degrade soil contaminants. Emphasis is given to mechanisms that enable PHC functionalization via reactive molecular species. 相似文献
18.
Wesley P. James Keu Whan Kim 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(4):587-596
ABSTRACT: A distributed watershed model was developed to mathematically simulate overland and channel flow for a single-event storm. The modeled watersheds in the study were subdivided into rectangular grid elements. All hydrologically significant parameters, such as land slope, rainfall and precipitation excess, were assumed to be uniform within each element. The Green-Ampt method was adopted to generate precipitation excess for each element during the simulation period. A two-dimensional diffusion wave model was used for overland flow routing and an iterative Alternative Direction Implicit scheme was used to solve the simultaneous overland flow equations. Once the overland flow became inflow to the channel, a one-dimensional dynamic wave flood routing technique, based on a four-point, implicit, non-linear finite difference solution of the St. Venant equation of unsteady flow, was applied. A limited number of comparisons were made between simulated and observed hydrographs for areas of about one square mile. Given the appropriate parameters, the model was able to accurately simulate runoff for single-event storms. This paper describes a distributed watershed model developed to simulate overland and channel flow. Comparisons were made between simulated and observed hydrographs for three watersheds. The model was able to accurately simulate the runoff for single-event storms using 61-m by 61-m (200 ft by 200 ft) watershed grid elements. 相似文献
19.
The present article, based on a study of five village ecosystems, assesses the energy efficiency of rain-fed agriculture in
a dry tropical environment and the impact of agricultural activity on the surrounding natural ecosystems. Agronomic yield
is insufficient to meet the food requirement of the human population, hence 11.5%–49.7% of the required amount of food grains
are imported from the market. Energy requirements of five studied agroecosystems are subsidized considerably by the surrounding
forest in the form of fodder and firewood. Natural ecosystems supply about 80%–95% of fodder needs and 81%–100% of fuelwood
needs. The output-input ratio of agriculture indicated that, on average, 4.1 units of energy are expended to obtain one unit
of agronomic energy. Of this, 3.9 units are supplied by the natural ecosystem. In addition, 38% of the extracted firewood
is marketed. The illegal felling and lopping of trees result in ever-increasing concentric circles of forest destruction around
the villages and together with excessive grazing results in savannization. The forests can be conserved by encouraging fuelwood
plantations (0.7 ha/ha cultivated land) and developing village pastures (1.6 ha/ha cultivated land) and reducing the livestock
numbers. Agricultural production in the region can be stabilized by introducing improved dry farming techniques such as intercropping,
planned rainwater management, and adequate use of fertilizers. 相似文献
20.
Neil S. Grigg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(3):527-534
ABSTRACT: Improving water management to meet future global needs will certainly require technical advances, but the main challenge is to integrate the viewpoints of diverse societal interests into decisions about allocation of water resources. The integration cannot be done solely by the market because it requires a balancing among interests which do not respond well to market forces, nor by the state alone because of institutional problems. The concept of “integrated water resources management” has been developed to provide the framework for the required balancing of interests, and, like similar concepts in industries other than water, it has a dual purpose - to link stakeholders and apply best practices to management actions. To clarify the process of integrated water management, the paper focuses on two questions: who should lead integrated water resources management and who should pay for it? Several examples are given to illustrate a range of situations. The paper concludes with a call to improve paradigms of integrated water management, a proposition that water organizations should accept and budget for their external responsibilities as well as their direct missions, affirmation of the need for state and federal agencies to be involved with local interests, a call for better scientific and public information, and identification of the need for continued work to improve the process of integrated water management. 相似文献