带内锥的扩散式分离器内两相流动的数值模拟

对于一种带内锥的切向进口扩散式方形分离器，利用考虑各向异性的雷诺应力湍流模型和颗粒随机轨道模型对其内部的两相流动情况进行了数值模拟，分析了其内部不同截面高度的气相流场的轴向、切向和径向速度分布，计算了颗粒分级分离效率，颗粒轨迹等。数值模拟结果表明，分离器内呈典型的双层流动结构，方形截面在其拐角处对气流存在扰动，主要影响其切向速度，该分离器对8μm以下颗粒分离效率较低。     

大型吹砂吹尘综合环境试验系统工程实现及应用

本文介绍了大型吹砂吹尘综合试验系统的设备构成和系统设计应考虑的关键技术。阐述了主要功能和技术指标,论述了砂尘浓度、试验段风速、试验段温度和相对湿度等主要试验参数的调节技术,并给出了应用结果。能够为大型吹砂环境试验设备的设计和试验应用提供参考借鉴。     

波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值模型研究

为了研究波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用过程中大自由表面变形和堤内渗流等强非线性紊流运动问题，利用改进的MPS法，建立了模拟波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值计算模型。模型将抛石潜堤假定为均质多孔介质，采用Drew的二相流运动方程描述多孔介质内外的流体运动；通过在动量方程中增加非线性阻力项，并引入亚粒子尺度紊流模型，模拟波浪与可渗结构物相互作用过程中的紊流运动。选取“U”型管中多孔介质内渗流过程和孤立波与可渗潜堤相互作用两个典型的渗流问题，通过将数值计算结果与理论解和实测值的对比分析，对所提出的MPS法紊流渗流模型的模拟精度进行验证。结果表明：基于改进的MPS法构建的垂向二维紊流渗流模型可以很好地再现 “U”型管中多孔介质内渗流以及波浪作用下可渗潜堤内外的复杂流场，显著缓解流-固界面处的压力震荡与粒子分布不均匀问题，实现了较高的模拟精度。     

基于数学模拟的齿轮钢淬火组织场变化研究

本文通过JMatPro软件对42CrMo齿轮钢的热物性参数和相变转变曲线进行了计算分析,采用Sysweld软件对淬火热处理过程中的组织场进行了模拟,并与实际42CrMo齿轮钢的试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,42CrMo齿轮钢淬火过程中的组织场模拟可以直观显示热处理不同阶段齿轮齿形部位的相转变和百分含量;计算机模拟得到的组织分布云图与相同工艺条件下42CrMo齿轮钢的金相组织测试结果较为吻合,验证了数值模拟中齿轮的组织分布特征准确性,结果可为齿轮钢的淬火过程提供技术支撑。     

砂尘试验军用标准的方法探讨

对GJB 150.12-1986《军用设备环境试验方法砂尘试验》、GJB 150.12A-2009《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第12部分:砂尘试验》和RTCA/DO-160E《机载设备的环境条件和测试过程》进行了详尽的对比,分析了不同砂尘试验的操作技术,提出了必须严格控制砂尘试验条件和过程的建议,并表达了砂尘试验不同标准或不同的试验程序结果不能进行比较的观点。     

砂尘一体化环境试验系统的设计及研制

本文对自行研制的砂尘一体化试验系统进行了介绍。设备研制中对基于文丘里原理的加砂/尘试验系统和自动监控除湿试验系统进行了详细说明,同时根据环境试验要求,指出了该试验设备研制过程中所遇到的加砂方式优化、温度调控、砂/尘浓度的测量与控制以及吹砂吹尘合一等技术难点,并给出了相应的解决途径。该试验系统研制成功,为考核装备的环境适应性和产品可靠性提供了科学的试验手段。     

一个研究街道峡谷流场及浓度场特征的三维数值模式

目前，研究街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物的扩散行为特征所采用的主要方法为：采用野外测试法和物理模拟法，而采用三维数值模拟方法研究此问题的工作很少。本文创建了一个研究微尺度街道峡谷内流场及机动车排放污染物扩散特征的三维数值模式，即首次采用伪不定常方法，利用K——E闭合方案，建立了一个模拟城市街道峡谷内流场及污染物扩散特征与街道峡谷风场、街道几何结构及两侧建筑物高度对称性之间的复杂关系的三维数值模式。经过与实际监测资料及风洞实验对比，结果表明此三维模式具有较好的模拟精度，能够很好模拟峡谷内的风场及街谷几何结构对街道峡谷内流场及浓度场特征的影响，有很强的实用性。     

除尘器入口烟道流场流动力学数值模拟技术

结合燃煤电厂电袋复合除尘器的入口烟道气流分布的工程案例,采用计算流体动力学（简称CFD）数值模拟技术,对烟道内的速度场进行三维数值模拟;根据分析结果进行烟道的导流板的设置,改善烟道的流场,并使入口烟道的各分支烟道流量分配均匀。对比现场烟道流量分配的测试结果,验证了CFD模拟计算的准确性。     

碟形越浪式波能发电装置的三维数值模拟

基于计算流体力学软件的三维数值模拟技术,分析了碟形越浪式波能发电装置的越浪性能,通过构建基于水气两相VOF(Volume of Fluid)模型的三维数值波浪水槽对该装置进行三维数值模拟研究,数值计算结果与物理试验结果相互对比验证较为吻合,验证了所构建的三维数值波浪水槽的可靠性,通过考察装置的坡度、导流叶片个数、干舷高度对越浪性能的影响确定装置的最优结构参数。结果表明,在装置的斜坡面边缘增加回流板可减少波浪的反射,提高装置的越浪性能。在数值模拟中将装置的斜坡面边缘处安装回流板对碟形越浪式波能发电装置参数进行优化,通过分析回流板的长度对装置越浪性能的影响来探索最优回流板长度。     

权重排放量及排放量权重轨迹模型

大气污染物浓度权重轨迹模型是一种研究大气污染物的区域输送问题的常用模型,但这一模型只考虑大气污染物浓度对目标城市的影响,而不考虑大气污染物持续输送时间的影响。针对此缺陷,提出了一种新的大气污染物源区计算模型——排放量权重轨迹模型,将污染物持续输送的时间因素引入模型计算中,计算出网格的权重排放量,并将权重排放量作为对目标城市污染贡献度的新衡量标准。     

Simple protocols to determine dust potentials from cattle feedlot soil and surface samples

Cattle feedlot dust is an annoyance and may be a route for nutrient transport, odor emission, and pathogen dispersion, but important environmental factors that contribute to dust emissions are poorly characterized. A general protocol was devised to test feedlot samples for their ability to produce dust under a variety of environmental conditions. A blender was modified to produce dust from a variety of dried feedlot surface and soil samples and collect airborne particles on glass fiber filters by vacuum collection. A general blending protocol optimized for sample volume (150-175 cm3), blending time (5 min of pre-blending), and dust collection time (15 s) provided consistent dust measurements for all samples tested. The procedure performed well on samples that varied in organic matter content, but was restricted to samples containing less than 200 to 700 g H2O kg(-1) dry matter (DM). When applied to field samples, the technique demonstrated considerable spatial variability between feedlot pen sites. Mechanistically, dust potential was related to moisture and organic matter content. An alternative protocol also demonstrated differences within pen sites in maximum dust potential and dust airborne residence time. The two protocols were not intended, nor are they suitable, for predicting actual particulate matter emissions from agricultural sources. Rather, the protocols rapidly and inexpensively compared the potential for dust emission from samples of differing composition under a variety of environmental conditions.     

印刷电路组件吸湿性尘粒人工模拟试验中关键因素的控制

吸湿性尘粒人工模拟试验(简称湿尘试验)是一种新型的环境试验。通过对试验方法和试验过程中各环节的研究,确定了试验时应把握的关键因素,并最终总结了试验中关键因素控制的方法。这些方法可为湿尘试验的开展提供借鉴作用。     

树脂砂砂处理工部除尘系统设计

介绍了树脂砂处理工部除尘系统的划分和主要生产设备除尘罩的设计,重点论述了除尘系统二的设计方案和设备选型,给出了设计过程中的注意事项和改进意见。     

APPLICATION OF THE GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION TO WATERSHED MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A computer model was developed, based on the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, to computed rainfall excess for a single precipitation event. The model requires an estimate of parameters related to hydraulic conductivity, wetting front section, and fillable porosity of the soil layers. Values of parameters were estimated from soil textural averages or regression equations based on percent sand, percent clay, and porosity. Average values of effective porosity and wetting front suction were largely acceptable due to the relatively low variability and low model sensitivity to the parameters. Hydraulic conductivity was the most erratic constituent of the loss rate computation due to the high variability and the high sensitivity of the computed infiltration to the parameter. The performance of the Green-Ampt infiltration model was tested through a comparison with the SCS curve number procedure. Seven watersheds and 23 storms with precipitation of one inch or greater were used in the comparison. For storms with less than one inch of rainfall excess, the SCS curve number procedure generally gave the best results; however, for six of the seven storms with precipitation excess greater than one inch, the Green-Ampt procedure delivered better results. In this comparison, both procedures used the same initial abstractions. The separation of rainfall losses into infiltration, interception, and surface retention is, in theory, an accurate method of estimating precipitation excess. In the second phase of the study using nine watersheds and 39 storms, interception and surface retention losses were computed by the Horton equations. Green-Ampt and interception parameters were estimated from value sin the literature, while the surface retention parameter was calibrated so that the computed runoff volumes matched observed volumes. A relationship was found between the surface retention storage capacity and the 15-day antecedent precipitation index, month of year, and precipitation amount.     

我国含氰废水处理工艺的发展方向

在总结和分析20年来我国化纤行业含氰废水处理经验的基础上，提出气浮-A／O（缺氧／好氧法）工艺用于含氰废水的处理，即将曝气池前端的曝气器关闭，在池内实行缺氧、好氧处理，曝气池后端好氧段的污泥经泵回流至前端的缺氧段。结果使总氮的去除率从43％提高到72％，磷的去除率从0提高到40％，COD的去除率也有不同程度提高，而能耗仅为原先的72％。     

环境试验设备参数测量──沙尘试验设备

沙尘试验设备参数的测量,目前没有相关的标准和指导文件。本文给出沙尘试验设备参数测量的一般方法,主要介绍了一种沙尘浓度测量方法。     

昌黎县大气环境污染分析与防治实践

昌黎县近几年环境空气监测数据显示:大气环境质量有所下降,环境受到轻微污染。污染产生的主要原因为冬季燃煤造成污染物排放增加及风沙、扬尘影响,结合本县采用发展集中供热、改善燃料构成、提升监管力度、严格环境管理、加大资金投入、开展末端治理等防治实践进行探讨。     

Flow and diffusion measurements in natural porous media using magnetic resonance imaging

Flow and diffusion of water in natural porous media, quartz sand, and calcareous gravel were measured using a 1.5-T clinical magnetic resonance tomograph. The spatial resolution of the dynamic measurements was 1.32 x 1.32 x 5 mm3, and the time between two cross-sectional measurements was approximately 10 s. The measured coefficients of molecular diffusion for water were in good agreement with theoretical data. Flow was measured without any tracer at velocities between 0.15 and 6.67 mm/s. The results, based on a calibration within one part of the column, were in good agreement with data obtained from a tracer experiment and from a numerical model. It was possible to measure the flow velocity in larger pores and preferential flow paths directly. The results of the flow measurements in smaller pores reflected the mean velocity within that volume element. In that case the obtained values were close to the average linear velocity. Since the time resolution is high a monitoring of flow processes is possible. The pore space was imaged with a spatial resolution of 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 mm3. Here, the porosity of pores that are larger than 0.2 mm can be measured directly; for smaller pores a calibration is necessary.