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Wen Luo Yu 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(3):492-516
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of reducing elevated-road traffic-noise levels in rural residential areas by controlling the relative locations and morphological parameters and to investigate the effect of noise barriers on noise attenuation along elevated roads and building facades in villages. This study selected six morphological parameters and used noise-mapping techniques to estimate the noise attenuation in 60 village sites. The results indicate that ‘quiet areas’ increase by approximately 10% for each additional 100 m increase in the distance between the elevated road and the village. The best strategy for noise reduction is keeping the elevated road 1,000 m away from the village and raising the road height to 20 m. The building façade conditions only affect the traffic noise level attenuation when the buildings are within 100 m of the elevated road. It was found that the cost-effective length of the road noise barrier is 600 m on both sides of the village parallel to the road. The results highlight the importance of using morphology to improve the traffic noise resistance of villages. The landscape shape indices of buildings and roads are the most important parameters that affect the traffic noise attenuation of elevated roads. 相似文献
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总结了环境噪声人工监测方法的缺陷,然后从城市环境噪声数据的性质、噪声自动监测系统的物理构成、噪声监测子站的布设、噪声自动监测有效时间的确定这几个方面对噪声自动监测系统进行了相关问题的论述. 相似文献
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通过对农五师师部周围8条主要交通干线近3年的交通噪声监测与分析,得到各条道路车流量、车速和道路的基本状况,经分析得出,各交通主干道交通压力虽不大,但两侧噪声污染却比较严重,而且污染水平呈逐年上升趋势. 相似文献
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M. Pierrette C. Marquis-Favre J. Morel L. Rioux M. Vallet S. Viollon A. Moch 《Journal of environmental psychology》2012
The literature on noise annoyance emphasizes that acoustical factors cannot totally explain the annoyance felt by a population exposed to community noises, and that some non-acoustical factors have an effect on annoyance. This research paper deals with the annoyance caused by combined noises coming from road traffic and an industrial site. This type of combination has been very little studied to date. An in situ study was conducted in an area of a French town exposed to these two noise sources. To investigate the annoyance caused by these combined noises, the work involved both a mapping of the industrial and road traffic noises present in the survey area and a questionnaire designed to evaluate the noise annoyance experienced by residents and to identify the factors that probably influence noise annoyance. The results highlight the link between the noise levels measured and the annoyance felt by the respondents. They also show that certain non-acoustical factors have an impact on annoyance felt. Indeed, the results highlight a positive correlation between fear of industrial sites and the annoyance expressed. They also show correlations between some items to evaluate noise sensitivity and the annoyance expressed. No significant correlation has been found between annoyance and the other non-acoustical factors such as age, sex and length of residence. Finally, several total annoyance models were tested for this noise combination. Two of them, namely the strongest component model and a proposed perceptual version of the mixed model, were able to better predict total annoyance than the other tested models. 相似文献
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介绍了我国长输管道应用的天然气压缩机组的发展趋势以及我国环境噪声管理体系现状,分析了天然气压缩机组的工作原理和产生噪声的原因。对压气站噪声水平实测数据进行了分析,结合美国对噪声管理的经验,对改进和提高我国压气站噪声管理水平提出了建议。 相似文献
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Lei Zheng Jeroen Gerritsen John Beckman Jon Ludwig Sam Wilkes 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(6):1521-1536
Abstract: The eastern panhandle region of West Virginia is entirely within the Appalachian Ridge and Valley ecoregion. It is underlain by limestone in the eastern part and by shale and sandstone in the western part. Agricultural and urban development has affected the condition of the streams of this region. We examined samples from 165 stations in the Ridge and Valley, collected from 1998 to 2004. Land use, geological characteristics, physical and chemical parameters, and algal and macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to identify potential stressors that affect streams in the region. Our analyses indicated that both human land uses and ecoregional differences led to elevated nutrient concentrations in streams of the study areas. Multiple regression analyses indicated that both agricultural and urban land use in the watershed were associated with high nutrient concentrations (NO2+3, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) in streams. These elevated nutrient concentrations have led to increased algal biomass, increased trophic state, and degradation of macroinvertebrate community in the streams. Values of the West Virginia Stream Condition Index, as well as several other benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, decreased with increased nutrient concentrations and conductivity, especially in the limestone region. When regional differences were partitioned out in the analysis, nutrient concentrations became the strongest stressor in the limestone region while conductivity exhibited less of an effect on macroinvertebrate metrics. Meanwhile, periphyton diagnostic metrics also responded to increased nutrient concentrations, suggesting nutrients could be a cause of biological degradation in the Eastern Ridge and Valley region. Multiple approaches and multiple lines of evidence (reference approach and stressor‐response approach) were applied to develop nutrient benchmarks for different geological regions in the study watershed. 相似文献
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Thomas Verbeek 《Local Environment》2018,23(4):448-467
A growing empirical evidence base identifies environmental noise exposure as an important health problem. While the health effects depend for a great part on personal noise sensitivity and contextual factors, in environmental policy, generic noise standards and procedures based on objective sound levels are used. In this article, the relation between objective and subjective noise exposure variables is further explored by carrying out a residents’ survey in a highly noise polluted area along two highways south of the city centre of Ghent, Belgium. The survey results show only a weak correlation between objective and subjective exposure variables, with both variables demonstrating different associations with the respondents’ background characteristics. While lower-educated and lower-income people are generally higher exposed according to the models, they do not report a higher subjective exposure. People who have been living longer in the area are not necessarily higher exposed according to the models but do report a higher subjective exposure. Most strikingly, owners of a comfortable detached house report a higher subjective exposure than renters of an apartment or small house, while the latter group is significantly higher exposed according to the models. The results support a plea for the joint evaluation of both objective and subjective noise exposure variables in environmental policy and environmental assessments. In addition, the results argue for specific attention for noise exposure of socio-economically vulnerable people and the establishment of a shared knowledge base on noise exposure with both objective and subjective information. 相似文献
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Francesco Lisi Vigilio Villi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(2):431-441
ABSTRACT: Annual maximum daily rainfall data from nine stations throughout the southern slopes of the Eastern Italian Alps with record length of 67–68 years have been analyzed with the aim of verifying if their internal structure justifies the assumption of independence and identical distribution, or the “White noise hypothesis.” The approach is to consider the hypothesis H0 of white noise as the intersection of several sub-hypotheses, each concerning one of the characteristics of a white noise process. To this end the nine series were subjected to various statistical tests regarding randomness, independence, change-points, and predictability. The results are examined first individually and then globally. They indicate that in eight of the nine considered time series the “white noise hypothesis” was rejected. 相似文献
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Leo M. Eisel Kimberly D. Mills Charles F. Leaf 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(4):815-820
ABSTRACT: Consumptive loss of water attributable to man-made snowmaking was estimated using an energy balance model and a mass balance procedure. Data from nine field experiments at Colorado ski areas were collected and used in these models. The mean consumptive loss using the energy balance model for the nine experiments was 6.0 percent and 5.8 percent for the mass balance model A thermodynamic relationship and a regression equation were developed to provide a procedure to estimate consumptive loss as a linear function of atmospheric temperature. 相似文献
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为完成北京市“十二五”城市区域的主要声污染防治工作目标,全面提高北京市声环境质量水平,科学预测区域内在“十二五”期间噪声污染水平和发展趋势,本文以北京市某典型区域作为研究对象,在收集大量相关资料与实测历史噪声数据的基础上,运用指数平滑法与灰色模型GM(1,1)对所选定研究区域的噪声污染水平与发展趋势进行预测与分析。研究结果表明:运用指数平滑法与灰色模型对研究区域声环境噪声污染预测是可行的,北京市在“十二五”期间声环境质量水平符合《声环境质量标准》(GB3096—2008)中的一类区域标准。 相似文献
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Hyperfiltration and nanofiltration membranes were tested with different water matrices for the removal of excess fluoride
from underground water. Initially, the experiments were done with synthetic samples prepared by adding known amounts of sodium
fluoride and calcium chloride in distilled water. The effect of feed water composition, pH, temperature of feed water, operating
pressure, and feed water flow rate on separation efficiency of both types of membrane was studied by varying one parameter
at a time and keeping all other parameters constant. Thus, the optimum operating conditions for the process were determined
and after that ground water samples collected from three villages of district Gurgaon, Haryana, India (Farukhnagar, Wazirpur,
and Mevka) were treated under optimum operational conditions. The mass transfer coefficient and membrane parameters were estimated
for each data point using two-parameter model (Film theory and Solution-diffusion model) to study the concentration polarization
on membrane surface. The nanofiltration membrane showed high percentage rejection of bivalent ions when compared to monovalent
ions in a binary system. But in multicomponent system, when fluoride and calcium coexisted, the removal of fluoride was comparable
to calcium removal because of the low solubility product of calcium fluoride. The results with RO membrane revealed that it
removes practically all the ions present in water at high pressure, which need to be passed through a lime column to remineralize
the water, to make it suitable for drinking purposes, whereas by running the system at low pressure which will further reduce
the cost of operation, rejection percentage goes down to get permeate of required quality. 相似文献
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Sébastien Raymond Alain Mailhot Guillaume Talbot Patrick Gagnon Alain N. Rousseau Florentina Moatar 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(3):791-804
Load estimates obtained using an approach based on statistical distributions with parameters expressed as a function of covariates (e.g., streamflow) (distribution with covariates hereafter called DC method) were compared to four load estimation methods: (1) flow‐weighted mean concentration; (2) integral regression; (3) segmented regression (the last two with Ferguson's correction factor); and (4) hydrograph separation methods. A total of 25 datasets (from 19 stations) of daily concentrations of total dissolved solids, nutrients, or suspended particulate matter were used. The selected stations represented a wide range of hydrological conditions. Annual flux errors were determined by randomly generating 50 monthly sample series from daily series. Annual and interannual biases and dispersions were evaluated and compared. The impact of sampling frequency was investigated through the generation of bimonthly and weekly surveys. Interannual uncertainty analysis showed that the performance of the DC method was comparable with those of the other methods, except for stations showing high hydrological variability. In this case, the DC method performed better, with annual biases lower than those characterizing the other methods. Results show that the DC method generated the smallest pollutant load errors when considering a monthly sampling frequency for rivers showing high variability in hydrological conditions and contaminant concentrations. 相似文献
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Natalie Riedel Heike Köckler Joachim Scheiner Klaus Berger 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(2):336-356
Borrowing from concepts of socio-environmental epidemiology and psychology, we conceived self-rated health as a function of multiple physical and psychosocial stressors and resources at the residential neighbourhood and individual level. In this model of multiple stressors, objective exposure to road traffic noise was specified as a physical stressor whose effect on health may be mediated and modified by residents’ subjective response to noise (serious noise annoyance). Self-reported hearing disability, recreational coping in green areas and residential neighbourhood satisfaction were examined as additional psychosocial stressors or resources, independently of socio-demographic and -economic factors. Results from our empirical analysis based on two studies and multivariable logistic regressions might support the idea that environmental planning should overcome sectoral boundaries and adopt an integrative approach including objective exposures, residents’ subjective responses, and perceived resources. 相似文献
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通过分析城市十字路口噪声源的特点,采用Cadna/A噪声模拟软件建立十字路口交通预测模型,对十字路口周边声场分布情况进行了模拟研究,研究发现在选定的十字路口,交通噪声对周边环境影响较大,面向道路一侧昼间最大噪声值为72.9dB(A),夜间最大噪声值为64.5dB(A),背向道路一侧昼间最大噪声值为65.4dB(A),夜间最大噪声值为57.2 dB(A),本次研究的成果对于交通规划、噪声评价都具有十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Soil organic carbon decomposition and carbon pools in temperate and sub-tropical forests in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yang L Pan J Shao Y Chen JM Ju WM Shi X Yuan S 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(3):690-695
Decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and accurate estimates of SOC decomposition are important for forest carbon modeling and ultimately for decision making relative to carbon sequestration and mitigation of global climate change. We determined the major pools of SOC in four sites representing major forest types in China: temperate forests at Changbai Mountain (CBM) and Qilian Mountain (QLM), and sub-tropical forests at Yujiang (YJ) and Liping (LP) counties. A 90-day laboratory incubation was conducted to measure CO(2) evolution from forest soils from each site, and data from the incubation study were fitted to a three-pool first-order model that separated mineralizable soil organic carbon into active (C(a)), slow (C(s)) and resistant (C(r)) carbon pools. Results indicate that: (1) the rate of SOC decomposition in the sub-tropical zone was faster than that in the temperature zone, (2) The C(a) pool comprised approximately 1-3% of SOC with an average mean residence time (MRT) of 219 days. The C(s) pool comprised approximately 25-65% with an average MRT of 78 yr. The C(r) pool accounted for approximately 35-80% of SOC, (3) The YJ site in the sub-tropical zone had the greatest C(a) pool and the lowest MRT, while the QLM in the temperature zone had the greatest MRT for both the C(a) and C(s) pools. The results suggest a higher capacity for long-term C sequestration as SOC in temperature forests than in sub-tropical forests. 相似文献
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Jesper Kristiansen Søren Peter Lund Per Møberg Nielsen Roger Persson Hitomi Shibuya 《Journal of environmental psychology》2011,31(4):383-392
A high proportion of school teachers report that they are disturbed by noise during teaching. The aim of the study was therefore to identify determinants of self-reported noise exposure and disturbance attributed to noise among secondary school teachers (n = 419) in 10 schools in Copenhagen, Denmark. The schools were selected to show contrasts in classroom reverberation times (RT), and were classified as “Short RT” (3 schools, mean RT 0.41–0.45 s), “Medium RT” (3 schools, mean RT 0.51–0.55 s) and “Long RT” (4 schools, mean RT 0.62–0.73 s). Significant determinants of self-reported noise exposure were a high number of children in the class, young age of the children, and low teacher seniority. “Long RT” classification was of borderline significance. Significant determinants of disturbance attributed to noise from children in the class were teacher seniority and “Long RT” acoustic classification of the school. The associations between work characteristics and noise disturbance measures were attenuated by low self-rated work capacity, suggesting that the consequences of noise and poor acoustics may not be limited to disturbance attributed to noise, but may have a wide negative impact on the perceived working environment. 相似文献