广西:开发大石围旅游区

广西将投资10亿元加快开发已被确定是迄今世界上最大天坑群的乐业县大石围旅游景区.重点开发大石围天坑溶洞群、布柳河系列、百朗大峡谷等景区.广西乐业县大石围是目前世界上已发现的最大的天坑群,广西将把它建成世界级的旅游景区,预计将修通总长143km公路,并对大石围的大环境进行彻底的治理,包括沿路景点的建设、退耕还林、石漠化治理、封山育林和沼气建设等工程.     

西南地区石漠化发生、演变时空特征及成因分析

采用GIS技术对我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化数据进行空间叠加分析，研究了石漠化发生及演变分布、岩性、地貌、区域经济等时空特征，并对我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化成因机理作了初步探讨。研究发现，石漠化发生、演变与碳酸盐岩岩性密切相关；其发生及加剧区域主要分布在较适宜人类活动的峰丛洼地、峰林洼地中；石漠化发生和演变程度与农民人均纯收入水平呈反相关。因此，石漠化治理必须根据石漠化发生和演变的区域、岩性和地貌特点、区域经济发展以及石漠化的程度等条件因地制宜地开展。     

基于GIS和RS的石漠化敏感性评价及空间分异特征——以贵州省为例

石漠化是我国西南地区比较突出的生态问题,严重制约着社会与经济的发展.以贵州省岩溶生态现状为背景,选取影响石漠化主要的地形、植被、坡度和土壤4个自然因子,运用GIS的空间分析将研究区石漠化敏感性划分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感和极敏感.从结果看,研究区的石漠化敏感性以高度敏感和中度敏感为主;从空间上看,呈现连续不规则的条带状分布,主要分布于东北部、北部、西部、西南部和中部等区域.     

西南岩溶地区石漠化治理措施和经验——以汉源县为例

石漠化是西南岩溶地区当前面临的最主要的生态问题。近年来,西南地区在石漠化治理方面取得了一定的成效。本文以汉源为例,简要介绍西南岩溶地区石漠化治理的主要措施和一些经验。     

西南岩溶石山地区石漠化综合治理研究

在中国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化发生演变时空特征分析结论的基础上,简要分析了石漠化的成因机理,重点探讨了当前石漠化治理的主导思想,认为石漠化治理的关键在于地质调查的开展、以岩溶小流域为整治单元的水资源开发以及典型小流域的综合整治示范,提出了相应的对策和具体的措施.     

广西环保产业发展现状分析及有关建议

环保产业是国家重点发展的七大战略性新兴产业之一,也是广西重点培育的战略性新兴产业。文章阐述并分析了广西环保产业发展的现状、存在的问题及面临的机遇等,提出了广西环保产业发展的对策与建议:在新形势下应该通过体制、机制、技术创新来推动环保产业的进一步健康持续发展。     

广西建设项目环境监理发展现状和对策研究

介绍了我国建设项目环境监理工作的起源和发展,以及广西环境监理工作的现状;梳理了试点省份建设项目环境监理的主要做法、成功经验和存在问题;重点对其工作管理模式、监管要求、收费标准及对机构、人员素质的要求等加以总结;针对广西建设项目环境监理管理体系尚未建立等实际,提出了当前广西环境监理初步发展的建议。     

变废为宝 打造循环经济

广西平桂飞碟股份有限公司于2003年10月成立,主要经营有色金属采选冶炼及深加工、电力、水泥建材、机械产品、工程设计等,集生产、贸易、投资、开发于一体。公司通过ISO9001:2000质量管理体系认证,拥有进出口经营权,是广西外贸出口商品生产基地。主要产品锡锭、铅锭、钨制品、钛白粉等畅销全国各地,远销欧、美及东南亚各国和地区。“飞碟”牌锡锭为伦敦金属交易所注册品牌,广西名牌产品,产品出口免检;“飞碟”牌钛白粉、铅锭、仲钨酸铵多次被评为“广西名牌产品”和“广西优质产品”,“飞碟”商标多次被评为“广西著名商标”。公司多次荣…     

对建立广西生态补偿机制的探讨

广西地处生态脆弱和敏感地区,经济发展相对落后,生态环境与经济发展平衡问题亟须解决。从广西生态补偿实践来看,在取得成效的同时存在补偿资金少、补偿效率低和缺乏统一规范的管理等问题,基于这些问题提出了适合广西的生态补偿办法,为构建广西生态补偿机制建言献策。     

广西：西部地区的出海通道

广西有着以制糖、机械、汽车、建材、矿产和制药等丰富的工业资源、农业资源以及桂林、北海、东兴为代表的旅游资源;加上以高速公路、二级公路、铁路为主体的陆路交通,以南宁、桂林、北海、柳州、梧州机场为主体的空中交通,以北海、钦州、防城港三大海港和南宁、柳州、贵港、梧州四大内河港为主体的水运交通,使广西拥有立体式的交通网络。同时,广西还是全国闻名的侨乡。 广西是整个西部地区唯一拥有出海通道的省份,成为大西南通往南亚、西亚、东南亚以及欧洲、非洲等国家和地区最为便捷的通道和窗口。 　　面对西部大开发难得的机遇,广西要充分利用现有的资源优势,重点突出支柱产业,整合盘活广西的资源;并依靠新闻媒体和著名侨乡的海外关系作为重点的沟通桥梁,拉动和推进广西的发展。……     

Provincial development plans in Zimbabwe: an analysis of their content,structure and methodology

Zimbabwean provincial plans were instituted to help in the achievement of the national goal of the creation of an egalitarian, socialist and integrated society. The national goal itself was adopted as an antithesis to the dualist society characterised by spatial, economic, social, politican and technological inequalities that Zimbabwe inherited from colonialism. This meant that provincial plans had to play both a functional (or growth allocating/distribution) and a territorial (or redistribution) role.

This paper reviews their role in achieving the national goal by examining their functions, content, structure and methodology. The paper concludes that because of their nature, provincial plans are not suitable tools for the achievement of the national goal.     

National minerals policies and stakeholder participation for broad-based development in the southern African development community (SADC)

This paper explains how the well-accepted concept of improved stakeholder participation during mineral policy development leads to a national mineral policy that accommodates the diverging views and interests that allows wide acceptance of decisions, enhancing the success of implementation and, ultimately, national benefits. This process is based on lessons learnt during the South African experience and has been successfully applied in the development of the Namibian and Malawian national minerals policies. An effective policy in the SADC will engineer the delicate balance between poverty reduction and an internationally competitive minerals sector. This balance enhances the possibility of long-term economic growth and development in the SADC region. The overriding advantage of this strategy is that it generates ‘home-grown’ policy instruments and implementation of mineral law with which stakeholders can identify. This process presents a new challenge to traditional policy formulation strategies in emerging economies and the bottom-up approach, linked to wide political support, allows the potential realisation of national objectives.     

A DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC WATERSHED MODEL1

ABSTRACT: A distributed watershed model was developed to mathematically simulate overland and channel flow for a single-event storm. The modeled watersheds in the study were subdivided into rectangular grid elements. All hydrologically significant parameters, such as land slope, rainfall and precipitation excess, were assumed to be uniform within each element. The Green-Ampt method was adopted to generate precipitation excess for each element during the simulation period. A two-dimensional diffusion wave model was used for overland flow routing and an iterative Alternative Direction Implicit scheme was used to solve the simultaneous overland flow equations. Once the overland flow became inflow to the channel, a one-dimensional dynamic wave flood routing technique, based on a four-point, implicit, non-linear finite difference solution of the St. Venant equation of unsteady flow, was applied. A limited number of comparisons were made between simulated and observed hydrographs for areas of about one square mile. Given the appropriate parameters, the model was able to accurately simulate runoff for single-event storms. This paper describes a distributed watershed model developed to simulate overland and channel flow. Comparisons were made between simulated and observed hydrographs for three watersheds. The model was able to accurately simulate the runoff for single-event storms using 61-m by 61-m (200 ft by 200 ft) watershed grid elements.     

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WHO SHOULD LEAD,WHO SHOULD PAY?1

ABSTRACT: Improving water management to meet future global needs will certainly require technical advances, but the main challenge is to integrate the viewpoints of diverse societal interests into decisions about allocation of water resources. The integration cannot be done solely by the market because it requires a balancing among interests which do not respond well to market forces, nor by the state alone because of institutional problems. The concept of “integrated water resources management” has been developed to provide the framework for the required balancing of interests, and, like similar concepts in industries other than water, it has a dual purpose - to link stakeholders and apply best practices to management actions. To clarify the process of integrated water management, the paper focuses on two questions: who should lead integrated water resources management and who should pay for it? Several examples are given to illustrate a range of situations. The paper concludes with a call to improve paradigms of integrated water management, a proposition that water organizations should accept and budget for their external responsibilities as well as their direct missions, affirmation of the need for state and federal agencies to be involved with local interests, a call for better scientific and public information, and identification of the need for continued work to improve the process of integrated water management.     

Green Symbolism in the Genetic Modification Debate

The character of the current controversy over geneticallymodified (GM) agriculture, typified by protesters' use of emotivesymbolism, has been largely inspired by the Green movement'snon-governmental organizations and political parties. This articleexplores the deeper philosophical and spiritual motivations of the Greenmovement, to inquire why it is implacably opposed to GM agriculture. TheGreen movement's anti-capitalism, exemplified by the hate-symbol statusof Monsanto as the company pioneering GM crops, is viewed within thewider context of alienation in the modern era. A complex of meanings isseen in Frankenstein as the focal symbol of GM protests, includingperceptions of risk, fears of the remixing of living identities seen ingenetic engineering, and resentment at the spiritual nihilism of thereduction of life to the digital code of DNA. By contrast, RobertGoodin's Green Theory of Value, which postulates the deep psychologicalimportance of nature in locating the self in a meaningful context largerthan ourselves, can explain the power of the Green symbol of thethreatened environment, Gaia. The advent of GM agriculture seems toimply that capitalism and technology can now enframe nature itself,leaving a world devoid of natural myth or meaning, with no escape fromthe alienation and nihilism of modernity. The central question posed forprotagonists of the GM debate is whether their agenda is based on thesepowerful but mythical conceptions of the environment, or whetherpreservation of the real environment is their primary ethic.     

STATE VARIABLE MODEL FOR URBAN RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS1

ABSTRACT: A nonlinear hydrologic system model has been developed for analyzing the urban rainfall-runoff process. The model is formulated as a state variable model consisting of several parameters. A search technique is employed to find the set of parameters for which the model's response best fits observed data. The model could be used in either a simulation or forecasting mode. The model is applied to observed data for the Waller Creek Watershed in Austin, Texas, to develop the model parameters for various levels of urbanization of the watershed. The trend of each parameter with respect to levels of urbanization is examined.     

Preliminary studies about effects of ELF and TAMMEF electromagnetic fields on human lymphomonocytes

In our paper we studied the effects of exposure to ELF (extremely low frequency) or musically generated TAMMEF (therapeutic application of musically modulated electromagnetic fields) electromagnetic fields on the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release induced by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from cultured human lymphomonocytes of peripheral blood. Lymphomonocytes, isolated from blood donors buffy-coat, were prepared using standard techniques in cell culture flasks, kept in CO₂ incubator, with controlled temperature and humidity for 5 days. Flasks were subjected to an ELF electromagnetic field (100 Hz sinusoidal) or to TAMMEF electromagnetic fields (with intensity, frequency, and wave shape randomly modified in time, so that all possible codes can occur during a single application). The TNF-α release was determined by ELISA test every 24 h for 92 h and the results were evaluated by a non-parametric test. LPS induces a stronger TNF-α release in cultures that were subjected to ELF when compared with cultures subjected to TAMMEF, at each time period of the experimental protocol. These results seem to indicate that TAMMEF is able to induce a complex modulation of LPS-induced TNF-α release, a cytokine with pro inflammatory property whose release during chronic or neoplastic inflammatory diseases has strong negative effects on several organ systems.     

Cadmium—Towards a rational use of a toxic element

Because of its toxicity, cadmium creates an environmental problem as well as a health hazard for exposed workers. Most cadmium emissions arise from the intentional use of the element. It is therefore mandatory to reduce cadmium consumption to the lowest possible level. Cadmium pigments, mainly used in plastic processing, can be replaced in all applications where the processing temperature does not exceed 300°C. Newly developed polyvinyl chloride stabilizers promise to be an excellent substitute for cadmium stabilizers in even the most demanding applications. Cadmium plating, still extensively used in the United States and the West Germany, has been virtually abandoned in Japan. Improved lead acid batteries are replacing vented nickel cadmium batteries because of their cost effectiveness. While in these applications cadmium use is declining, more and more cadmium is needed for the manufacturing of sealed nickel cadmium batteries. These relatively small electrochemical cells are used mainly by individual consumers. Here cadmium can only be replaced in some marginal applications. The high cadmium content of these batteries (up to 22%) makes them a good candidate for recycling of the heavy metal.     

Formulation of resource depletion index

A resource depletion index can serve as a quantitative tool to evaluate the level of depletion for natural resources. This study introduces two types of resource depletion indices, the global resource depletion index and the local resource depletion index. Global resource depletion index mainly concerns global reserves and the annual consumption rate of these resources. The local resource depletion index not only considers global reserves and their annual consumption rate, but also considers the local factors such as local reserves, local recycling rates, and local resource import characteristics. This study considers the local resource characteristics of Taiwan and develops calculations for local resource depletion indexes for the resources of cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, aluminum, lead and zinc.     

LONG-TERM EQUILIBRIUM PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EVERGLADES AS PREDICTED BY A VOLLENWEIDER-TYPE MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Anthropogenic phosphorus loading, mainly from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), is believed to be the primary cause of eutrophication in the Everglades. The state of Florida has adopted a plan for addressing Everglades eutrophication problems by reducing anthropogenic phosphorus loads through the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) in agricultural watersheds and the construction of stormwater treatment areas (STAs). Optimizing the effectiveness of these STAs for reducing phosphorus concentrations from agricultural runoff is a critical component of the District's comprehensive Everglades protection effort. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a simple tool that can be used to estimate STAs’performance and evaluate management alternatives considered in the Everglades restoration efforts. The model was tested at two south Florida wetland sites and then was used to simulate several management alternatives and predict ecosystem responses to reduced external phosphorus (P) loadings. Good agreement between model predictions at the two wetland sites and actual observations indicated that the model can be used as a management tool to predict wetlands’response to reductions in external phosphorus load and long-term P levels in aquatic ecosystems. Model results showed that lowering P content of the Everglades Protection Area (EPA) depends on reducing P loads originating from EAA discharges, not from rainfall. Assuming no action is taken (e.g., no BMPs or STAs implemented), the steady state model predicted that the average concentration within the modeled area of the marsh would reach 20 μg L^?1 within five years. With an 85 percent reduction in P loading, the steady-state model predicted that Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) P concentration will equilibrate at approximately 10 μ L^?1, while elimination of all loadings is projected to further reduce marsh P to values less than 10 μg L^?1.