基于情绪评价的城市公共空间认知度与品质测度北大核心

通过“情绪评价法+问卷法”构建认知度与品质评价模型,以大连市为例,对公园、广场、街道3种类型公共空间进行实测。结果发现:①大连各类公共空间认知度差异明显,其中,广场认知度最高,街道、公园认知度较低;实体空间的交通可达性、开放度和视觉可识别性,空间功能的社交力和时代性,虚拟空间的宣传度和传播度等均会对城市公共空间认知度产生影响。②街道空间品质差异性明显,存在复杂特征,呈现出“非常积极”“中性”“一般消极”“非常消极”4种情绪类型;公园以“一般积极”情绪为主,广场空间品质差异性最小;街道类型公共空间应是品质提升的重点和难点。③大连市城市公共空间认知度和品质具有高度相关性,但各类型公共空间认知度与品质之间的相关性存在明显差异。认知度与品质通过空间意向相互关联相互影响,认知度具有“空间实体可达性”和“空间意向可达性”的双重属性,并受多种因素影响。     

辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布特征与形成机制

运用变异系数、集中化指数、泰尔指数、综合公平指数模型,分析了辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布特征及形成机制.结果表明,辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布区域差异特征显著,城市公共体育设施空间布局的综合公平程度总体较低,影响辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布格局形成和演变的因素较多,主要包括历史因素、经济发展与布局、消费水平、地方政府重视程度、大型体育赛事的承办和制度政策等因素.     

民族高等院校非环境专业大学生的环境教育探索

随着社会经济的发展,环境问题层出不穷,环境事件时有发生。在环境教育中,可以利用这些受到广泛关注的真实环境事件,提高学生对环境学习的兴趣。在民族高等院校非环境专业的大学生中开展环境教育是国家和民族地区可持续发展的需要。开设环境类公共课程属于显性环境教育,在环境教育中起着重要的作用,教     

论公共环境危机管理

目前,我国已经进入了公共环境危机高发期,公共环境危机已成为我国公共管理的一个重要客体。公共环境危机除了具有公共危机共有的特点外,还具有专业性、伴生性、城市性、量变到质变等4个特点。对于公共环境危机管理应从日常公共环境危机管理和公共环境危机事件管理两个方面着手。     

基于IPA方法的城市公共休闲空间居民满意度评价——以徐州市为例

以徐州市城市公共休闲空间为研究对象,构建居民满意度评价体系,通过调查问卷获取居民对休闲空间体验的重要度—满意度数据,并运用IPA方法分析了该市公共休闲空间存在的问题。结果显示:87%观测指标的重要度均值超过4.0,表明居民对公共休闲空间体验要素比较重视;各观测指标的满意度均值位于2.75—3.38,对公共休闲空间体验的满意度较低;P—I差值配对样本T检验显示各指标满意度均值显著低于重要度均值(P0.05),存在较大提升空间。根据研究结果,建议公共休闲空间可从垃圾分类回收、厕所生态化建设、无障碍通道设置、公共休闲文化活动开展、停车场生态化建设、健身设施、管理与维护等方面进行改进,以提升居民休闲满意度。     

基于POI数据的城市群医疗与居住空间协同发展研究--以闽三角城市群为例

探索城市群医疗与居住空间协同发展问题,可为城市群公共医疗资源均衡发展提供参考。运用闽三角城市群医疗与居住POI数据,通过ArcGIS软件空间分析方法,从4个角度进行空间协同分析,并基于城市群内部与整体两个层面讨论了协同发展未来方向。结果表明:闽三角城市群内部医疗与居住空间协同发展情况不同,需要把握各自特点,积极整合医疗资源。未来,医疗与居住空间协同发展需要以厦门市为核心,发挥“厦泉”与“厦漳”的区域优势,同时注意整体和局部的均衡。     

我国城市地下空间开发研究初论

城市地下空间是城市空间资源的重要组成部分，在提高土地利用效率、缓解城市矛盾、节约能源、保护环境等方面起着举足轻重的作用，其开发利用与规划工作已被国家列入城市规划的重要内容。回顾国内地下空间开发方面的研究，可以概括为解决了开发情况介绍、开发效益分析、内部环境研究、利用规划管理4类，只要我们解决了研究存在的一些问题，就可更好推动我国地下空间建设健康协调发展。     

环渤海地区城市发展效率空间格局分析

采用非期望产出的SBM模型,测度了2005—2016年我国环渤海地区44个城市的城市发展效率,并结合标准差椭圆方法刻画了环渤海地区城市发展效率空间动态变化特征。结果表明:(1)环渤海城市发展效率整体水平较高且波动幅度大,呈波动上升态势。(2)环渤海城市发展效率空间格局演化特征明显,标准差椭圆主要向南偏西移动,且空间分布范围先扩大再缩小,最终呈扩大趋势;沿海地区的城市发展效率在环渤海地区占主体地位,近年标准差椭圆内部城市对环渤海地区城市发展效率的拉动作用大于标准差椭圆外部城市。(3)环渤海地区城市发展效率重心主要位于渤海上,城市发展效率的方位角呈波动下降的趋势,整体呈东北—西南格局分布。     

创意产业集聚区外部交往空间规划探索——“心理-行为-空间”互动视角下的实证研究

创意产业集聚区在促进创意产业发展、优化城市空间结构等方面具有重要意义，而以满足创意阶层特征和需求的创意产业集聚区内部公共空间规划的研究相对较少。从创意阶层交往的“心理-行为-空间”这一互动视角出发，选取南京具有代表性的“创意东8区”为研究对象，通过调查问卷、深入访谈和实地观察对创意阶层的“交往心理-交往行为-交往空间”进行了研究。在此基础上，从人口交往空间、中心交往空间、节点交往空间、道路交往空间等方面提出符合创意阶层心理和行为特征，并能促进交往产生的外部交往空间规划设计建议。     

城市化的明天:让城市社会健康成长

中国本土城市文化的核心观念,是把城市视为管制单位和载道宣教的空间工具,而非享受社会化城市生活的场所。今天的中国城市仍然沿袭了这个文化传统,非但没有通过城市化进程有效地建立起积极的城市社会生活,反而通过掠夺式的开发,把社会矛盾以空间结构的固化方式变得更为尖锐与持存。未来中国城市要良性发展,政府必须进行大规模公共投入,改善公共服务、丰富公共产品,让城市社会充分自由地成长发育,变畸形的、被房地产裹胁的城市化,为自主性的、健康的城市化。     

Neighbourhood - Open Space Relationships in Metropolitan Planning: a look across four scales of concern

New Urbanism and other metropolitan planning strategies may discount the importance of neighbourhood - open space relationships when dealing with some types of open spaces, particularly in city centre and urban fringe areas. In this paper I review a series of studies I have carried out over the past decade looking at people's perceptions and uses of urban open space. This research examined neighbourhood - open space relationships in the metropolitan area of Chicago, Illinois, USA at four scales of concern: quasi-public space within an immediate neighbourhood; a public park that spans different neighbourhoods; regional greenways; and a metropolitan bioreserve. In all of this work, my findings show how adjacent neighbourhoods are critical to the success of these open spaces, regardless of their scale. Lessons are drawn from each scale for how neighbourhood - open space relationships might be improved.     

Neighbourhood - Open Space Relationships in Metropolitan Planning: A look across four scales of concern

New Urbanism and other metropolitan planning strategies may discount the importance of neighbourhood - open space relationships when dealing with some types of open spaces, particularly in city centre and urban fringe areas. In this paper I review a series of studies I have carried out over the past decade looking at people's perceptions and uses of urban open space. This research examined neighbourhood - open space relationships in the metropolitan area of Chicago, Illinois, USA at four scales of concern: quasi-public space within an immediate neighbourhood; a public park that spans different neighbourhoods; regional greenways; and a metropolitan bioreserve. In all of this work, my findings show how adjacent neighbourhoods are critical to the success of these open spaces, regardless of their scale. Lessons are drawn from each scale for how neighbourhood - open space relationships might be improved.     

生态城市四元主体模型的构建

生态城市作为人类的理想居住地，其构建和发展与人类的生产和生活息息相关。明确一个生态城市系统的构成主体及各构成主体在生态城市的构建和发展过程中所起的作用，对研究生态城市至关重要。通过对生态城市构成主体及发展阶段的分析研究，提出由非政府组织、政府、企业、城市居民四方面主体构建生态城市的四元主体模型设想；通过分析各主体参与构建模型的必要性和作用，阐述了在生态城市发展的不同阶段四元主体模型的演变过程。     

基于可能—满意度的合肥市人口承载力研究

在系统分析城市人口承载力内涵基础上,运用“可能-满意度”法,在多目标条件下预测未来可支持合肥市健康发展的适度人口规模.结果表明：①城市供水、城市公共交通、城市医疗是合肥未来人口承载力的主要限制因素.②经济资源是未来人口承载力的主要“推力”,而自然资源、社会资源形成了人口承载力“拉力”.③预测2020年,合肥应将人口规模控制在593万人以内.     

Effects of signals of disorder on fear of crime in real and virtual environments

Despite the fact that virtual environments are increasingly deployed to study the relation between urban planning, physical and social disorder, and fear of crime, their ecological validity for this type of research has not been established. This study compares the effects of similar signs of public disorder (litter, warning signs, cameras, signs of vandalism and car burglary) in an urban neighborhood and in its virtual counterpart on the subjective perception of safety and livability of the neighborhood. Participants made a walking tour through either the real or the virtual neighborhood, which was either in an orderly (baseline) state or adorned with numerous signs of public disorder. During their tour they reported the signs of disorder they noticed and the degree to which each of these affected their emotional state and feelings of personal safety. After finishing their tour they appraised the perceived safety and livability of the environment. Both in the real and in the simulated urban neighborhood, signs of disorder evoked associations with social disorder. In all conditions, neglected greenery was spontaneously reported as a sign of disorder. Disorder did not inspire concern for personal safety in reality and in the virtual environment with a realistic soundscape. However, in the absence of sound disorder compromised perceived personal safety in the virtual environment. Signs of disorder were associated with negative emotions more frequently in the virtual environment than in its real-world counterpart, particularly in the absence of sound. Also, signs of disorder degraded the perceived livability of the virtual, but not of the real neighborhood. Hence, it appears that people focus more on details in a virtual environment than in reality. We conclude that both a correction for this focusing effect and realistic soundscapes are required to make virtual environments an appropriate medium for both etiological (e.g. the effects of signs of disorder on fear of crime) and intervention (e.g. CPTED) research.     

城镇化进程中生态环境管治的国际经验与启示

城镇化发展带来的环境污染问题已成为影响我国城镇化发展质量的重要方面。在新型城镇化建设全面推进和高质量发展要求的背景下,如何解决城镇化建设过程中的城市生态环境问题,优化空间布局,促进区域可持续发展,成为亟需解决的重大问题。本文基于全球视角从总结借鉴国际上主要国家城镇化过程、模式以及在此过程中生态环境保护和改善的经验入手,从科学规划、科技发展、法律制度、公众参与等方面总结国外经验,并从构建空间治理体系、治理环境突出问题、发挥政府主导作用、加大公众参与力度等方面探索构建我国新型城镇体系下生态环境管治的策略方案。     

ASSAULT PREVENTION AS SOCIAL CONTROL: WOMEN AND SEXUAL ASSAULT PREVENTION ON URBAN COLLEGE CAMPUSES

Sexual assault on U.S.A. college campuses is increasingly recognized as an urgent and pervasive national problem. To prevent assault, school administrators and individual women promote and adopt safety strategies that often compromise women's free and independent use of the campus environment. Such strategies may fail to correspond to the actual nature of sexual assault on campus. Based on open-ended interviews with college personnel and women students, this study examines sexual assault and personal crime prevention strategies at two midwestern, urban universities. School and individual strategies are characterized according to type, goals, and orientation. Findings explore the relationship of strategies to sexual assault on campus, and implications of strategies for women's use of public space. Conclusions suggest means to increase real safety while enhancing women's freedom and mobility on and near campus.     

Social sustainability and neighbourhood design: an investigation of residents' satisfaction in Delhi

Social and environmental goals are often mutually reinforcing. Urban forms may encourage social sustainability as well as social inclusion or may have the potential to create areas of crime and social exclusion. The issues of relationship between sustainable development and urban form have given birth to new paradigms of design approach such as new urbanism, the compact city and the eco-city. This paper examines the impact of urban form on social sustainability at the neighbourhood level. It seeks to better understand the relationship between urban form and social sustainability by comparing three neighbourhoods with dissimilar urban forms in Delhi, India. Household surveys and observation surveys in these three neighbourhoods were conducted, and it was found that the urban form of a neighbourhood plays a very important role in creating a socially sustainable residential neighbourhood. The study established that social interactions within the communities are higher when dwelling units are placed around the public realm or common open space. The study demonstrated that provision of high quality and well-located open space at the precinct level, mixed land use and good accessibility to the public realm and social infrastructure play an important role in increasing the social sustainability of the neighbourhood.     

Dimensions and models of contemporary public space management in England

This article discusses the concept of public space management and its evolution in a context of wider changes to urban governance. Public space management is taken as a sphere of urban governance in which conflicting societal demands on, and aspirations for, public space are interpreted through a set of processes and practices. Four interlinked dimensions for public space management are proposed: the co-ordination of interventions; the regulation of uses and conflicts between uses; the definition and deployment of maintenance routines; and investment in public spaces and their services. Within this conceptual framework, the paper looks at recent changes in public space management in England to suggest the emergence of alternative models of management. These are based on the roles ascribed to the state, to private agents and to user organisations, and on different approaches to dealing with the four management dimensions. Although the discussion shows that these models are more than just abstract formulations, and have been used to deal with a variety of public space problems, an important purpose for the paper is to provide an analytical framework through which to examine emergent practices in the management of public space and their potential consequences.     

Resilience to heat in public space: a case study of Adelaide,South Australia

During summer heatwaves, heat load exacerbates in urban heat islands (especially in hot climates) and threatens public life in cities. This paper examines the links between urban microclimates, outdoor thermal discomfort and public life through an exploratory case study. Heat resilience is highlighted as the ability of the space to support its normal activities when experiencing out-of-comfort temperatures. It also reports on the correlations between heat sensitive outdoor activities and urban greenery in three disparate case studies in Adelaide. Results indicate that necessary and optional activities start to decline after the apparent temperature reaches the threshold of 28?°C–32 °C, while activities in public spaces with more urban greenery show higher resilience to heat stress. Research findings propose heat resilience as a quality indicator in public space and support the application of urban greenery to make urban settings more resilient to heat stress.