长白山区立体气候资源与立体农业开发

本文概述了吉林省东部长白山区农业气候资源的立体变化规律,分析了如何根据立体气候规律安排农作物品种的垂直布局,确定主要特产植物适宜裁培高度、森林植被类型和立体农业生态经济系统建设等问题,指出了充分利用气候资源搞好山区农业立体开发的有效途径。     

黄山市农业气候资源分析与利用

在对黄山市农业气候条件进行调查分析的基础上，编制了气候资料表；并根据当地林、茶、果、桑、药的自然分布状况，结合山区农业气候资源概况，对如何利用山区农业气候资源进行了分析和研究。     

四川洪雅县农业气候资源的开发利用

农业气候资源的开发利用既包括农业气候资源在时间、空间和强度上的充分利用,也包括农业生态气候工程建设。从洪雅县农业气候资源的特点和农业生产的实际出发,作者探讨了该县农业气候资源开发利用的途径和方式,为该县农业生产提供了理论依据。     

四川盆地油桐适宜栽培高度及分布

本文对油桐产油量立体变化与气候生态条件的关系进行了客观定量的研究,提出了油桐适宜栽培高度的气候生态指标;并结合四川盆地年平均气温分布特点,揭示了油桐适宜栽培高度的分布规律,还根据有关生态学和经济学原理,对油桐发展战略进行了探讨。     

衡水地区棉麦一体化生态气候适应性分析

本文根据衡水地区的农业气候资料和棉花生产的调查资料,用平行分析法分析了当地棉麦一体化中棉花的生态气候适应性,并从综合效益方面探讨了棉麦一体化种植制度的前景,然后提出在该地区进一步推广棉麦一体化的种植建议。本文的一些结论对农业自然条件相似的地区具有指导意义。     

关于壁挂式空调制热舒适性最优出风温度的实验研究

通常,壁挂式房间空调在制热运行时,热风难以落地,导致房间温度分布上热下冷的问题。房间人体主要感受热量的垂直高度为地面0.1 m到1.1 m,经验证,当出风温度在43℃以上时基本不能满足ISO 7730:2005标准要求[1],用户热感效果较差,怎么解决该问题一直困扰各空调企业。本研究对空调制热不同出风温度和速度运行下房间的温度场进行实验研究,结合空气热物理特性,并结合舒适性评价指标,在不增加产品成本的情况下,得出空调制热最优出风温度的实验方法,实现热风落地,提高用户热感效果。     

盆周山区热量资源的特点及其利用

本文根据1982～1985年四川盆周21个山地剖面气候考察资料,分析了盐周山区热量资源特点。着重指出盆周山区的热量资源较同纬度的华中、华东山地具有明显优势;还指出山区逆温的生成对山区气象要素随高度的垂直变化有较大影响;最后提出了利用山区热量资源、开发山区农业的建议。     

四川乌头和附子气候生态适宜性研究

本文在分析乌头和附子的生态要求及其主要分布产区的气候环境的基础上,根据模糊集合论(Fuzzy sets)分别建立乌头和附子5个生态气候要素的隶属函数模型,以50个市(县)气象台(站)为代表,综合评价了四川省乌头和附子产地气候条件的生态适宜性;根据综合评判结果,分别将四川划分为3个乌头不同适宜区和4个附子不同适宜区。     

塔里木河沿岸地区农业气候资源分析及利用途径

分析塔里木河沿岸地区农业气候资源，提出了充分利用该地区农业气候资源的途径。     

皖南山区中华猕猴桃的气候适宜性区划

本文在简要分析皖南山区气候特征的基础上，根据中华猕猴桃的生长习性，提出了发展只结猕猴桃的适宜栽培高度区划，为合理利用山区气候资源发展猕猴桃生产提供科学依据。     

桂西北果树业的结构优化及其产业化发展——以广西自治区环江县为例

广西壮族自治区环江县选择果树业作为科技扶贫的支柱产业是近几年来探索出来的一条成功经验。通过对环江县科环公司果树业发展模式的分析,作者对桂西北果树业的结构优化及产业化道路进行了探讨。     

浅论果树对庭院生态系统的环境控制

本文从生态农业的思想出发，论述了庭院生态系统多方位开发的意义，针对四旁间隙地的自然条件，提出了庭院生态系统中适宜的果树树种及品种结构，以建立良性的生物控制基础。利用果树的生物学特性，分析了果树对系统的环境控制。     

雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区野果类资源初探

本文通过对雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区的考察.基本摸清了该地区野生果类资源的种类及分布状况,发现了1000年树龄的野生果树.以及可供科研和开发利甲的种质资源.同时.从考古资料的研究和考察中发现西藏是多种果肉的原产地,也是天然的果树种质资源库.     

锰矿废弃区生态恢复研究结果分析

在废弃的锰矿区经过平整土地、修建梯地、土壤改良,然后选择具有较高经济价值的果树进行科学种植试验,试验结果表明,所种植的9个品种中,有4个品种成活率达到95％-98％,5个品种成活率只有0-11％,种植成活的果树产量与其它种植区差异不明显,果实成份符合食品卫生标准,而土壤中的各种金属成分也明显减少,水土流失减少了352t／hm2,使生态恢复区的生态系统保持稳定,取得显著的生态及经济效益。     

果树缺铁失绿症矫治方法简述

本文简单评述了果树缺铁失绿症的多种矫治方法及其效果,以供各地在矫治果树失绿症时参考。     

EFFECTS OF WOODY VEGETATION ON SANDY LEVEE INTEGRITY1

he influence of woody vegetation on the reliability of a sandy levee was investigated using field data in seepage and slope stability analyses. Field data were collected from selected sites within a 10-km segment of a channel levee on the Sacramento River near Elkhorn, California. Root architecture and distribution were determined using the profile-wall method in which root cross sections were exposed in the vertical wall of an excavated trench. Transects running both parallel and perpendicular to the crest of the levee were excavated at six sites. Each site was dominated by different plant species: five sites were adjacent to trees or woody shrubs, while one supported only herbaceous growth. Lateral plant roots were primarily restricted to, and modified, the near-surface soil horizons to a depth of approximately 1 meter. Root area ratios (RARs) did not exceed 2.02 percent and generally decreased exponentially with depth. At depths greater than 20 cm, mean RARs for sites dominated by wood species were not significantly different from the mean RAB for the herbaceous site. No open voids clearly attributable to plant roots were observed. Roots reinforced the levee soil and increased shear resistance in a measurable manner. Infinite slope and circular arc stability analyses were performed on the landward and riverward slopes under different hydraulic loading conditions. Infinite slope analyses indicated increasing root area ratio from 0.01 percent to 1 percent increased the factor of safety from less than one to more than seven. Circular arc analyses indicated that even the lower measured root concentrations sufficed to increase safety factors for arcs with maximum depths of about 1 m from less than one to about 1.2. Our findings suggest that allowing woody shrubs and small trees on levees would provide environmental benefits and would enhance structural integrity without the hazards associated with large trees such as wind-throwing.     

The Importance of Temporal and Spatial Vegetation Structure Information in Biotope Mapping Schemes: A Case Study in Helsingborg,Sweden

Temporal and spatial vegetation structure has impact on biodiversity qualities. Yet, current schemes of biotope mapping do only to a limited extend incorporate these factors in the mapping. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of a modified biotope mapping scheme that includes temporal and spatial vegetation structure. A refined scheme was developed based on a biotope classification, and applied to a green structure system in Helsingborg city in southern Sweden. It includes four parameters of vegetation structure: continuity of forest cover, age of dominant trees, horizontal structure, and vertical structure. The major green structure sites were determined by interpretation of panchromatic aerial photographs assisted with a field survey. A set of biotope maps was constructed on the basis of each level of modified classification. An evaluation of the scheme included two aspects in particular: comparison of species richness between long-continuity and short-continuity forests based on identification of woodland continuity using ancient woodland indicators (AWI) species and related historical documents, and spatial distribution of animals in the green space in relation to vegetation structure. The results indicate that (1) the relationship between forest continuity: according to verification of historical documents, the richness of AWI species was higher in long-continuity forests; Simpson’s diversity was significantly different between long- and short-continuity forests; the total species richness and Shannon’s diversity were much higher in long-continuity forests shown a very significant difference. (2) The spatial vegetation structure and age of stands influence the richness and abundance of the avian fauna and rabbits, and distance to the nearest tree and shrub was a strong determinant of presence for these animal groups. It is concluded that continuity of forest cover, age of dominant trees, horizontal and vertical structures of vegetation should now be included in urban biotope classifications.     

我国猕猴桃整形修剪技术

探讨了猕猴桃整形修剪在保持良好树形、促进生长发育、达到优质丰产方面的作用，介绍了我国猕猴桃整形修剪技术在整形架式、整形方法、修剪时间、修剪方法等方面的研究进展。