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断面污染物分布均匀度及影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水质监测在跨行政区、跨水域功能区、排污总量控制区的水质控制与管理方面有着非常重要的作用,而断面污染物分布均匀与否是水环境监测断面采样是否具备可靠性、合理性和代表性的关键。本文根据监测采样要求提出了断面污染物分布均匀度的概念,即断面污染物分布均匀度是指在污染带内任一垂直于水流方向断面上某一污染物最小浓度值与最大浓度值之比。并就污染物排放量、河流环境水文特征、河流背景浓度、排污方式等断面污染物分布均匀度影响因素进行了分析研究,借助水质模拟技术,反演在上游有排污口情况下如何布置排污方式以满足下游监测采样的要求。这对跨界河流的水质交接、流域水环境质量管理、排污总量控制、水环境监测断面设置等方面的应用具有重要指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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尼洋河流域水环境质量现状评价研究——基于模糊综合评价法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尼洋河流域水资源十分丰富,水能蕴藏量巨大,生态环境良好。随着西藏经济的发展,必将出现大规模开发利用水资源的趋势,探讨流域水资源和环境的现状及可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。本文对尼洋河流域基础资料的收集与整理,分析尼洋河流域的特点与现存的问题,根据收集的水质监测资料,分析了流域污染源概况和构成,以未进行水环境功能区划为前提,选择模糊综合评价法对尼洋河流域水环境质量进行现状评价,并对超标断面进行了原因分析,通过对2012年尼洋河流域14个监测断面监测成果的评价,得出尼洋河流域水质现状良好的结论,为以后的水功能区划分、水质目标的确定以及水环境功能区划分提供依据。 相似文献
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河长制平台在促进完善流域生态补偿机制方面具有非常重要的作用,是实现流域水环境可持续管理的关键突破口。本研究梳理了完善流域生态补偿机制的必要性,分析了利用河长制平台完善流域生态补偿机制的可行性,并以跨界断面监测为技术衔接点,以完善跨界断面的设置、考核指标和考核目标作为突破点,利用河长制的高位推动、组织体系和部门联动,从技术方法、监测体系和补偿方式三个方面提出了完善流域生态补偿机制的建议:一是发挥河长制科技支撑作用,完善流域生态补偿技术方法;二是发挥河长制部门协同作用,完善流域生态补偿监测体系;三是发挥河长制统筹兼顾作用,完善流域生态补偿方式。 相似文献
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为研究郪江流域遂宁段水环境质量,对郪江干流和8条支流开展了现场调查和定期监测。采用内梅罗综合污染指数、断面类别比例法和水环境质量指数对流域水质进行了综合分析。利用综合营养状态指数对水源地水体富营养化进行了评价。结果表明:郪江流域遂宁段水质不能够达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准要求,水质为轻度污染,枯、平水期水质优于丰水期。支流水质较差,加重了干流水体负荷。流域部分饮用水源地为Ⅳ类水质,同时表现为轻度富营养化。研究成果为水质改善提供理论依据和水生态环境质量稳定达标提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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为了科学地提出沱江水污染防治的建议,系统地对前期水质情况进行梳理十分必要。根据“十三五”期间沱江流域断面的水质例行监测数据,利用内梅罗污染指数法、Spearman秩相关系数法,分析了2016~2020年沱江干流水环境质量及其变化趋势;阐述了2020年沱江流域水环境质量的时空分布。结果表明2016~2018年,干流断面中三皇庙水质相对较差,2019~2020年沱江干流沿程水质变化不大;“十三五”期间,整体上沱江流域水质变好,其中沱江干流大多数断面水质转好显著;2020年,沱江干流水质相对较好,水质较差断面位于支流,9~11月水质相对较好,3~5月水质相对较差。系统的对沱江流域水环境质量和变化趋势开展分析评价,可为沱江水环境改善及污染防治提供依据。 相似文献
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梁子湖流域水环境功能区划及水质现状分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“水是生命之源,生产之本。”近几十年来,由于人类活动对自然界的影响越来越大,水环境的污染问题也越来越突出,其造成的危害和影响越来越受到人们的关注。水资源总量是有限的,因此合理的规划开发利用水资源显得尤为重要。本文针对梁子湖流域存在的水环境水质恶化的问题,依据其水环境功能区划,通过对水质现状的监测,利用透明度、DO、BOD、COD、NH3-N、TP六个指标作为梁子湖水质研究的主要水质指标,并对监测结果进行分析,依据其检测结果进行流域控制单元的划分,同时加强水质管理,从而达到优化梁子湖流域水环境区划功能的目的,并对做好水资源保护工作有着重要的现实指导意义。 相似文献
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创新水源型流域污染系统控制科技支撑战略,对我国流域水环境综合治理与管理具有前瞻意义.文章从引导科技支撑发展方向,发展多维流域认知系统,创立流域系统控制知识,创新水源流域环境技术,建立流域水环境经济学与完善流域环境管理体系六个方面构建了水源流域污染系统控制的科技支撑战略体系;从制定水源型流域环境区划、水源型流域安全发展规划、水源型流域环境保护规划与水源型流域保护工程规划四个方面提出了水源型流域污染系统控制科技支撑的战略行动;从转变治理方向、改变治理目标与调整控制范围、优化监控指标等方面提出了水源型流域污染系统控制科技支撑的战略建议. 相似文献
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小流域是实现重点流域精准化治理的基本单元,"三生共赢"是指要把解决环境问题的目标定位于生活、生产与生态的协调发展,是实现小流域环境改善和可持续发展的根本路径。本研究立足于流域水环境质量改善,以"三生共赢"和可持续发展理念为指导,提出了基于"三生共赢"的小流域水环境综合治理理论架构,即立足于水环境质量改善和水资源的优化配置,强化流域水环境约束,以尽可能小的环境代价支撑流域经济结构优化、新型城镇化发展,以资源高效和循环利用为核心,大力发展循环经济体系和循环社会体系,并通过创新流域治理体制机制构建成本共担利益共享格局,最终实现小流域社会经济可持续发展。本研究基于以上理论架构设计了生态环境、绿色经济、优质宜居三大类指标体系24项具体指标,并重点从优化流域空间开发格局、构建产业绿色发展体系、改善城乡居民生活环境、提升流域生态系统功能、健全流域治理体制机制等方面分析了小流域水环境综合治理对策。本研究可为各级政府创新流域治理模式、制定小流域水环境综合治理规划提供较为可行的理论支撑和技术体系。 相似文献
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An online water quality monitoring and management system developed for the Liming River basin in Daqing, China 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
This paper describes an online water quality monitoring and management system that was developed by combining a chemical oxygen demand sensor with an artificial neural network technology and a virtual instrument technique. The system was used to model the hydrological environment of the Liming River basin in Daqing City, China, in an effort to maintain the water quality in this basin at a level compatible with the status of Daqing City as a scenic resort. Operation of the system during the past 2 years has shown that an optimal allocation of water (including water released from an environmental reservoir to mitigate pollution events) could be achieved for the basin using the information gathered by the system; using mathematic models established for this system, the quantity of water released from the reservoir is adequate to improve the overall water environment. The results demonstrate that the system provides an effective approach to water quality control for environmental protection. 相似文献
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Toward Integrated Environmental Management for Challenges in Water Environmental Protection of Lake Taihu Basin in China 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China. It serves many social, economic, and ecological purposes in the
drainage basin. Unfortunately, the water has been heavily polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization during
the last two decades. Notwithstanding great efforts made so far to improve the water quality, the environmental situation
is still far from being optimistic. The basin and the lake are facing a range of severe environmental challenges: rapid socio-economic
development continues to place great pressures on the environment, current pollution control projects have many problems from
the viewpoint of effectiveness and efficiency of their implementations, and the non-point sources of pollution such as agricultural
fields, for which control is more difficult than for industrial point sources, have become the main contributors to serious
eutrophication of the lake. Considering the characteristics of the environmental challenges and problems confronting the basin
and the lake, we focus on integrated environmental management (IEM) as a promising and effective approach to overcome these
predicaments. Current practices and problems of environmental management in the basin are examined, and potential future developments
are discussed. Three aspects of the IEM are emphasized: institutional cooperation, public participation, and internalization
of environmental externalities. We think these are the most critical for not only the basin but also for the whole of China
to achieve a sustainable society. 相似文献
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以流域为单元进行水资源综合规划和管理是实现水环境改善的重要途径。本文以太湖流域第二大省界湖泊—淀山湖为例,在综合分析流域水环境质量基础上,利用GIS 分析工具划分流域治理片区并制定分区管控策略。根据流域所含骨干河流流向、骨干河流与淀山湖交汇特点、上中下游不同河段及镇域行政边界,将淀山湖流域分为吴淞江流域、千灯浦- 淀山湖流域、昆南湖荡流域、元荡湖荡流域、太浦河流域五大片区138 个子评价单元。通过水环境容量与压力两类空间叠加分析,构建形成污染重点减排区、污染综合治理区、产业绿色化提升区、生态环境保育区等四个类型区域,并提出差异化的产业准入和环境治理措施。本研究不仅为以流域为治理单元的水环境治理规划提供了较为可行的技术体系,而且为太湖流域水环境综合整治思路创新提供了可借鉴的案例。 相似文献
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Arthur J. Morgan J. L. Thomas 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(5):884-891
ABSTRACT: There is a lamentable absence of comprehensive planning in the current cursade to improve water quality. A serious shortcoming is the lack of evaluation of the effects of waste water treatment upon environmental quality. At some point in time the public may ask what they have obtained for their money. The nature of pollution in a river basin demands a coordinated attack against it. Engineering and economic criteria suggest that a properly empowered river basin authority would be the logical organization to plan and operate a water quality management system. Several forms of such authorities have operated effectively and efficiently for many years in the United States and other industrialized countries. Examples of successful river basin authorities and their advantages and methods of operation are discussed. 相似文献
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James A. Perry David J. Schaeffer Harold W. Kerster Edwin E. Herricks 《Environmental management》1985,9(3):199-207
The planning and execution of water quality management programs requires careful collection and analysis of data coupled with a systematic review and analysis of programmatic success. The environmental audit is a tool which facilitates improved water quality planning and management. This article demonstrates the utility of the environmental audit by reviewing portions of a comprehensive review of the water quality management program for the state of Idaho. The audit is a tool which forces careful design of a sampling program before data are collected. In the audit approach, program objectives are clearly stated prior to initiation of sampling. Stated objectives are also evaluated regularly to identify tension points, that is, conflicts between expectations and reality. In the example taken from Idaho, a management review team followed a directive to redesign the water quality monitoring program. We present a summary of the redesign as proposed by that team, to illustrate the results of a typical review of monitoring programs. That summary is followed by an example of how the proposed program would differ if the audit approach had been used. The two approaches offered both coincident and conflicting recommendations. Management review team and audit recommendations for lake sampling programs were similar even though a different process was used to develop the recommendations. The most striking contrast between the two results lies in the review team's approach to the problem. The directives followed, and the team's responses, concentrate on tools, such as increasing biological monitoring or reliance on monthly BWMP stations. In contrast, the audit results stress addressing management questions for which clear objectives have been stated, depending on specific tools only as needed to meet stated objectives. Although the audit does integrate externalities in its structure, it is little affected by economic or political influences. A major strength of the audit approach is its ability to provide defensible data for management decision making. 相似文献
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On the basis of the European Water Framework Directive (2000/60), the water resources of the member states of the European
Community should reach good quality standards by 2015. Although such regulations illustrate the basic points for a comprehensive
and effective policy of water monitoring and management, no practical tools are provided to face and solve the issues concerning
freshwater ecosystems such as rivers. The Italian government has developed a set of regulations as adoption of the European
Directive but failed to indicate feasible procedures for river monitoring and management. On a local scale, Sicilian authorities
have implemented monitoring networks of watersheds, aiming at describing the general conditions of rivers. However, such monitoring
programs have provided a relatively fragmentary picture of the ecological conditions of the rivers. In this study, the integrated
use of environmental quality indices is proposed as a methodology able to provide a practical approach to river monitoring
and management. As a case study, the Imera Meridionale River, Sicily’s largest river, was chosen. The water quality index
developed by the U.S. National Sanitation Foundation and the floristic quality index based on the Wilhelm method were applied.
The former enabled us to describe the water quality according to a spatial–temporal gradient, whereas the latter focused on
the ecological quality of riparian vegetation. This study proposes a holistic view of river ecosystems by considering biotic
and abiotic factors in agreement with the current European regulations. How the combined use of such indices can guide sustainable
management efforts is also discussed. 相似文献