油基岩屑脱油残渣制备复合胶凝材料研究

针对油基岩屑脱油残渣末端处置难题，以脱油残渣作为辅助胶凝材料开展了制备复合胶凝材料的可行性研究。考察了不同原料配比对复合胶凝材料性能的影响，确定了最佳配比，探究了复合胶凝材料的水化过程。脱油残渣对复合胶凝材料基本性能具有负效应，在最佳配比条件下(熟料∶石膏∶脱油残渣∶矿渣=71∶4∶7.5∶17.5),复合胶凝材料性能满足GB 175-2007《通用硅酸盐水泥》P·C 32.5R等级要求。脱油残渣中硅铝质物质在熟料水化产生的OH^-和Ca²⁺作用下发生二次水化反应形成部分C-S-H凝胶以及钙矾石，进而与熟料水化形成的产物相互交错生长，赋予力学性能。利用脱油残渣制备复合胶凝材料有效解决脱油残渣末端处置问题，从而为脱油残渣的资源化处置提供参考。     

电絮凝处理油田废水初步研究

采用电絮凝法处理油田废水，考察了电流强度、PAC投加量、电极板间距和pH值对废水脱油率的影响。正交实验表明，pH值和电流强度是影响废水脱油率的两个最显著因素。在选定的条件下进行电絮凝实验，废水脱油率达到84.3％。     

油基钻屑低温热脱附处理工艺模拟

为减少油基钻屑对环境的不良影响和危害，并最大限度地回收资源，提出采用低温热脱附的方式 对其进行处理。通过钻井液油水固相分离装置并结合正交实验法对低温热脱附处理工艺进行模拟研究，选用 热重分析仪及气相色谱研究油基钻屑热解失重规律以及回收油总石油烃分布。结果表明：低温热脱附处理油 基钻屑的主要影响因素为处理温度，其次为停留时间，升温速率影响最小，350℃处理温度下，即可将油基钻屑 热脱附残渣含油率降至0.3％以下，满足GB4284—2018《农用污泥污染物控制标准》；油基钻屑中含水率的增 加有利于提高低温热脱附效果，原料含水率在5％～10％时热脱附效果及经济性最好；低温热脱附回收油品质 好，和原料总石油烃分布基本一致。     

CW-O1反相破乳剂在油田采出水处理中的应用

油田进入高含水期后，采出水量急剧增加，污水脱油处理难度加大。本文介绍了CW─01反相破乳剂脱油性能的评价方法及其与国内外样品除油性能的对比结果，并举例介绍了该破乳剂在油田和炼厂含油污水处理中应用的显著效果，说明CW─01反相破乳剂是用于含油污水处理的高效脱油剂。     

软锰矿烟气脱硫反应过程研究

研究了软锰矿浆体系中SO2和软锰矿的宏观动力学反应过程，考察了搅拌速度、温度、浓度、矿粉粒度、固体浓度等因素对反应速度的影响，应用了反应过程中粒径不断缩小的缩芯模型描述反应过程，计算出此反应的活化能。最终揭示了SO2与软锰矿反应的宏现动力学的数学模型，为工业装置的设计和操作提供了动力学理论依据，为本工艺的工业化应用打下了坚实的基础。     

油基岩屑热脱附工程实验能耗分析与优化

热脱附技术被鼓励用于油基岩屑资源化处置,针对其工程应用中能耗相对偏高的问题开展研究, 采用两段螺旋推进式间接热脱附工程实验平台,设定天然气燃烧产生的热量与热脱附装置各环节消耗热量之和相等,据此进行平衡计算和能耗分析,基于响应曲面法对油基岩屑热脱附过程中的4个因素和两个目标进行 优化实验并加以验证。结果表明,水分蒸发吸收的热量和残渣余热之和约占总热量消耗的2/3;当油基岩屑中的含水率和含油率分别每增加1％,天然气消耗量将分别增加2.53Nm3和1.81Nm3;运用优化实验方法,可使 实验装置运行总能耗降低6.01％～13.16％。综上,通过采取降低油基岩屑含水率、含油率及优化运行参数等措施,可以显著降低热脱附装置的能耗,采用热量衡算和热脱附参数优化方法,可以为工业化油基岩屑热脱附节能降耗提供参考。     

水环境价值的数学模型及量化计算—以图们江流域为例

对水环境价值数学模型的建立过程进行了详细介绍，以图们江流域作为典型流域进行了量化计算，计算出流域的宏观水环境价值，并对流域水环境价值与社会经济的耦合关系进行了分析。     

热脱附技术处理油基钻屑实验研究

页岩气非常规油气开发中产生油基钻屑,属于《国家危险废物名录》(2016)中的HW08类危险废物,是影响非常规油气开发的环保难题。油基钻屑中含有大量的矿物油,通过热脱附技术能够实现油基钻屑的安全处理,既能保证处理后残渣满足环保要求,又能回收矿物油。利用室内实验装置进行了加热温度和停留时间对油基钻屑的热脱附过程影响的实验研究,并分析了处理后固相残渣和回收油的基本属性。结果表明采用热脱附技术对于油基钻屑具有良好的处理效果,经检测,处理后残渣的含油率低于1%,回收油可以重新用于配置油基泥浆,性能满足使用要求,实现了回收油的资源化再利用。     

无机聚合硅铝混凝剂的合成及其在含油污水净化中的应用

本文以价廉、来源广的水玻璃及硫酸和硫酸铝（简称AS）为原料，制备无机聚合硅铝混凝剂（简称PSA)。对影响PSA产品稳定性的因素进行了讨论；考察了PSA在含油污水混凝脱油净化中的应用性能；并与聚氯化铝（简称PAC）及AS的性能进行了对比。结果表明，PSA是一种高效的含油污水脱油净化用混凝剂，可以使含油污水的处理费用大幅度下降。     

热脱附处理页岩气油基钻屑的研究与应用

介绍了油基钻屑的来源、组成、危害、处理方法以及热脱附技术研究进展与应用。综述了热脱附原理与工艺,并重点分析了钻屑性质、处理温度、停留时间、载气流速或压差、添加剂对油基钻屑处理效果的影响。讨论了当前热脱附处理油基钻屑存在处理过程能耗高、废气二次污染、废热回收利用率低等问题,提出针对油基钻屑性质选取合适的改性添加剂、提高传质传热效率、探究协同效应机理等油基钻屑高效节能处理的改进方向。     

化学药剂对吸入式气浮净化机除油浮选动力学的影响

本研究在实验室装置上着重考察了化学药剂对吸入式气浮净化机除油浮选动力学的影响。研究结果表明化学药剂对浮选速率常数有明显影响,不同化学药剂及用量其影响效果不同。     

Validation of a dynamic model of hydrogen permeation through Pd-based membranes

Pd-based membranes have been studied for pure hydrogen separation from syngas: in particular, a mathematical model of a Pd membrane for hydrogen separation has been developed.This model can be used in process and assessment studies of the parameters which characterize the mass transfer phenomena (such as: hydrogen permeability, surface coverage and limiting step). By coupling the permeation and water gas shift reaction kinetics, it can also be used to evaluate the performances of the membrane reactor. Further, it can be helpful to evaluate the best assembly and sizing of a H₂/CO₂ separation system.The model takes into account the kinetics of H₂ adsorption/desorption on Pd surface, the H₂ permeation into the palladium bulk and in the porous layer, and the kinetics of CO, CO₂, H₂O, O₂, H₂S competitive adsorption/desorption on Pd surface. It is also comprehensive of flux equations and bulk mass, momentum and energy balance.The results released by the model were compared to the experimental data during both the transient phase and the steady state conditions. A satisfactory agreement between model and experimental data was found.     

石油类污染物在充填状灰岩裂隙中迁移规律研究

针对淄博市大武水源地的石油污染状况进行了动态模拟石油类污染物迁移特性的研究。内容包括用现场粘土充填灰岩石板缝测定弥散系数、吸附系数及其他有关参数，建立该系统在饱水条件下的迁移数学模型。研究表明静态吸附均遵循Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附模式，且吸附能力较小；静态吸附结果与动态参数比较吻合，可直接用于建立整体模型；水中的石油类污染物在地表以下迁移性很强，容易下渗进入潜水层。     

NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO PARTICLE DEPOSITION DURING SLOT FLOW1

ABSTRACT A mathematical model is presented of the process of particle sedimentation from a fluid-solid slurry while flowing through a vertical slot. The differential equations describing the process consist of 1st order, non-linear, partial differential equation and a 1st order, ordinary differential equation. These two equations have been solved using a forward difference technique. Results for typical sets of system parameters are presented and discussed. The model finds practical application to solid-waste disposal processes and to petroleum reservoir stimulation processes.     

火焰原子吸收测定土壤中铜的不确定度分析

运用原子吸收测定土壤中的铜含量时，通过对回归方程和换算公式建立的数学模型中C，V，G，facid，ftime，freap六个分量的不确定度分析计算，最后求出铜含量的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度，根据影响标准不确定度的最大影响分量C，找到减小不确定度的方法。     

正交化方法在水质模型参数确定中的应用

本文根据常微分方程参数反问题的数学理论，将正交化方法同有限差分法结合用于确定水质模型参数，并与正则化方法、最速下降法和共轭梯度法作了比较。其计算结果对比表明，正交化方法具有快速、简便、可靠的特点。更适合于水质模型参数的确定。     

Mathematical modelling and experimental validation of solar drying of mushrooms

This article presents two mathematical models for drying mushrooms considering the shrinkage effect. Both the models consider the physical changes of mushrooms during drying using the diffusion equation. A convective term is presented in the first model while, in the second model, the effective diffusion co-efficient is employed. Although the diffusion co-efficient is mainly dependent on the water content of the mushrooms, both models are suitable for analyzing the drying process. Moreover, in this study it has been demonstrated that both models are equivalent. The Genetic Algorithmic process was used to estimate the parameter values in different conditions. The information regarding the moisture content and the thickness evaluation taken from the models shows the best fit with the experimental data. The mathematical models developed to simulate the drying curve of mushroom have been evaluated and compared.     

VELOCITY AND CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEDIMENT‐LADEN OPEN CHANNEL FLOW1

ABSTRACT: A mathematical model to predict both velocity and concentration distributions for sediment‐laden open channel flow is developed. Velocity profiles are derived by theoretical analysis and numerical method. Logarithmic law and semi‐empirical wake function concept are not adopted. An empirical equation for the ratio of sediment exchange and fluid diffusion coefficients is considered to solve the diffusion equation for suspended‐sediment concentration profiles. Four sets of experimental data from previous researchers are compared to numerical calculation. In the engineering applications, velocity and concentration profiles of sediment‐laden flow can be predicted simultaneously by the present model with the measured velocity and sediment‐concentration at reference level.     

A VOLUME BALANCE SOLUTION FOR WATER FLOW OVER FLAT SOIL SURFACES1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the development of a mathematical model to compute the advance of water flowing over flat soil surfaces. The solution is of interest to the design and management of irrigation systems, and the model can also be applied to overland flow problems. The hydraulics of water flow during the advance phase is simulated by the Lewis-Milne integral equation. The general solution to this equation is obtained by using the Laplace transform theory. A particular solution was developed, based on series expansions, that uses the modified Kostiakov equation to predict infiltration. The solution is given by a double infinite series that has terms of alternate sign. Results from this model show satisfactory agreement when compared with field data collected by the author.     

Quantitative Assessment of Agricultural Runoff and Soil Erosion Using Mathematical Modeling: Applications in the Mediterranean Region

Three mathematical models, the runoff curve number equation, the universal soil loss equation, and the mass response functions, were evaluated for predicting nonpoint source nutrient loading from agricultural watersheds of the Mediterranean region. These methodologies were applied to a catchment, the gulf of Gera Basin, that is a typical terrestrial ecosystem of the islands of the Aegean archipelago. The calibration of the model parameters was based on data from experimental plots from which edge-of-field losses of sediment, water runoff, and nutrients were measured. Special emphasis was given to the transport of dissolved and solid-phase nutrients from their sources in the farmers' fields to the outlet of the watershed in order to estimate respective attenuation rates. It was found that nonpoint nutrient loading due to surface losses was high during winter, the contribution being between 50% and 80% of the total annual nutrient losses from the terrestrial ecosystem. The good fit between simulated and experimental data supports the view that these modeling procedures should be considered as reliable and effective methodological tools in Mediterranean areas for evaluating potential control measures, such as management practices for soil and water conservation and changes in land uses, aimed at diminishing soil loss and nutrient delivery to surface waters. Furthermore, the modifications of the general mathematical formulations and the experimental values of the model parameters provided by the study can be used in further application of these methodologies in watersheds with similar characteristics.