Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Sustainable development, a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust, has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models. However, the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate. On the one hand, differing from traditional economic developmental models, economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development＇. On the other hand, current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development. Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries. Lastly, instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies, it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development＇.     

Integrating Sustainable Development into Global Institutions： Reforming the United Nations

This article will briefly outline the origins, structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable development （ESD）. Economic development, social development and environmental protection form the three interconnected parts of ESD. The achievements of the key UN environmental institutions and programs in opening up the global system to civil society, the private sector and a diversity of actors and interests, promoting the role of poverty alleviation as part of ESD through the Millennium Development Goals, and facilitating important Multilateral Environmental Agreements should be recognized. However, with these notable exceptions, organizations such as United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development have become weak in scientific and technical leadership, global policy, co-ordination （inside and outside the UN） and has few achievements in the inter- national and national implementation of obligations and standards in Global Environmental Governance - including enforcement, compliance and effectiveness. This article will outline the key reasons for this inadequacy. Attention will also be focused on the way forward through of a new United Nations Environment Organization. This will require a clarification of purpose and function （within the UN system and as part of global governance structures） as well as consideration of whether it depends on system-wide UN reform. It is recommended that medium and long term strategies for reform are necessary.     

科技促进宁夏可持续发展的现状分析

科技是推动宁夏进一步深化改革与发展、实施西部大开发战略、促进经济持续增长、优化产业结构、提升产业竞争实力、缓解发展过程中的资源环境约束力、实现可持续发展的核心力量.科技在促进宁夏实现可持续发展方面取得显著的成就与经验,但是在支Ё撑全区社会经济发展、改善环境以及区域科技创新能力建设方面仍存在急需解决的问题:①科技资源布局不合理;②产业工艺落后,能耗偏高:③特色优势产业发展后劲严重不足,成果转化率低;④区域科技创新能力弱.文章最后结合宁夏自然环境条件、社会经济发展状况、文化特点提出了其未来科技发展的战略思路及重点.     

论世界银行衡量可持续发展的最新指标体系

本文综述了近年来衡量可持续发展的各类指标体系;对世界银行发布的最新体系,进行了全面的评论,并且由此归纳出该体系的五项优点和两项缺陷。尤其对于新指标体系应用“储蓄率”的消长,去动态地监测可持续发展的过程,给予了高度的评价。此外,本文还对有关的国家排序结果做了相应的对比分析。     

略论科技现代化与环境保护

本文探讨了科技发展与环境保护之间的关系 ,可持续发展对科技现代化的战略需求进行了论证 ,提出对环境问题科技现代化须重视软科学研究 ,并从三个方面论述了蕴涵可持续发展理念的科技现代化所应包涵的内容 ,即 :重建科学技术发展的自然观念 ;用绿色科技塑造传统产业 ;科学精神与人文精神相结合     

武汉市生态环境与可持续发展的问题与措施

生态环境是经济发展的基本要素，也是人类赖以生存繁衍的基本条件。但由于种种原因，导致生态破坏、环境污染。使武汉市面临生存与发晨的严重威胁。本文从武汉市的实际情况出发，分析了武汉市可持续发展战略中生态环境存在的若干问题。并提出了以加强多种手段的结合保护环境，防治环境恶化和优化环保流程，减少污染物等若干对策。     

试论实现环境与经济可持续发展的关键

本文从环境科学技术在经济社会中,在保持“人类(生产者)—环境—社会经济”系统稳定地、健康地运行中的作用和地位出发,从实现经济与环境协调发展的行政手段和技术手段间相互关系出发,提出了实现在环境上可持续发展的经济的关键是大力发展环境科学技术。     

对我国农业现代化深层次问题的思考

中国农业现代化不可能照搬西方发达国家，必须从实际出发，吸收欧美等国先进科学技术和经验及教训，合理利用自然资源，保护生态环境，同时还要利用具有中国特色的传统技术和国外的高新技术，建设符合国情的非传统农业现代化，并实施可持续发展战略。在此背景下，文章分析了农业现代化过程中面临的深层次问题，提出了发展对策。     

可持续发展定量研究的几种新方法评介

可持续发展衡量的指标体系及其评价方法和模型研究是可持续发展研究的重要内容,它可以为政府的可持续发展决策提供重要的科学依据和优先考虑的问题,还可以为公众提供可持续发展的有效信息。在分析国际上和国内衡量可持续发展的指标体系的基础上,本文介绍了９０年代中期以来国际上提出的几种新的、有代表性的基于货币化估值的指标体系和以具体生物物理衡量的指标体系,并系统分析比较了它们的优特点。     

中国不同发展阶段地区环境可持续性状态与趋势研究

中国不同地区发展水平存在较大的差异．面临的环境问题和可持续发展的优先领域也不同。因此．可持续发展评价与政策制定需要与区域发晨实际相结合。选取上海、德州和固原三个地区作为中国发达、发展中和欠发达地区的代表．选择可操作和可比性强的指标．基子压力-状态-响应模型．构建了环境可持续性趋势系数．对比不同发展水平地区环境发展的状态、趋势和存在的主要问题。得出以下结论：近20年来．虽然中国总体环境保护能力有了一定的提高．但污染物排放压力持续增长．环境质量普遍恶化的趋势没有得到根本改变;上海、德州和固原环境可持续性趋势系数分别为0．82、0．55和0．45．发达地区环境可持续性最强．发展中地区一般．欠发达地区量差;目前我国环境政策领域往往注重经济发展的“两极”：高度发达地区和欠发达地区,本文的研究结果表明。面积占全国67％、人口占全国40％的发展中地区环境问题最为突出。     

可持续发展战略和环境伦理学产生过程的共同性研究

本文通过对可持续发展战略和环境伦理学产生过程的比较 ,提出可持续发展战略和环境伦理学在理论上的一致性和实践中的共同性以及二者之间的相互影响。并指出深入研究二者之间相互影响对实践的指导意义     

可持续发展问题的技术根源与创新抉择

资源与环境退化产生的根源主要是由于经济活动中技术手段不合理的运用造成的,而可持续发展问题的解决又必须依靠技术创新来实现,所以,我们在实现可持续发展目标的过程中必须要对技术创新的作用进行重新反思,要充分认识技术创新的两面性,并通过寻求新的思路对传统技术创新体系加以调整和转换,使之能够成为推动经济、社会和自然复合系统协调、持续发展的结合点。     

Analysis on the Relationship between Socio-economy and Development of Science and Technology in Jiaxing City

Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the process of China＇s construction of socialist new countryside. Taking socio-economy and the development of science and technology in Jiaxing as a breakthrough point, and based on the related data of Jiaxing during 1998-2004, this paper analyzes thoroughly the interactive relationship between socio-economy and the development of science and technology. This paper strives to summarize the development track and model of the grassroots work of science and technology so as to provide local governments with references and grounds for drawing up policies for the local work of science and technology.     

Sustainable Health Risk Management and the Role of Cross-Disciplinary Professionals in Developing Countries: Mexican Experience

The paper argues health risk management in Developing Countries cannot be sustainable unless it is conceived, planned, implemented and maintained by community-led multi-stakeholder groups using an integrated capacity building process with five components: (1) education and awareness raising; (2) strengthening information resources and decision making; (3) strengthening regulations and compliance; (4) improving basic sanitation infrastructure; and (5) stimulating the market for support products and services for health and environment sectors. Occupational and environmental health professionals with cross-disciplinary understanding are uniquely qualified to build much-needed bridges between stakeholders, risk science and policy. They should adopt a cost-effective mentality, adapting models/methods used in developed countries to developing country contexts, negotiating political obstacles and understanding cultural differences in risk sources, exposures and perceptions. Stakeholders – health professionals, community representatives, officials, NGOs/advocacy groups, industries, and providers of products/services – collaborate to detect needs, mobilize resources, design, develop, implement, consolidate and maintain interventions to priority problems. Field experience in Mexico supports the argument. This sustainability process is adaptable to other keystone development sectors like soil and water resources stewardship, biodiversity conservation, agriculture and energy.     

环境公平、环境效率及其与可持续发展的关系

随着可持续发展战略的提出和实施，20世纪80—90年代产生的环境公平概念自然成为其题中之义，并成为其“中心问题”，即居于可持续发展的中心地位；之后又出现了环境效率概念。本文在介绍国内外有关研究成果的基础上进一步阐述了环境公平、环境效率的概念，并对环境公平居于可持续发展中心地位的原因进行了讨论。     

加速战略转移推进持续发展

中国是一个发展中国家,经济已进入高速增长阶段,因而应从实际出发,选择一条既发展经济,又保护环境的持续发展道路。《中国21世纪议程》阐述了持续发展的战略思想、总体目标和步骤,是我国推行持续发展战略的有力保证,亦是指导今后中国环境保护工作的行动指南。     

可持续发展下环境伦理与原则

可持续发展理论与实践促进了环境伦理学的发展。环境伦理也从人类中心主义的环境伦理与非人类中心主义的环境伦理的分野走向人类中心主义的环境伦理、非人类中心主义环境伦理和可持续发展的环境伦理的鼎足。可持续发展的环境伦理是合理吸收人类中心主义环境伦理和非人类中心主义环境伦理并着眼于可持续发展的环境伦理 ,它要求人们在对待环境的行为中必须善待自然、关注未来和规范行为     

论我国可持续发展的环境经济法律制度

环境问题的经济根源在于其“外部不经济性”;保护环境资源、促进可持续发展的政策与法律体系在于构建环境经济法制制度、“命令和控制”措施以及宣传、教育手段等共同组成的有机整体。由此,本文研究了我国环境经济法律制度的现状及其完善途径。     

嘉兴市社会经济与科技发展互动分析研究

当前。科技进步已经成为推动经济发展的决定性因素。而基层科技工作薄弱的事实无疑制约着我国社会主义新农村建设的进程。本文以嘉兴市社会经济和科技发展为切入点。以1998-2004年嘉兴市社会经济和科技发展相关数据为依据。通过深入分析社会经济与科技发展的互动关系。力求总结我国基层科技工作的发展轨迹及其模式。为地方科技工作政策的制订提供参考与依据。     

中西环境哲学的源流与发展

本文界定环境哲学的基本范围框架，以“天人合一”和“主客恶性二分”分别概括中国和西方的传统环境形上学特征，分析环境哲学的源流及其在当代可持续发展要求下的学科建构。