湄洲岛及湄洲湾潮间带海藻生态调查

通过对海藻的取样调查、测量及生物鉴定，探讨了湄洲岛及湄洲湾潮间带各潮区海藻生物群落的组成、生长状况、分布特点及其与环境的关系。     

Release of bioactive active iodine in kelp

The release process and influencing factors of bioactive iodine of kelp are systemically studied by leaching experiment. The results showed that the bioactive iodine of kelp can be released rapidly and the principal form of iodine in lixivium is I^- . There is a dynamic process between the release and absorption of iodine. With the increase of leaching water, the gross amounts of released iodine rise.There also exists a transforming process among I^- , IO3^- and organic iodine in lixivium.     

利用薯渣生产柠檬酸钙

利用薯类原料提取淀粉之后所产生的薯渣脚料来生产柠檬酸钙(或进一步经酸解、离子交换树脂净化处理生产柠檬酸),具有原料价廉易得,生产技术简便,生产成本低,经济效益显著等优点,适合各地推广应用。     

水母暴发的生物修复对策

近年来,霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)、口冠水母(Stomolophus nomurai)在我国的东海、黄海、渤海以及韩国、日本沿岸均出现过大范围暴发现象,且暴发次数、暴发范围以及持续时间呈上升趋势.本文分析了海域富营养化以及N、P营养盐比例失衡等为水母暴发的主要原因,在此基础上,提出了植树造林、防止水土流失;保护湿地,增殖植物,以吸收N、P等营养盐类;近岸增殖大型海藻等生物修复对策.     

CO_2对砷酸钙稳定性影响的热力学分析

通过沉淀和溶解两方面的实验数据,应用PHREEQC程序模拟了砷酸钙在不同CO2分压条件下溶解度的变化情况,发现环境中的CO2可使砷酸钙盐在酸度较高(pH大于8.3)的条件下发生不一致溶解,使其溶解度升高;CO2分压越大,砷酸钙盐发生不一致溶解的酸度越低;CO2主要影响3∶2和5∶3的砷酸钙盐,而对4∶2砷酸钙盐的影响较小。这对不同类型砷酸钙盐废物的处置是否应考虑CO2的因素提供了依据。     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

3种大型海藻对含铅废水的生物吸附研究

运用批吸附技术研究了海带、裙带菜和条斑紫菜对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附特性。结果表明:pH是影响生物吸附的重要因素,海带和裙带菜吸附Pb2+的适宜pH在3~5之间,紫菜吸附Pb2+的最佳pH为4;在20~40℃范围内,3种海藻对Pb2+的生物吸附非常快,40 min达到吸附平衡,动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir和Freundlich模型成功地拟合了平衡数据。热力学分析表明吸附能够自发进行。红外光谱分析表明,羧基是海带和裙带菜吸附Pb2+的主要官能团。实验结果表明,用这3种海藻吸附剂对水溶液中Pb2+具有较好的吸附性能,海带和裙带菜的吸附容量相近,优于紫菜。     

利用氯仿下脚料生产甲酸钠

本文介绍了从氯仿下脚料中回收甲酸钙再制备甲酸钠的生产工艺。对下脚料中主要成份之一的甲酸钙,可通过浸提、澄清、浓缩、结晶等工艺过程而得到回收,然后再用碳酸钠与它反应,进而制得甲酸钠。