城市污泥对通菜-水稻土中有机污染物的累积效应

在水稻土上施用城市污泥及化肥盆栽通菜,应用GC/MS对通菜植株和土壤中的邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)等7类43有机污染物进行系统分析,探讨通菜植株和土壤中其累积效应.结果表明,通菜植株中检出邻苯二甲酸酯、多环芳烃、氯苯类、硝基苯类、醚类和卤代烃类共6类28种化合物(胺类未检出),土壤中检出上述7类33种化合物,均以PAEs和PAHs为主,其总含量是其他类污染物的几倍或数十倍.不同处理的通菜和土壤中各类有机污染物的含量差别较大,均以个别或少数污染物为主.施用城市污泥增加了植株和土壤中PAEs和PAHs等污染物的含量.强致癌性化合物苯并(a)芘在通菜中被检出,在部分土壤中的含量超过加拿大土壤质量控制标准(1.0mg/kg).除佛山污泥处理的通菜对氯苯类和醚类的生物浓缩系数(BCF)大于1外,其余均小于1.0.     

Role of biologic components in a novel floating-bed combining Ipomoea aquatic,Corbicula fluminea and biofilm carrier media

A novel floating-bed incorporated with water spinach （Ipomoea aquatica）, Asiatic clam （Corbicula fluminea）, and carrier media supported biofilm was developed for eutrophic water purification. The contribu- tions of each biologic component to the removals of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and Chl.a were examined. The nutrient removals due to the direct uptake by either water spinach or Asiatic clam were less than 10%, suggesting a negligible role of biologic assimilation and leaving the biofilm as the indispensable biologic compo- nent in the floating-bed. Chl.a was reduced mainly by Asiatic clams via filter-feeding. Meanwhile, the digestion and excretion of Asiatic clams benefited the proliferation of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, resulting in the improvement of TN removal. In summary, the synergetic effects of water spinach, Asiatic clams and biofilms would promote the eutrophic water treatment performance of floating-bed in comparison with the conventional floating- bed with vegetation as the single biologic component.     

施用鸡粪和猪粪对2种土壤As、Cu和Zn有效性的影响

在水稻土和赤红壤中分别以质量分数2%和4%施人含As、Cu和Zn的鸡粪和猪粪,以不施肥为对照(CK)进行通菜盆栽试验,研究施入鸡、猪粪对土壤As、Cu和Zn有效性的影响.结果表明,施用鸡、猪粪几乎均比CK显著提高通菜地上部生物量,而且水稻土中生物量显著高于赤红壤.施用粪肥显著提高通菜As含量和As吸收量,呈高量处理>低量处理、猪粪>鸡粪处理且在水稻土>赤红壤的规律.除水稻土中Cu含量外,施用粪肥也显著提高通菜Cu、Zn含量及吸收量.通菜收获后,所有处理土壤总A6含量比试验前稍微降低、有效As含量及有效As占总As质量分数则大幅下降,但几乎所有粪肥处理土壤Cu和Zn的总含量、有效含量及有效质量分数均提高.与CK相比,粪肥处理土壤总As、有效As分别提高0.3～3.0 mg·kg-1和0.01～0.034 mg·kg-1,有效As质量分数增加0.033～0.178个百分点;总Cu、有效Cu提高3.1～30.4 mg·kg-1和5.2～19.4 mg·kg-1,有效Cu质量分数增加1.2～34.1个百分点;土壤总Zn、有效Zn提高-10.6～79.6 mg·kg-1和4.0～65.9 mg·kg-1,有效Zn质量分数增加1.0～64.2个百分点.如以土壤重金属有效含量增量及有效质量分数提高来评价其有效性变化,则粪肥提高土壤As、Cu和Zn有效性的作用为高量处理>低量处理且在赤红壤中作用大于水稻土.