Exploring Chemical Variables in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. F. Tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in Relation to Air Pollutants and Environmental Conditions

Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in relation to atmospheric pollutants in Córdoba city, Argentina. The study area receives regional pollutants and was categorized taking into account traffic level, industrial density, type of industry, location of the sample point in relation to the street corner, treeless condition, and topographic level. Dried weight/fresh weight ratio (DW/FW) and specific leaf area (SLA) were calculated, and concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sulfur, soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroperoxy conjugated dienes (HPCD) were determined in leaf samples. Sulfur content correlates positively with traffic density and SLA correlates negatively with some combinations of the categorical variables; MDA correlates positively with topographic level and total protein concentration correlates negatively with treeless condition. On the basis of our results, traffic, location of trees, type of industry, situation of a tree with respect to others, and topographic level are the environmental variables to bear in mind when selecting analogous sampling points in a passive monitoring program. An approximation to predict tree injury may be obtained by measuring DW/FW ratio, proteins, pigments, HPCD, and MDA as they are responsible for the major variability of data.     

Synergistic effects of Cu species and acidity of Cu-ZSM-5 on catalytic performance for selective catalytic oxidation of n-butylamine

In this work, a series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios (25, 50, 100 and 200) were synthesized and investigated in n-butylamine catalytic degradation. The n-butylamine can be completely catalytic degradation at 350°C over all Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts. Moreover, Cu-ZSM-5 (25) exhibited the highest selectivity to N₂, exceeding 90% at 350°C. These samples were investigated in detail by several characterizations to illuminate the dependence of the catalytic performance on redox properties, Cu species, and acidity. The characterization results proved that the redox properties and chemisorption oxygen primarily affect n-butylamine conversion. N₂ selectivity was impacted by the Brønsted acidity and the isolated Cu²⁺ species. Meanwhile, the surface acid sites over Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts could influence the formation of Cu species. Furthermore, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra was adopted to explore the reaction mechanism. The Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts are the most prospective catalysts for nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds removal, and the results in this study could provide new insights into catalysts design for VOC catalytic oxidation.     

不同浓度锌处理下水稻幼苗对镉的累积效应

为探究锌（Zn）对水稻镉（Cd）累积的影响及其根表铁膜所发挥的作用,选取Cd高累积型水稻品种中9优547（简称"Z547"）和Cd低累积型水稻品种金优402（简称"J402"）,采用温室水培试验,研究0、2、5、10、15和20 μmol/L等6个Zn浓度下水稻幼苗对Cd的累积效应,以及不同浓度Zn处理对根表铁膜生成量的影响.结果表明:①随着c（Zn）的增加,Z547和J402水稻幼苗生物量均呈先增后减的趋势,分别在c（Zn）为2和10 μmol/L时达到最大值.②Z547和J402水稻幼苗中w（Cd）均呈先降后增的趋势,分别在c（Zn）为5和2 μmol/L时达到最小值;当水稻幼苗中w（Cd）达到最小值时,Z547根和地上部中w（Cd）分别为31.65和11.47 mg/kg,J402根和地上部中w（Cd）分别为22.58和14.36 mg/kg.③不同浓度Zn处理下水稻幼苗各部位中w（Cd）均与根表铁膜中w（Mn）、w（Fe）、w（Fe+Mn）呈显著正相关,高铁膜处理水稻幼苗中w（Cd）显著高于低铁膜处理,表明根表铁膜生成量的增加会促进Cd在水稻幼苗中的累积.研究显示,当c（Zn）较低时,c（Zn）的增加会抑制水稻幼苗对Cd的累积;当c（Zn）较高时,c（Zn）的增加会促进水稻幼苗对Cd的累积,而Zn可通过控制根表铁膜的生成来影响水稻幼苗对Cd的累积.      

Effects of Na+ on Cu/SAPO-34 for ammonia selective catalytic reduction

Copper-exchanged chabazite (Cu/CHA) catalysts have been found to be affected by alkali metal and alkaline earth ions. However, the effects of Na⁺ ions on Cu/SAPO-34 for ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH₃-SCR) are still unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism, five samples with various Na contents were synthesized and characterized. It was observed that the introduced Na⁺ ion-exchanges with H⁺ and Cu^2 + of Cu/SAPO-34. The exchange of H⁺ is easier than that of isolated Cu^2 +. The exchanged Cu^2 + ions aggregate and form “CuAl₂O₄-like” species. The NH₃-SCR activity of Cu/SAPO-34 decreases with increasing Na content, and the loss of isolated Cu^2 + and acid sites is responsible for the activity loss.     

Mulberry-silkworm food chain--a templet to assess heavy metal mobility in terrestrial ecosystems

Assessment of the food chain mobility of heavy metals inthe natural ecosystem receives more attention nowadays. Inthe present study, mulberry-silkworm food chain has beenfocused as a templet to assess the biomobility of heavymetals in soil-higher plant-insect hierarchy. Both in thecase of Cd and Cu treatments, higher mobility wasobserved in the level-1 (soil–root) followed by level-3(leaf–larva), level-4 (larvae–faecal) and level-2(root–leaf). Consequently, roots accumulated more amountsof Cd and Cu, with a limited transport to the leaves.Among the two metals (Cd and Cu) tested, in the plant,the transfer potential of Cd exceeds that of Cu. Whereasin the case of leaf–larval transfer, Cu precedes overCd. Accumulation of Cd and Cu in all the levels (1–4)tested showed a concentration dependent increase, except inthe level 4 (larva–faecal) of Cd treatment where adeclining trend was noticed.     

黔中地区二级阶地堆积物边坡稳定性对工程建设的影响

结合在建工程清水河大花水电站实例,本文对黔中地区二级阶地堆积物边坡成因、堆积物物质成份、结构与其物理力学特性作了分析、总结,初步探讨了贵州省二级阶地堆积物边坡稳定性对工程建设的影响,望能给正在进行工程建设的同行以一定的参考,并对工程建设区的二级地堆积物边坡稳定性引起重视。     

金属铁还原降解2,4-二硝基甲苯的实验研究

研究了金属铁对2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)的还原降解情况.实验结果表明,2,4-DNT的还原降解与溶液初始pH值、初始浓度和溶解氧等因素有关.氯离子能消除金属铁的钝化现象.金属铁表面附载的铜对2,4-DNT的还原降解具有催化作用.     

长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的环境地球化学特征

研究了长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物中磷的分布、形态等环境地球化学特征。结果表明该地区表层沉积物中磷的含量水平在18．0-31．4μmol/g之间，最大值出现在浦东白龙港污水排放口附近，长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的分布呈现明显的空间和季节性变化规律，这主要与潮滩不同地段磷的来源、沉积物质地的差异，以及水动力、环境介质条件和生物作用的时空变化密切相关。此外，沉积物中磷的形态分级研究表明大部分沉积磷以无机磷形式存在，其中无机磷又以钙结合磷为主；有机磷比例较少。其次，潮滩沉积物表层上覆水中可溶磷的浓度一般都大于沉积物间隙水，沉积物-水界面中磷主要以累积作用过程为主。     

植物多酚物质原位钝化污染土壤重金属的研究Ⅱ.对土壤Cu环境行为和生物活性的影响动态

通过室内好气培养和生物盆栽试验研究了缩合类植物多酚L和Y以及 8 羟基喹啉在污染红壤和潮土中的降解动态及其对土壤Cu环境行为的影响 .结果表明植物多酚在两周内降解相对较快 ,而 8 羟基喹啉则难以降解 .与空白相比 ,Cu污染土壤中施用植物多酚后土壤水溶性Cu显著下降 ,钝化Cu的效果次序为 :8 羟基喹啉 >多酚Y >多酚L .随着植物多酚的降解 ,土壤Cu被释出 ,其水溶性Cu浓度与残留在土壤中多酚浓度 (以DOC浓度表示 )呈负相关关系 ,尤其在潮土上更为明显 ,而pH与水溶性Cu没有相关性 .试验还发现 ,钝化剂施用后 ,小麦体内的Cu含量降低 ,因此 ,植物多酚是钝化重金属污染土壤的良好选择     

长江中下游海相三叠系膏盐层与铜(金)、铁矿床

长江中下游海相三叠系膏盖层中含有很大比例的大、中型铜（金）、铁、多金属矿床。膏盐层不仅是铜（金）、铁矿床的主要赋矿层位之一，而且是部分成矿金属的矿源层；膏盐层还为燕山期岩浆提供部分钠质、钾质及挥发组分，影响岩浆演化的方向，改变了含矿流体的性质；另外，从岩体和矿床中金属硫化物中流同位素重硫成分的增高，说明在成者、成矿过程中，膏盐层是硫的供应者之一。因此膏盐层与铜（金）、铁、多金属矿床之间存在着特殊的成因联系。