利用FeS去除水中硝基苯的试验研究

为研究FeS还原去除硝基苯的性能,采用批次试验的方法,考察了各因素对FeS去除硝基苯性能的影响.结果表明,在初始硝基苯浓度为0.96 mmol·L-1条件下,当FeS用量为1.2 g时,反应180 min后,硝基苯去除率达到90%.初始硝基苯浓度、FeS用量、温度、FeS重复使用次数对硝基苯去除率有较大影响.初始硝基苯浓度在0.74～1.74 mmol·L-1之间变化时,初始硝基苯浓度每增加0.1 mmol·L-1,硝基苯去除率下降4.7%.FeS用量在0.3～1.5 g内变化时,FeS用量每增加0.3 g,硝基苯去除率增加近20%;FeS用量为1.8 g时,硝基苯去除率为100%.温度在10～25℃范围内变化时,温度每升高1℃,硝基苯去除率增加1.6%;温度为30℃时,硝基苯去除率为100%.硝基苯去除率随FeS重复使用次数的增加而下降.转速在10～80 r.min-1内变化时,转速变化对硝基苯去除率的影响较小,硝基苯去除率稳定在75%左右.FeS对模拟化工废水有较好的处理效果,反应60 min后,硝基苯去除率为100%.     

Influence of Na2S on the degradation kinetics of CCl4 in the presence of very pure iron

This paper presents the results of kinetic studies to investigate the effect of FeS film formation on the degradation rate of CCl(4) by 99.99% pure metallic iron. The film was formed by submersing metallic iron grains in an oxygen free HCO(3)(-)/CO(3)(2-) electrolyte solution. When the grains had reached a quasi steady-state value of the corrosion potential, Na(2)S((aq)) was injected. Upon injection, a microm thick poorly crystalline FeS film formed immediately on the iron surface. Over time, the iron became strongly corroded and both the FeS film and the metallic iron grains began to crack leading to exposure of bare metallic iron to the solution. The effect of the surface film on the degradation rate of CCl(4) was investigated following four periods of aging, 1, 10, 30, and 60 days. Relative to the controls, the 1-day sulfide-aged iron showed a substantial decrease in rate of degradation of CCl(4.) However, over time, the rate of degradation increased and surpassed the degradation rate obtained in the controls. It has been proposed that CCl(4) is reduced to HCCl(3) by metallic iron by electron transfer. The FeS film is substantially less conducting than the bulk iron metal or non-stoichiometric magnetite and from the results of this study, greatly decreases the rate of CCl(4) degradation relative to iron that has not been exposed to Na(2)S. However, continued aging of the FeS film results in breakdown and stress-induced cracking of the film, followed by dissolution and cracking of the iron itself. The cracking of the bulk iron is believed to be a consequence of hydrogen embrittlement, which is promoted by sulfide. The increase in CCl(4) degradation rate, as the FeS films age, suggests that the process of hydrogen cracking increases the surface area available for charge transfer.     

FeS对CW-MFC系统降解活性艳红X-3B效果及过程的影响

在自行构建的人工湿地-微生物燃料电池(CW-MFC)系统中,以砾石填料为对照,研究了FeS对活性艳红X-3B脱色效果及降解过程的影响.结果表明,加在底层区域的FeS能够显著提高CW-MFC对活性艳红X-3B的脱色效果和系统产电性能.FeS的投加使得系统脱色率在进水活性艳红X-3B浓度200mg/L、葡萄糖浓度100mg/L条件下达到99.83%.在进水活性艳红X-3B浓度100mg/L、葡萄糖浓度200mg/L条件下,FeS组最大功率密度达到0.849W/m³.活性艳红X-3B在系统中的脱色主要发生在底层和阳极区域,由紫外-可见全波长扫描图谱和GC-MS扫描图谱可知FeS在该区域促进了偶氮双键的断裂,并有利于脱色产物苯胺、三嗪结构、萘环结构的进一步降解.     

FeS引发油罐自燃的活化能指标研究

采用Q600型同步热分析仪对178μm的FeS样品在2、5、8、10和15℃/min 5种不同升温速率下进行了热分析实验。通过对热重数据的计算,分析了FeS在不同动力学机制模型函数中的相关系数。结果表明,FeS的自燃氧化过程符合边界控制反应的收缩圆柱体模型;确定了不同升温速率下FeS样品的活化能和指前因子。研究表明,升温速率对FeS活化能的影响比较明显,随着升温速率的提高,FeS的活化能减小,则含硫油品的自燃倾向性增大。     

Assessment of biogeochemical natural attenuation and treatment of chlorinated solvents, Altus Air Force Base, Altus, Oklahoma

Biogeochemical reductive dechlorination (BiRD) is a newly recognized method for the remediation or natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents. Chlorinated solvents are rapidly treated by abiotic reaction with reduced mineral iron sulfides. Iron sulfides are formed by naturally occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria when sufficient SO(4)(2-) and organic carbon are present or supplied to sediments containing mineral iron. An example of site characterization focusing on BiRD is presented focusing on mineral phases. Methods demonstrated here may be employed at other sites to evaluate naturally occurring BiRD or to evaluate an engineered BiRD remediation. A field investigation was performed at a TCE contaminated site at Altus AFB with naturally high concentrations of SO(4)(2-) and Fe(III) minerals and where an accidental fuel spill provided organic carbon. In the area of this fuel spill significant mineral iron sulfides were found, sulfate was almost completely removed, and TCE was absent. Only small amounts of daughter products were found, further indicating that the BiRD pathway was operative. Mass balance data indicates all of the remaining TCE (182 kg) could be treated by the remaining FeS (66.5 kg) in the upper aquifer; however, the FeS was not co-located with TCE to enable complete reaction. Laboratory microcosm tests with FeS amended and FeS-rich sediment from Altus AFB also suggest that BiRD is capable of destroying TCE. The results suggest that an engineered BiRD treatment is possible for this site.     

环境有机质对FeS-水体系中林丹脱氯转化的影响

采用批处理方法,评价几种典型的环境有机质对缺氧或无氧FeS-水体系中,林丹非生物脱氯转化动力学的影响.测定了不同反应介质条件下,林丹的非生物脱氯转化速率和产物的分布.结果表明,反应体系中高浓度的表面活性剂对林丹的转化有明显的抑制作用,转化速率为对照体系的18%;萘醌对林丹转化的速率及其产物分布均没有明显的影响;加入25 mg/L胡敏酸可使林丹的转化速率提高1.29倍;加入2 mmol/L 2,2'-联吡啶明使林丹的转化速率提高2.2倍.研究表明,水生态环境中与FeS共存的有机物可能对有机氯污染物的自然衰减产生较大影响.     

In situ synthesis of FeS/Carbon fibers for the effective removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution

• FeS/carbon fibers were in situ synthesized with Fe-carrageenan hydrogel fiber. • The double helix structure of carrageenan is used to load and disperse Fe. • Pyrolyzing sulfate groups enriched carrageenan-Fe could easily generate FeS. • The adsorption mechanisms include reduction and complexation reaction. Iron sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles (termed FSNs) have attracted much attention for the removal of pollutants due to their high efficiency and low cost, and because they are environmentally friendly. However, issues of agglomeration, transformation, and the loss of active components limit their application. Therefore, this study investigates in situ synthesized FeS/carbon fibers with an Fe-carrageenan biomass as a precursor and nontoxic sulfur source to ascertain the removal efficiency of the fibers. The enrichment of sulfate groups as well as the double-helix structure in ι-carrageenan-Fe could effectively avoid the aggregation and loss of FSNs in practical applications. The obtained FeS/carbon fibers were used to control a Cr(VI) polluted solution, and exhibited a relatively high removal capacity (81.62 mg/g). The main mechanisms included the reduction of FeS, electrostatic adsorption of carbon fibers, and Cr(III)-Fe(III) complexation reaction. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model both provided a good fit of the reaction process; hence, the removal process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption, specifically monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface. Furthermore, co-existing anions, column, and regeneration experiments indicated that the FeS/carbon fibers are a promising remediation material for practical application.     

基于反硝化脱氮的硫铁复合填料除磷机制

为提高硫铁复合填料反硝化脱氮同步除磷效果,对比研究了不同填料和耦合微生物后的除磷效果,分析了微生物耦合硫铁复合填料反硝化脱氮同步实现除磷的机制.结果表明与单纯海绵铁填料比较,硫磺与海绵铁复合填料除磷效率提高30%,达到95%以上,出水磷含量可降至0.1 mg·L~(-1)以下.X射线衍射(XRD)和总铁浓度分析表明,硫铁复合填料除磷系统反应产物主要为FeOOH、FeS和Fe_4(PO_4)_3(OH)_3固体物质和溶解性铁离子,产生于海绵铁的腐蚀和除磷过程;腐蚀产生的Fe~(2+)及Fe~(3+)的水解产物FeOOH和Fe S通过吸附沉淀作用将PO_4~(3-)转化为Fe_4(PO_4)_3(OH)_3去除.微生物耦合硫铁炭复合填料反应器运行稳定后,TN、TP去除率分别在90%左右和83%以上;硫自养反硝化产生的H~+和生物铁作用也可以促进海绵铁腐蚀和除磷过程,体系将"异养协同自养"复合反硝化与化学除磷有机结合,实现了城市污水处理厂尾水高效反硝化脱氮同步除磷的目的.     

硫精矿中单质硫提取的实验和工艺过程

针对某些单质硫含量较高的硫精矿中硫磺的提取进行实验和工艺过程研究,得到了硫单质完全分离的时间-温度曲线,确定最适分离温度为300℃—350℃,并比较了不同气氛下（N2气氛和还原性气氛）硫精矿样品热处理前后组分的变化,发现在500℃还原性气氛下可以得到纯度较高的FeS产物.根据实验结果,提出了一种适用于某些单质硫含量较高...     

填料型减压塔检修时硫化亚铁自燃及预防

介绍了填料型减压塔的腐蚀及停工检修程序,针对填料型减压塔检修时硫化亚铁自燃事故,提出了预防硫化亚铁自燃的措施。