巴丹吉林沙漠与库布齐沙漠植被现状调查

本文通过对巴丹吉林和库布齐两大沙漠的共计12个点位的植被调查显示,两大沙漠植被均以灌木建群,都伴生大量一年生沙生先锋植物;库布齐沙漠植物群落中,多年生草本物种数增加,是群落趋于稳定的表现;库布齐沙漠人工治理力度较大,使得群落生境趋优速度加快。巴丹吉林沙漠植物群落基本处于自然状态。     

库布齐沙漠典型地区景观变化研究

Spatial pattern analysis is the core component in landscape ecology research. We analyzed the landscape pattern and dynamic process of the Kubuqi Desert by using a typical region as a study area. This study area includes four towns: ShuLinZhao, WangAiZhao, BaiNiJing and JiGeSiTai. The area of cropland, fixed sand dune, woodland, residential area and wetland increased and centralized gradually, while the area of semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and washland decreased and dispersed gradually from 1987 to 2003. On the landscape level, the patch shape tended to be regular, and the landscape pattern tended to be simple, causing the fragmentation degree, heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape to decrease. Fixed sand dune, Semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and river flood plains were the five main export classes, and residential area, cropland and wetland were the three main import classes. The classes that had a relatively large total area and large average patch area had a smaller extent of gravity center migration, whereas the classes with small total area and small average patch area had a larger extent of gravity center migration; this is because the small patches are easily influenced by human activities or natural factors. In addition, the desertification area and desertification degree reduced gradually in the study area during the period from 1987 to 2003.     

废水土地处理技术在沙地生态工程建设中的应用

研究在库布其沙地植被快速恢复中利用慢速渗滤土地处理技术实现电厂废水无害化、资源化的可行性.土地处理系统植物为乔木、灌木与牧草,分别选取新疆杨(Populusalba Var Pyramidalis bunge)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)与黄花草木樨(Melilotus suaveolens).设计了高(H ,3000mm布水)、中(M ,1500mm)和低(L ,移栽时少量布水) 3个水力负荷实验区.运行结果说明,电厂废水的预处理采用沉淀池和贮水塘的组合,净化功能好,出水可作为植物的灌溉用水.试验结果表明,M区和H区新疆杨树冠体积为L区(对照)的1.07倍和2.21倍;草木樨的年产量为L区的2.33倍和30倍;沙棘株高为L区的108倍和132倍.在设计的3个水力负荷中,植物的生长状况与水力负荷呈明显正相关关系.高水力负荷不会对作物的品质造成影响,H区草木樨中的重金属含量(Cd 0.021mg/kg、Pb <0.001mg/kg、Cr<0.01mg/kg、As 0.043mg/kg)远远低于粮食、蔬菜的食品标准,因此牧草饲用是安全的.废水在本地区是一种宝贵的资源,合理开发利用,对于生态建设和高效农牧业的发展可产生重要的经济效益和生态效益.