Ambient Aerosol and its Carbon Content in Gainesville, a Mid-Scale City in Florida

Ambient aerosols were collected during 2000–2001 in Gainesville, Florida, using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to study mass size distribution and carbon composition. A bimodal mass distribution was found in every sample with major peaks for aerosols ranging from 0.32 to 0.56 μm, and 3.2 to 5.6 μm in diameter. The two distributions represent the fine mode (<2.5 μm) and the coarse mode (>2.5 μm) of particle size. Averaged over all sites and seasons, coarse particles consisted of 15% carbon while fine particles consisted of 22% carbon. Considerable variation was noted between winter and summer seasons. Smoke from fireplaces in winter appeared to be an important factor for the carbon, especially the elemental carbon contribution. In summer, organic carbon was more abundant. The maximum secondary organic carbon was also found in this season (7.0 μg m⁻³), and the concentration is between those observed in urban areas (15–20 μg m⁻³) and in rural areas (4–5 μg m⁻³). However, unlike in large cities where photochemical activity of anthropogenic emissions are determinants of carbon composition, biogenic sources were likely the key factor in Gainesville. Other critical factors that affect the distribution, shape and concentration were precipitation, brushfire and wind.     

广州秋季不同功能区大气颗粒物中PAHs粒径分布

利用MOUDI^TM级联分段式采样器采集了秋季广州市区(荔湾采样点和五山采样点)及郊区(新垦采样点)3个采样点的气溶胶样品并使用GC-MS分析了样品中13种多环芳烃的含量.发现3～4环的多环芳烃呈双峰分布,5～7环的多环芳烃呈单峰分布.广州市区和郊区的多环芳烃具有不同粒径分布模式;相对于城区,郊区的多环芳烃存在于更大的颗粒物中,这可能是气溶胶的陈化过程不同导致的.城区的多环芳烃可能主要受吸附作用控制,而郊区的多环芳烃则可能受多种机制控制,如吸附作用、吸收作用和多层吸附.诊断参数值在粒径1～2.5μm和0.1～0.56μm存在较大差异;从浓度上看新垦13种多环芳烃的总浓度为39ng/m³,五山为71～94ng/m³,荔湾为32～154 ng/m³;从组成上看广州市大气颗粒物种多环芳烃以5～7环为主.     

北京市大气环境中硫酸盐、硝酸盐粒径分布及存在形式

为了解北京市大气颗粒物中,二次硫酸盐、硝酸盐的存在形式及其含量,于2008年5月～2009年4月,利用MOUDI对北京市大气颗粒物分10级进行采样,利用离子色谱技术对各粒径范围大气颗粒物中的无机水溶性组分进行分析,并利用偏相关分析的方法确定其存在形式和估算其含量.结果表明,北京市大气颗粒物中水溶性硫酸盐和硝酸盐表现为单...     

广州灰霾期大气颗粒物中多环芳烃粒径的分布

对2003年广州严重灰霾期前后9d的大气样品进行了分析.结果表明,大气中颗粒物在积聚态颗粒物(0.32～1.80μm)和粗颗粒物(3.2～10.0μm)处有2个明显的峰;灰霾期积聚态颗粒物比粗颗粒物在TSP中占的比例高,而在灰霾结束后所占比例与粗颗粒物相当或略少;低环数多环芳烃在积聚态颗粒物段和粗颗粒物段各有一个峰,但主要分布在积聚态颗粒物中;高环数多环芳烃几乎完全分布在积聚态颗粒物中;从灰霾期至灰霾期后,低环数多环芳烃在积聚态颗粒物段的主峰粒径有逐渐减少的趋势,而对于高环数多环芳烃这一变化不大;比值TPAHs/TSP在灰霾期前后有较大的变化;由于比值BaP/BeP与TPAHs/TSP具有相同的变化趋势,降解作用可能是造成比值TPAHs/TSP变化的主要原因.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk PM2.5 and size-segregated aerosol particle samples measured in an urban environment

To analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at an urban site in Seoul, South Korea, 24-hr ambient air PM_2.5 samples were collected during five intensive sampling periods between November 1998 and December 1999. To determine the PAH size distribution, 3-day size-segregated aerosol samples were also collected in December 1999. Concentrations of the 16 PAHs in the PM_2.5 particles ranged from 3.9 to 119.9 ng m⁻³ with a mean of 24.3 ng m⁻³.An exceptionally high concentration of PAHs(∼120 ng m⁻³) observed during a haze event in December 1999 was likely influenced more by diesel vehicle exhaust than by gasoline exhaust, as well as air stagnation, as evidenced by the low carbon monoxide/elemental carbon (CO/EC) ratio of 205 found in this study and results reported by previous studies. The total PAHs associated with the size-segregated particles showed unimodal distributions. Compared to the unimodal size distributions of PAHs with modal peaks at < 0.12 μm measured in highway tunnels in Los Angeles (Venkataraman and Friedlander, 1994), four- to six-ring PAHs in our study had unimodal size distributions, peaking at the larger size range of 0.28–0.53 μm, suggesting the coagulation of freshly emitted ultrafine particles during transport to the sampling site. Further, the fraction of PAHs associated with coarse particles(> 1.8 μm) increased as the molecular weight of the PAHs decreased due to volatilization of fine particles followed by condensation onto coarse particles.