城市污水处理厂危险有害因素分析与防范对策

本文从城市污水处理厂中作业人员身体健康和生命安全的角度出发,分析了城市污水处理厂的危险有害因素,总结了城市污水处理厂可能出现的安全问题：中毒窒息、火灾爆炸、淹溺、机械伤害、电气伤害、噪声和震动、生物伤害、化学伤害和非电离辐射。并针对这些安全问题,从法规标准、教育培训、技术措施、管理制度的角度出发,提出了防范对策：严格执行和继续丰富现有法规标准、加强职工的安全教育、合理安装安全装置和防护措施、制定和完善安全制度。中毒窒息、火灾爆炸、淹溺事故是污水厂的常见事故,应对其加强防范。     

核-壳表面磁性印迹聚合物的制备及其对水中双酚A的特异性去除

采用表面印迹技术制备了核-壳结构的磁性分子印迹聚合物(Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs),在外磁场作用下该吸附剂很容易实现固-液分离.采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对产物的结构进行了表征.通过平衡吸附实验与斯卡查德(Scatchard)分析证实了Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs对双酚A的吸附选择性.Freundlich模型拟合吸附等温线的相关系数R2=0.995 2;准二级动力学模型很好地拟合了吸附动力学,相关系数R2达到了0.999 9.在弱酸性条件下,制备的印迹材料表现出高吸附效率和快速的吸附动力学,达到90%的去除率仅需40 min;各种离子的存在不影响双酚A的吸附率;与非印迹聚合物(Fe3O4@SiO2-NIPs)比较,Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs对湖水中加标的双酚A表现出显著的亲和性;7次的重复使用而性能没有明显下降证明了Fe3O4@SiO2-MIPs的可重复使用性.     

Measuring marginal willingness to pay using conjoint analysis and developing benefit transfer functions in various Asian cities

We need a consistent methodology to measure the co-benefits of climate change mitigation across Asian countries. This study chose a strategy of modifying the Japan-specific life-cycle impact assessment method based on endpoint modeling (LIME) for wider application across countries. LIME has two dimensions. First, it is an environmental science that links the cause-and-effect chain. Second, it is an environmental valuation that weighs four endpoint damages in monetary terms through a conjoint analysis that is derived from an Internet-based questionnaire survey. This article describes the modification of the methodology for application of the conjoint analysis to weigh environmental impacts. We approached the investigation as follows. First, we conducted Internet surveys to measure marginal willingness-to-pay (MWTP). We used a sample of 112 respondents in their 20 s to 40 s, divided equally between men and women, in 11 cities across China, India, and Southeast Asia. The results obtained showed clear statistical significance and were comparable across the cities. Second, we attempted to develop functions (called benefit transfer functions) to simplify the measured MWTP in order to apply it across different Asian countries. The functions were derived through a stepwise meta-analytic method, a type of multiple regression analysis whose independent variable was MWTP and dependent variables were attributes of both respondents and surveyed cities. The functions showed that coal consumption and percentage of nature reserve were dependent variables. Then, the MWTPs estimated from the functions were compared with the measured MWTP for transfer error, which is calculated by the absolute value of the difference between the estimated value and the measured value divided by the latter. The transfer error was below 50% in about 90% of the 44 results (a combination of four endpoints and 11 cities), implying that the developed functions were statistically significant.     

城市污水处理厂安全运行问题探讨

从城市污水处理厂达标出水的生命周期评价的角度,提出城市污水处理厂安全运行的内涵,即以保障出水达标为核心,同时防止污水处理过程中发生安全事故和对污水处理厂周围环境的污染;分析影响城市污水处理厂安全运行的因素;从保障出水达标、防止污水处理过程中发生人员伤亡、防止污水处理厂对周围环境产生污染和建立健全完善的管理制度等方面,探讨如何保证污水处理厂安全运行。笔者所探讨的问题,旨在为提高我国城市污水处理厂安全运行提供理论依据,对预防及减少污水处理的安全事故发挥积极作用。