化学诱变结合结构类似物法选育高苯丙氨酸解氨酶菌种

ＥＭＳ诱变结合结构类似物法提高含ＰＡＬ出发菌株红酵母Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．ＣＩＢＡＳＡ１４０１１００ 生物转化能力阳性率为３５．５ ％ ,部分突变株ＰＡＬ转化能力提高１ 倍以上,其中Ｅ１０５,Ｅ２４０ 具有快速转化能力,反应３ ｈＬＰｈｅ累积浓度达到１ ｇＬ左右．φ１０％ 甘油和３０ ｇＬＧｌｕ 对ＰＡＬ转化具有明显的稳定作用．用含φ１０％ 甘油和３０ ｇＬＧｌｕ 的反应液进行生物转化制备,Ｅ１０５ 和Ｅ２４０ 在２４ ｈ 期间ＬＰｈｅ 质量浓度大于２０ ｇＬ,转化率达８０ ％ ．     

江苏省部分地区农田表土多环芳烃含量比较及来源分析

采集江苏省兴化市、吴江市、宜兴市、南京市六合区的农田表层(0-15 cm)土壤样品共30个,用高效液相色谱测定土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明,土壤中∑PAHs含量介于45.6～2 286.8 μg·kg-1之间.兴化市、吴江市土壤中PAHs平均含量分别为1 370.3、801.1 μg·kg-1,污染严重;宜兴市、南京市六合区土壤中PAHs平均含量分别为210.8、126.7 μg·kg-1,为轻微污染或无污染.根据不同环数PAHs相对丰度和菲(Phe)/蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Fla)/芘(Pyr)比值以及对4地的实际调查,发现调查区土壤样品中PAHs来源复杂,主要有机动车尾气排放,煤、草和木材的燃烧以及石油泄漏等.     

水溶性有机物对土壤吸附-解吸菲的影响

以Tween-80为对照,有机物料猪粪(pig manure, PM)、绿肥(green manure, GM)和污泥(sewage sludge, SS)为水溶性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)的提取原料,菲(Phe)为多环芳烃(PAHs)的代表,采用序批试验研究了不同来源DOM对土壤吸附与解吸Phe的影响.结果表明,供试DOM均能明显降低Phe在土壤上的吸附.在DOM试验浓度范围内（0～300 mg·L^-1）,土壤对Phe的吸附量与DOM浓度之间呈极显著负直线相关关系(r_PM>=-0.988?8,r_SS>=-0.982?6,r_Tween-80>=-0.974?3,r_GM>=-0.990?5).菲的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程定量描述.供试3种DOM抑制土壤吸附Phe和促进土壤吸附Phe的解吸的强弱顺序为:猪粪DOM>污泥DOM>绿肥DOM.本研究结果表明,农业土壤中水溶性有机物能明显活化土壤中的PAHs,增强其在土壤中的移动性.     

Evaluation of genotoxicity of combined soil pollution by cadmium and phenanthrene on earthworm

The DNA-damaging effects of the combined pollution of heavy metal and organic contamination on earthworms were evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis （SCGE） assay. Earthworms Eisenia andrei were exposed to single or combined test compounds in different doses of cadmium （Cd） 5, 10, 50 mg/kg and phenanthrene （Phe） 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/kg with a treatment of 14 d. In SCGE assay, isolated coelomcytes and electrophoresis were employed to determine DNA damage degree after a 14-d treatment by test compounds. The results showed that there was a significant statistical difference between earthworms treated with Cd combined Phe with them treated alone with Cd or Phe. The Olive tail moment （OTM） of SCGE assay using earthworm coelomcytes appears to be a sensitive biomarker for evaluating exposure to genotoxic compounds. These tests also revealed that the interaction between Cd and Phe to DNA damaging effects was negative, and was strongly dependent on the concentration of pollution. This study corresponds to exploratory phase in order to reveal interaction effects of heavy metal and organic contamination on earthworms and then to set up more in-depth analysis to increase progressively the understanding of the genotoxicity mechanisms involved.     

菲和芘单一及复合污染对蚯蚓抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

采用自然土壤法,以蚯蚓体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量为指标,探讨了不同剂量、不同暴露时间菲(Pbe)和芘(Pyr)单一及复合污染胁迫对蚯蚓的毒性效应.结果表明.菲和芘单一作用时.SOD活性均表现为低剂量激活,高剂量抑制;而MDA含量在暴露2 d内明显增加,第14 d时与对照...