Modeling of adsorption kinetics and equilibria of acid dyes onto activated carbon in single- and binary-component systems

Adsorptive removal of Acid Blue 127 and Acid Yellow 17 from their single and binary solutions has been studied using powdered activated carbon (PAC). The dyes used extensively for dying of nylon fiber in textile industry are known as Nylomine Blue P-B (NB) and Nylomine Yellow P-4G (NY), respectively. Time-dependent results obtained from single-component system have been better predicted by two resistance diffusion model rather than homogeneous surface diffusion. The magnitudes of film- and intraparticle diffusion coefficients calculated from McKay equation are ～10^?9 and ～10^?15 m² s^?1, whereas surface diffusion coefficients have been estimated as ～10^?13 m² s^?1 using Vermeulen approximation. Experimental equilibrium isotherms have been evaluated by changing initial dye concentrations in the range of 0.02–1.00 of mmol L^?1. Freundlich isotherm parameters for individual solutions of the dyes have been used to predict their equilibrium behaviors in binary solutions by applying extended Freundlich model. Langmuir isotherm model and its extended form have also been fitted to the data for single- and binary-dye solutions, respectively. Thermodynamic functions derived from the temperature dependence of adsorption equilibrium constants in 298–318 K range show that adsorption processes are endothermic but spontaneous.     

Influence of releases of I-129 from reprocessing plants on the marine environment of the North Adriatic Sea

Compared to the pre-nuclear era, large amounts of ¹²⁹I have been released to the marine environment, especially as liquid and gaseous discharges from two European reprocessing plants located at Sellafield and La Hague. Their liquid discharges influence Northern Europe and most research was conducted in the area of the North Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. In this article data on ¹²⁹I content and ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I ratios observed in the North Adriatic Sea, which is a rather enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea, are presented. To the best of our knowledge no data on ¹²⁹I in the Mediterranean Sea have previously been reported. As this area is isolated from direct liquid discharges, the main transport pathway is probably gaseous releases from reprocessing plants. Surface sea water, the marine alga Fucus virsoides, an iodine accumulator, and the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in 2009 and 2010, and marine sediment collected in 2005 and 2009 were analysed. The ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I isotopic ratios observed were in the range from 0.8 to 3.0 × 10⁻⁰⁸ for seawater, from 0.06 to 0.35 × 10⁻⁰⁸ for marine sediment, from 0.05 to 0.10 × 10⁻⁰⁸ for F. virsoides and from 0.3 to 0.9 × 10⁻⁰⁸ for M. galloprovincialis.     

离子色谱法测定烟气中的尘态氟

建立了一种简便、快速测定废气中尘态氟的离子色谱分析方法。用滤筒采集样品,以碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,用离子色谱进行样品分离,面积外标法定量。分析结果表明,该方法操作简便、离子色谱条件的线性理想,测定结果的回收率、精密度和准确度较高。适用于污染源废气尘态氟的测定。     

石灰和混凝沉淀相结合处理含SO42-和F-矿井水

采用石灰和混凝沉淀相结合的方法去除含SO42-和F-矿井水,并对去除机理及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：石灰沉淀的最佳处理条件为石灰乳浓度5%,投加比20：1,沉淀平衡时间为6h;混凝沉淀的最佳条件为PAC溶液浓度25%,用量2 mL/100 mL,沉淀平衡时间为20 min,pH值6～8,温度20℃。处理后,SO42-脱除率大于91.0%,SO42-含量小于30 mg/L;F-脱除率大于78.5%,F-含量小于0.3 mg/L。     

添加剂F127对CPVC超滤膜性能的影响研究

文章探讨了添加剂F127的质量百分含量(5%、7%、10%和13%)对CPVC超滤膜微观结构及其性能(包括水通量、截留率、机械性能、亲水性和耐污染性能)的影响.结果表明:随着F127含量的增加,铸膜液剪切粘度增加,截留率上升,亲水性和耐污染性能大幅度提高,纯水通量和机械性能有所下降.综合比较添加剂F127含量为10%时,CPVC超滤膜性能较好.     

苯及其衍生物在Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束水溶液中的增溶

用紫外光谱方法考察 35℃时苯、甲苯、二甲苯和氯苯在Pluronic嵌段共聚物F12 7和P12 3胶束中的增溶 .实验发现 ,当Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束内核成分固定时 ,增溶量随内核体积 (对苯与氯苯系统 ,还包括栅栏层 )增大而线性增加 ,苯、甲苯、二甲苯和氯苯在每个胶束的最大增溶分子数分别为 4.4× 10 3、2 .3× 10 3、1.4× 10 3 和 7.1× 10 3 个 (F12 7)以及 11× 10 3、6 .8×10 3、4.2× 10 3 和 18× 10 3 个 (P12 3) ,这表明F12 7和P12 3是优良的芳香烃化合物增溶载体 .当苯环上增加甲基时 ,头一个甲基(甲苯 )对增溶量的影响比第二个甲基 (二甲苯 )的影响剧烈     

稠环芳烃在Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束水溶液中的增溶

三种Pluronic嵌段共聚物（F108,P94和L64）胶束水溶液对萘、蒽、芘的增溶研究表明,它们在胶束和水相间的分配系数Kv值大小的顺序为：P94＞F108＞L64,这是由于具有较长PPO嵌段的Pluronic共聚物分子形成了较大内核的胶束,这种胶束有利于稠环芳烃的增溶。当指定Pluronic胶束体系时,Kv值随着稠环芳烃分子憎水性的增强（即分子苯环数目增加）而增大。这些规律同样反映在吸附等温线中。     

2,5-二氟硝基苯的厌氧降解特性

考察了2,5-二氟硝基苯(2,5-DFNB)的厌氧降解特性及F~-对其厌氧降解过程的影响。实验结果表明:当初始2,5-DFNB质量浓度为5~100 mg/L时,随着降解时间的延长,2,5-DFNB对厌氧消化产甲烷的抑制效应逐渐减弱直至消失;在厌氧降解过程中,2,5-DFNB的降解基本无延滞期,但仅发生了硝基转化,并未实现还原脱氟;2,5-DFNB的厌氧降解动力学符合Andrews模型,最大比降解速率、底物饱和常数、底物抑制常数分别为5.9 mg/(g·h),67.7 mg/L,1 299.6 mg/L;质量浓度为10~80 mg/L的F~-对2,5-DFNB厌氧降解过程影响甚小,而质量浓度大于100 mg/L时则产生了较严重的抑制作用。     

Partition of iodine (¹²⁹I and ¹²⁷I) isotopes in soils and marine sediments

Natural organic matter, such as humic and fulvic acids and humin, plays a key role in determining the fate and mobility of radioiodine in soil and sediments. The radioisotope ¹²⁹I is continuously produced and released from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, and as a biophilic element, its environmental mobility is strongly linked to organic matter.Due to its long half-life (15.7 million years), ¹²⁹I builds up in the environment and can be traced since the beginning of the nuclear era in reservoirs such as soils and marine sediments. Nevertheless, partition of the isotope between the different types of organic matter in soil and sediment is rarely explored. Here we present a sequential extraction of ¹²⁹I and ¹²⁷I chemical forms encountered in a Danish soil, a soil reference material (IAEA-375), an anoxic marine sediment from Southern Norway and an oxic sediment from the Barents Sea. The different forms of iodine are related to water soluble, exchangeable, carbonates, oxides as well as iodine bound to humic acid, fulvic acid and to humin and minerals. This is the first study to identify ¹²⁹I in humic and fulvic acid and humin. The results show that 30-56% of the total ¹²⁷I and 42-60% of the total ¹²⁹I are associated with organic matter in soil and sediment samples. At a soil/sediment pH below 5.0-5.5, ¹²⁷I and ¹²⁹I in the organic fraction associate primarily with the humic acid while at soil/sediment pH > 6 ¹²⁹I was mostly found to be bound to fulvic acid. Anoxic conditions seem to increase the mobility and availability of iodine compared to oxic, while subaerial conditions (soils) reduces the availability of water soluble fraction compared to subaqueous (marine) conditions.     

2,6-二叔丁基酚降解菌的降解特性研究

从腈纶废水处理构筑物的生物膜中分离、筛选得到1株能降解2,6-二叔丁基酚的菌株,经驯化,其对2,6-二叔丁基酚的降解率提高了26%,具有了较高降解能力.经形态和生理生化鉴定,该菌株属于产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.).通过摇瓶试验考察了生长条件对菌株的生长和底物降解的影响,得出该菌株的最适生长条件为温度37℃,初始pH为7.0,接种量为0.1%.在该条件下,对初始底物浓度为100mg/L的降解过程进行了考察,结果表明其11d的降解率达62.4%,而且降解过程符合Eckenfelder动力学模型,半衰期为9.38d.还对不同初始底物浓度对菌株降解性能的影响进行了研究,结果表明最佳初始底物浓度为200mg/L,当小于该值时,初始底物浓度的增加促进该菌株的生长和底物的降解,而当大于这个值时,则起抑制作用.