Investigating missing sources of glyoxal over China using a regional air quality model (RAMS-CMAQ)

Currently, modeling studies tend to significantly underestimate observed space-based glyoxal(CHOCHO) vertical column densities(VCDs), implying the existence of missing sources of glyoxal. Several recent studies suggest that the emissions of aromatic compounds and molar yields of glyoxal in the chemical mechanisms may both be underestimated, which can affect the simulated glyoxal concentrations. In this study, the influences of these two factors on glyoxal amounts over China were investigated using the RAMS-CMAQ modeling system for January and July 2014. Four sensitivity simulations were performed, and the results were compared to satellite observations. These results demonstrated significant impacts on glyoxal concentrations from these two factors.In case 1, where the emissions of aromatic compounds were increased three-fold,improvements to glyoxal VCDs were seen in high anthropogenic emissions regions. In case 2, where molar yields of glyoxal from isoprene were increased five-fold, the resulted concentrations in July were 3–5-fold higher, achieving closer agreement between the modeled and measured glyoxal VCDs. The combined changes from both cases 1 and 2 were applied in case 3, and the model succeeded in further reducing the underestimations of glyoxal VCDs. However, the results over most of the regions with pronounced anthropogenic emissions were still underestimated. So the molar yields of glyoxal from anthropogenic precursors were considered in case 4. With these additional mole yield changes(a two-fold increase), the improved concentrations agreed better with the measurements in regions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River in January but not in July.     

2020年初疫情管控对山东省空气质量影响的模拟

利用2020年初新冠疫情对人类生产、生活的一次自然冲击及由此导致的大气污染状况变化,研究了空气质量对污染物减排及气象因素的响应关系.通过对疫情管控前（1月15~23日）和疫情控制关键期（1月24日~2月7日）这2个阶段空气质量对比分析发现,疫情期间山东省除O₃浓度上升外,PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO₂、SO₂及CO浓度分别降低72.6 μg·m^-3、47.4 μg·m^-3、25.6 μg·m^-3、3.0 μg·m^-3和0.5 mg·m^-3;降幅分别为45.86%、41.24%、58.00%、17.71%和31.40%;RAMS-CMAQ模拟显示,疫情期气象扩散条件改善导致的PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO₂、SO₂和CO浓度改善幅度为26.04%、33.03%、28.35%、43.27%和23.29%,人为减排造成的各污染物浓度降低幅度为19.82%、8.21%、29.65%、-25.56%和8.12%.疫情期间O₃浓度上升20.51%,气象因素和人为活动的影响分别占10.47%和10.04%.结果表明一次污染物对减排响应更敏感,二次污染物对减排响应有一定时滞性且受气象因素影响更显著,臭氧浓度对污染物减排线性响应关系不明显,总体呈负相关,说明臭氧的控制需探索科学的污染物减排比例.     

基于RAMS-CMAQ模拟的2019年初威海市大气污染反弹成因研究

威海市是山东省东部最典型的沿海城市,也是中国、日本、韩国大气污染相互传输影响的重要通道.虽然威海市大气质量已连续4年达标,但其污染仍时有反弹.2019年1-2月威海市大气NO₂和PM_2.5浓度反弹率分别达48.5%和35.0%,明显高于山东省内陆地区和京津冀地区平均水平.通过对同期空气质量例行监测数据和气象资料统计分析、空气质量模型RAMS-CMAQ模拟和后向轨迹聚类等方法定量剖析了威海市大气污染反弹的原因.结果表明,威海市2019年1-2月空气污染反弹与气象条件及其相关联的污染物区域输送有较大的相关性,与2018年同期相比,冷空气活动弱、降水量偏少、风速偏低、受来自山东内陆和京津冀相对高污染区污染输送影响偏多是造成本次污染反弹的主要诱因.RAMS-CMAQ模拟显示,相同排放源假定下,由气象条件及其引起的区域传输造成的PM_2.5和NO₂浓度反弹,2019年1、2月较2018年同期PM_2.5浓度增加值分别为8、3 μg·m^-3,分别占总反弹率的53%、37.5%,NO₂浓度增加值分别为10、7.5 μg·m^-3,分别占总反弹率的58.8%、40%.说明威海市空气质量受外来输送明显、扩散条件及区域污染输送是空气质量评估不容忽视的重要因素.