双峰驼骨质疏松症的流行特点及其与生物地球化学因子之间的关系

研究了双峰驼骨质疏松症的流行特点及与生物地球化学因子之间的关系，结果表明，在从腾格里沙漠西南端开始向巴丹吉林沙漠的西北方向延伸形成大约长600km，宽160km的狭长发病区域内，该病发病率为28．8％，致死率达60％,该区土壤、牧草中Cu、P含量极显著低于正常值（p＜0．01），牧草中m（Ca）：m（P）为50：1；病驼全血和被毛P含量亦低于健康驼（P＜0．01）．因此认为该病主要是由双峰驼食物链中P缺乏所致的一种骨营养不良症．     

川西北草原土壤硼、锰丰缺状况初探

根据110余个表层土壤样品硼、锰含量的测定结果和土壤缺乏硼、锰的临界值指标,探究了川西北草原土壤中硼、锰的有效性及其丰缺状况.结果表明,本区土壤中全硼全锰含量丰富分别达166.0ppm和736.6ppm,但有效硼和锰的含量仅分别为0.45ppm和5.11ppm,土壤缺乏硼和锰比较普遍.为该区推广施用硼、锰微肥提供了初步的科学依据.     

低溶解氧和磷缺乏引发的非丝状菌污泥膨胀及控制

针对污泥培养过程中出现的非丝状菌污泥膨胀,分析了发生膨胀后污泥的特征、性状及其降解污染物性能.反应器中低溶解氧浓度（0～0.7mg/L）和低P/BOD₅值(0.78/100) 2种因素共同作用导致污泥膨胀.污泥胞外多聚糖含量越高,污泥憎水性越小,SVI也越高.通过提高溶解氧浓度和P/BOD₅值,可使污泥沉降性能得到恢复.此外,向膨胀污泥中投加多孔填料,在不降低处理效能的情况下,很快使系统免受污泥沉降性能恶化的困扰,而向膨胀污泥中投加强氧化剂NaClO并不能有效控制污泥膨胀.     

氮磷同时缺乏对活性污泥系统的影响

为了考察氮磷同时缺乏对活性污泥系统的影响,采用2个序批式间歇反应器（SBR）,按照缺氧/好氧的方式平行运行,通过调节不同的进水COD/N/P比,考察了氮磷同时缺乏状态下活性污泥系统的污泥沉降性、絮体形态、出水水质以及比耗氧速率等方面的表现。结果表明,在氮磷同时缺乏时,当进水COD/N/P比为100/2/0.4时,活性污泥系统会发生丝状菌膨胀,而当进水COD/N/P为100/0.5/0.1时,污泥沉降性保持良好;各反应器的活性污泥浓度均在逐渐地下降,MLSS由约2200mg/L下降至1800mg/L以下;各反应器的比耗氧速率均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,COD的去除率呈现逐渐下降的趋势。     

开阳富硒农作物筛选研究

本文通过对贵州开阳禾丰乡和冯三镇富硒岩石出露区出产农作物的野外调查和室内分析研究,筛选了该区可供开发种植富硒农作物的土壤农田和农作物品种。研究结果表明:土壤硒含量为0.46~2.31 mg/kg,均值为1.42 mg/kg,冯三镇的安坪村、金龙村和禾丰乡的杨柳坝、甘塘村一带的土壤都达到了富硒水平;农作物的含硒量为0.007~0.61 mg/kg,筛选出的主要农作物有水稻、玉米、辣椒、油菜、洋芋等,大都达到了富硒等级。     

Soil selenium concentration and Kashin-Beck disease prevalence in Tibet, China

In order to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of Kashin-Back disease (KBD) and Se concentrations, natural soil samples and cultivated soil samples were collected from southeastern Tibet, China; and the soil Se concentrations were measured by atomic fluorescent spectrophotometer. It was found that the mean Se concentrations of natural soil samples in KBD areas, from the first layer to the third layer, were 0.17 mg/kg, 0.11 mg/kg, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, and in nondisease areas were 0.21 mg/kg, 0.24 mg/kg, and 0.13mg/kg, respectively. The mean Se concentrations of cultivated soil samples were 0.10 mg/kg in KBD areas and 0.23 mg/kg in non-disease areas, respectively. Soil Se concentrations in KBD areas were lower than that in non-disease areas, and the mean concentrations of soil Se in Tibet were lower than the average of China (0.29 mg/kg). Therefore, there is a close relationship between soil Se concentrations and KBD in Tibet. More studies should be concentrated on the impacts of Se deficiency in soils and its relationship with Se concentrations in food-grain and the human body in Tibet areas.     

Prenatal diagnosis of the hurler syndrome: Report on 40 pregnancies at risk

In 40 pregnancies at risk for the Hurler syndrome 13 affected fetuses were detected by the demonstration of an α-L -iduronidase deficiency and an increased level of ³⁵S-sulphate incorporation. The diagnoses were confirmed by the analysis of fetal tissues and/or cultured fetal skin fibroblasts. Microassays for α-L -iduronidase, using phenyl α-L -iduronide and more recently 4–methyl-umbelliferyl α-L -iduronide, enabled a reliable diagnosis to be made within 15 to 18 days after amniocentesis. ³⁵S-sulphate incorporation has been a valuable adjunct in cases with a low (heterozygote) enzyme activity.     

Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by rflp analysis of the 21-hydroxylase,complement C4, and HLA class II genes

In 19 pregnancies at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) in 18 families with at lea one affected child, prenatal diagnosis was performed by RFLP analysis using the enzymi Taq I and EcoRI and the DNA probes specific for the 21 OH genes, the closely linke complement C4 genes and the highly polymorphic HLA class II genes DRB, DQB, and DPI For fetal DNA analysis either chorionic villi or cultivated amniotic cells were used. In all 1 cases, a clear prenatal diagnosis was possible either with the 21OH probe alone or in mo cases, by combining the results of the different closely linked loci.     

Use of the chemical cleavage of mismatch method for prenatal deficiency diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin

The most common mutation in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, conversion of a G to an A at base 9989 (PI-Z), was detected with the chemical cleavage of mismatch method, demonstrating the power of the method for prenatal diagnosis. Exon V of the gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and heteroduplexes were formed to test for the presence of the mutation. The predicted C mismatch was readily detectable with hydroxylamine, and by making the probe from the chorionic villus sample it was possible to determine that the fetus was heterozygous, not homozygous, for the mutation.