Cd-tolerant Suillus luteus: A fungal insurance for pines exposed to Cd

Soil metal pollution can trigger evolutionary adaptation in soil-borne organisms. An in vitro screening test showed cadmium adaptation in populations of Suillus luteus (L.: Fr.) Roussel, an ectomycorrhizal fungus of pine trees. Cadmium stress was subsequently investigated in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings inoculated with a Cd-tolerant S. luteus, isolated from a heavy metal contaminated site, and compared to plants inoculated with a Cd-sensitive isolate from a non-polluted area. A dose-response experiment with mycorrhizal pines showed better plant protection by a Cd-adapted fungus: more fungal biomass and a higher nutrient uptake at high Cd exposure. In addition, less Cd was transferred to aboveground plant parts. Because of the key role of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis for tree fitness, the evolution of Cd tolerance in an ectomycorrhizal partner such as S. luteus can be of major importance for the establishment of pine forests on Cd-contaminated soils.     

Dynamics of bacterial community of Suillus granulatus mushroom shiro in Pine (Pinus tabuliformis) forests北大核心CSCD

To evaluate bacterial community variation in the mushroom shiro of Suillus granulatus during fruiting, we collected soil samples from the mushroom shiro in the pine (Pinus tabuliformis) forest of mountainous area in Beijing from May to November and evaluated the bacterial community using polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Total soil DNA was extracted using a commercial soil DNA isolation kit. PCR amplification and DGGE were performed using bacterial universal primers 338F and 518R. The specific bands were excised from the gel and sequenced. The results revealed that soil bacterial community maintained considerably high level and changed seasonally with the mushroom fruiting. In total, 53 bands of DGGE profiles were sequenced and divided into 5 phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and 22 genera (Acidobacterium, Aminobacter, et al). Species from Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups sharing considerably high relative abundance, while class a-Proteobacteria was the most abundant group. The variation of the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria species was consistent with the mushroom fruiting season. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria species obviously increased before mushroom flush (in July). The fruiting of S. granulatus and the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria were correlated with each other. The present study provided a basis for conservation and domestication of mushroom S. granulatus.     

Antimony content of macrofungi from clean and polluted areas

Species of macrofungi (mushrooms) were collected from clean areas and analyzed for their antimony content. These were compared to species collected from extremely polluted areas in the vicinity of a lead smelter and on mine and slag dumps. Antimony content was determined using long-term instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Ectomycorrhizal and terrestrial saprobic macrofungi were examined. Antimony content of macrofungi from the clean areas was mostly less than 100 μg kg⁻¹ (dry mass). The highest concentrations (units of mg kg⁻¹) were found in various species of the ectomycorrhizal genera Chalciporus and Suillus. Antimony contents of macrofungi growing in the polluted areas were considerably higher. The highest content was found in a single collection of Chalciporus piperatus (1423 mg kg⁻¹).     

Excessive Cu and Zn affecting on distribution of the metals and activities of glycolytic and nitrogen incorporating key enzymes in mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥｃｔｏ ｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａｌｆｕｎｇｉａｒｅｋｎｏｗｎｔｏａｍｅｌｉｏｒａｔｅｍｅｔａｌｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｔｏｔｈｅａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｈｉｇｈｅｒｐｌａｎｔｓ (Ｂｒａｄｌｅｙ ,1981;1982 ;Ｂｒｏｗｎ ,1985;Ｂｕｃｋｉｎｇ ,1995) .Ｔｈｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｂｙｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａｌｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏａｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｈｏｏｔｔｉｓｓｕｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ,ｃｏｕｐｌｅｗｉｔｈａｎｉｎｃｒｅａ…     

两种外生菌根真菌对重金属Zn、Cd和Pb耐性的研究

纯培养条件下研究菌根真菌对重金属耐性的前提是选择合适的培养方式且保持重金属的有效性，比较了液体静置、液体摇床和琼脂固体培养3种方式下Cd对点柄粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus granulatus)生长的影响，筛选后确定液体静置培养是一种比较合适的方法，运用液体静置培养方法，研究了重金属Zn、Cd和Pb对点柄粘盖牛肝菌和卷缘桩菇(Paxillus involutus)生长的影响，并利用EC50值评价真菌对Zn、Cd和Pb的耐性。结果表明卷缘桩菇的CdEC50值低于点柄粘盖牛肝菌，但Zn和Pb的EC50值均高于点柄粘盖牛肝菌，表明卷缘桩菇比点柄粘盖牛肝菌更耐Zn和Ph，对Cd却比较敏感。     

小兴安岭红松外生菌根真菌资源及响应面法优化Suillusgrevillei培养基

红松是濒危的珍稀植物,同时又是典型的外生菌根树种。论文对小兴安岭红松林内外生菌根真菌资源进行了调查,同时利用响应面法筛选优化厚环粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus grevillei)培养基的组分。经对小兴安岭红松林下外生菌根真菌采集调查与分类鉴定,初步确定有5个科、8个属、21个种的真菌为红松外生菌根真菌类群,其中常见的有厚环粘盖牛肝菌、灰鹅膏菌(Amanita vaginata)、赭盖红菇(Russula mustelina)等。以改良MMN培养基为基础培养基,利用响应面法优化筛选确定S.grevillei的最佳培养基配方是KH₂PO₄ 0.3 g、Peptone 16 g、Glucose 12 g、Beef extract 15 g、 CaCl₂ 0.05 g、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.15 g、Malt extract 3 g、FeCl₃(1%溶液) 1.2 ml、NaCl 0.025 g、(NH₄)₂HPO₄ 0.25 g、Vitamin B₁微量(0.005 g) 、Agar 20 g并加水至1 000 ml。该配方为S.grevillei菌剂的规模化生产奠定了基础。