海洋现代沉积速率~（210）Pb－~（210）Bi法的射线测定研究

本文主要介绍了用~（２１０）Ｐｂ─~（２１０）Ｂｉ法测定海洋现代沉积速率和数据处理方法的研究。该方法测定的结果与~（２１０）Ｐｂ─~（２１０）Ｐｏ法和阴离子交换－ＥＤＴＡ纯化－硫酸钡镭沉淀－α计数法（简称~（２２６）Ｒａ法）以及厦门大学海洋系经研究改进的分离、纯化~（２１０）Ｐｂ的离子交换法的测定结果相当吻合。     

关于环境监理稽查

环境监理稽查包括两方面内容：一是上级环境保护行政主管部门跨越行政级别直接查处环境行政违法案件；二是查处违法环境行政行为，对其作用进行了探讨。     

Sanfilippo D syndrome: Correction of glucosamine-6-sulphatase deficiency following fibroblast culture in chang's media

The de-O-sulphation of α-linked glucosamine-6-sulphate residues in heparan sulphate requires a specific sulphatase, glucosamine-6-sulphatase, which has been shown to be deficient in tissues of Sanfilippo D, or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (MPS IIID), patients. MPS IIID fibroblasts cultured in Basal Eagle's medium supplemented with either fetal calf serum or heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, MDCB or Ultraserg media had residual glucosarnine-6-sulphatase activities towards a heparin-derived trisaccharide substrate, O-(α-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate)-(1→4)-L -O-(α-iduronic acid-2-sulphate)-(1→4)-D -O-2,5-anhydro [1-³H]mannitol-6-sulphate, GlcNAc6S-IdoA2S-anM6S, which were less than 1 per cent of the normal range for fibroblasts cultured in Basal Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. However, the glucosamine-6-sulphatase activities of MPS IIID fibroblasts grown in Chang's medium were similar to the activities in normal control fibroblasts which were cultured in Basal Eagle's medium. These results indicate that caution is required for prenatal diagnosis of MPS IIID patients using chorionic villi or amniotic cells cultured in Chang's medium.     

显微构造分析法和包裹体方法在断层研究中的应用

在工程建设中，工地及邻近地区的断层活动性是工程设计的一项重要依据。在总结以往研究的基础上，介绍了显微构造分析法和包裹体方法在断层活动性评价中的国内外最新研究成果。事实表明，这两种方法在工程地质领域具有良好的应用前景。     

1995年世界重要地震灾情及地震活动特征

1995年全世界发生197次6级以上地震，其中有30次7级以上的地震（最大震级8．1级）。具有灾害性的地震为33次，伤亡20人以上的，国内及边界地区为4次，国外有15次，其中有2次灾难性的大地震。该年地震与1994年相比呈明显增强趋势，为本世纪以来第三个强震最多之年。1995年世界地震灾害的主要特点为地震袭击现代化大城市，造成惨重的人员伤亡，惊人的财产损失数额。     

20世纪长江的3次巨洪

分析了形成20世纪长江3次巨洪的3个遥相关因子：（1）太阳黑子活动;（2）厄尔尼诺事件,（3）青藏高原南部大震。依据长江巨洪和遥相关因子的基本事实,讨论了长江发生巨洪的统计规律。指出当3个因子的出现时间互相重叠时,长江很可能发生巨洪,这对长江巨洪的超长期预测具有重要的指导作用。     

饮用水生物处理中微生物量和活性的测定方法

微生物量和微生物活性是饮用水生物处理工艺设计与运行的重要参数。总结论述了适用于表示饮用水生物处理过程生物膜中微生物数量和活性的几种主要指标的测定方法。     

Assessment of population exposure to particulate matter pollution in Chongqing, China

To determine the population exposure to PM(10) in Chongqing, China, we developed an indirect model by combining information on the time activity patterns of various demographic subgroups with estimates of the PM(10) concentrations in different microenvironments (MEs). The spatial and temporal variations of the exposure to PM(10) were illustrated in a geographical information system (GIS). The population weighted exposure (PWE) for the entire population was 229, 155 and 211 microg/m(3), respectively, in winter, summer and as the annual average. Indoor PM(10) level at home was the largest contributor to the PWE, especially for the rural areas where high pollution levels were found due to solid fuels burning. Elder people had higher PM(10) exposure than adults and youth, due to more time spent in indoor MEs. The highest health risk due to particulate was found in the city zone and northeast regions, suggesting that pollution abatement should be prioritized in these areas.     

Effects of ecological factors on the diurnal activity rhythm of Yakutian black-capped marmots (Marmota camtschatica bungei) in the arctic

It is established that the activity of marmots (the genusMarmota) on the surface is timed to the daylight period. In the Arctic, under conditions of continuous illumination (the polar day), the diurnal rhythm of black-capped marmotsMarmota camtschatica bungei on the surface has a “daylight” pattern. The main external regulator of the diurnal rhythm is the altitude of the sun above the horizon. In the cold period, however, the effect of air temperature on animal activity becomes stronger.     

垦殖对桂林会仙喀斯特湿地土壤养分与微生物活性的影响

选择桂林会仙喀斯特湿地不同垦殖方式的土壤为研究对象,通过研究原生沼泽湿地及其开垦21 a的水田和旱地0~40 cm不同深度的土壤理化性质、微生物数量、酶活性、微生物呼吸等变化趋势,以揭示垦殖对会仙喀斯特湿地土壤质量的影响.结果表明：①垦殖导致会仙喀斯特湿地土壤呈现偏酸性和养分含量降低的趋势,垦殖后土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、速效氮（AN）、全磷（TP）、速效磷（AP）、全钾（TK）和速效钾（AK）总体上趋于减小,并且表层土壤减小的趋势最为显著.②垦殖改变了土壤微生物数量分布的相对比例关系,水田土壤的细菌和放线菌数量最高,而土壤真菌数量则在旱地最高（P<0.001）.③垦殖降低了各土层蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,在旱地的数值最低.④垦殖后土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）、基础呼吸（BR）、呼吸势（PR）和微生物熵（qMB）总体上均趋于减小,代谢熵（qCO₂）在湿地表现为先增大后减小的趋势,而在水田和旱地则一致表现为逐渐升高的趋势.各土层的MBC、MBN、BR、PR和qMB普遍呈现出湿地 > 水田 > 旱地的趋势.qCO₂在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层表现为湿地 > 水田 > 旱地,而在20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层则表现为旱地 > 水田 > 湿地.综上,垦殖显著降低了土壤的微生物活性,土壤质量呈现下降趋势,对旱地土壤影响较为严重.在会仙喀斯特湿地生态恢复过程中,应减少垦殖旱地和水田的面积,退耕恢复湿地面积.