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1.
The feasibility of using U.K. coal-fired power station waste materials for artificial reef production is being examined. in June, 1989, an experimental artificial reef was constructed in Poole Bay, off the central south coast of the U.K., using three different mixtures of pulverised fuel ash (PFA), flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum and slurry, stabilized with cement and formed into blocks. Fifty tonnes of 40 × 20 × 20 cm blocks were formed into eight conical reef units replicating three different PFA/gypsum mixtures and one concrete control. the reef structure is 10m below chart datum on a flat sandy sea-bed.
Combustion of coal concentrates the heavy metal content in the resultant ash. the purpose of stabilization of the ash as blocks is twofold: to immobilize heavy metals (or other components) and to provide hard substratum for the attachment of organisms. to examine the effectiveness of this stabilization and hence the environmental compatibility of the block materials, heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn) content of the blocks has been monitored routinely over two years, to determine leaching rates. Sectional profiles indicate partial replacement of calcium content by magnesium. Associated with this there has also been some redistribution of heavy metals. Only in the case of cadmium has there been a detectable loss from the surface of blocks. Chromium and manganese concentrations appear to have increased. the metal content of the reef epibiota (including ascidians, Ascidia mentula; hydroids, Halecium spp.; bryozoans, Bugula spp. and red algae) growing on the ash blocks has been compared to that of epibiota attached to the concrete controls and surrounding sea-bed. to date no evidence of excess bioaccumulation of metals has been detected.
The physical integrity of the ash reef blocks has been maintained. There is evidence that the blocks are increasing in compressive strength.
An indication of the fishery enhancement potential of the experimental structure is given by the presence of eight commercially fished species (crustaceans and molluscs) including lobsters (Homarus gammarus). 相似文献
Combustion of coal concentrates the heavy metal content in the resultant ash. the purpose of stabilization of the ash as blocks is twofold: to immobilize heavy metals (or other components) and to provide hard substratum for the attachment of organisms. to examine the effectiveness of this stabilization and hence the environmental compatibility of the block materials, heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn) content of the blocks has been monitored routinely over two years, to determine leaching rates. Sectional profiles indicate partial replacement of calcium content by magnesium. Associated with this there has also been some redistribution of heavy metals. Only in the case of cadmium has there been a detectable loss from the surface of blocks. Chromium and manganese concentrations appear to have increased. the metal content of the reef epibiota (including ascidians, Ascidia mentula; hydroids, Halecium spp.; bryozoans, Bugula spp. and red algae) growing on the ash blocks has been compared to that of epibiota attached to the concrete controls and surrounding sea-bed. to date no evidence of excess bioaccumulation of metals has been detected.
The physical integrity of the ash reef blocks has been maintained. There is evidence that the blocks are increasing in compressive strength.
An indication of the fishery enhancement potential of the experimental structure is given by the presence of eight commercially fished species (crustaceans and molluscs) including lobsters (Homarus gammarus). 相似文献
2.
A. L. Heathwaite 《Chemistry and Ecology》1993,8(3):217-231
Although most research has focussed on inorganic nutrient forms of nitrate (NO-3) and phosphorus (PO34) in runoff and receiving waters, nitrogen loss from agricultural land can also occur in organic and ammonium-nitrogen form; phosphorus losses, although often dominated by particulate transport, may occur in soluble organic and inorganic form. Furthermore, fluxes between different species may take place during transport from the land to the stream and as a result of in-stream, in-river or in-lake transformations. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal variation in all nitrogen species and phosphorus fractions in a drainage basin is therefore essential if the wider environmental significance of elevated nutrient concentrations in natural waters are to be assessed. This paper reviews recent work on N and P losses from agricultural land and presents some results from two intensive agricultural catchments: Slapton, Devon and the river Windrush catchment in the Cotswolds. 相似文献
3.
免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文讨论了免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的生产原理,制造技术。试验结果表明利用化学复合外加剂能够成功地生产出免烧免蒸粉煤从砖,且产品质量达到红砖100号的标准。文中还分析了生产粉煤灰砖的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
4.
5.
浅谈粉煤灰综合治理及建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
赵云东 《石油化工环境保护》1998,(2):45-47
介绍了大庆石油化工总厂热电厂自投产以来,粉煤灰综合治理的经过,所采取的措施,存在的问题和收到的成效。这对于我国高寒平原地区的燃煤电厂有一定的借鉴参考作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
Idris Azni Saed Katayon Muniandy Ratnasamy Megat Mohd Noor Megat Johari 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(1):33-37
This article reports the operational results of the effective utilization of hospital waste molten slag produced using a high-temperature melting system, and being operated at a hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. The hospital waste is incinerated and subsequently melted at 1200°C. Scanning election microscope (SEM)/EDX results showed that the slag produced after melting contained amounts of SiO2, CaO, and Al2O3 in excess of 53%, 9%, and 16%, respectively. The results from a leaching analysis on the slag produced proved that the melting process had successfully stabilized the heavy metals. The use of this slag as an alternative material to replace conventional aggregates for road construction was studied. The results from aggregate and asphalt mix tests showed that the slag produced fulfills all the requirements of an alternative aggregate. The average asphalt content, or the optimum asphalt content to be mixed with hospital waste molten slag, was found to be about 5.53%. 相似文献
8.
The effect of Na and Ca salts on MSWI bottom ash activation for reuse as a pozzolanic admixture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study the possibility of both chemical and combined chemical + thermal activation of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash was investigated. A number of chemical activators including Na2SiO3·9H2O, NaOH, Na2SO4 and CaCl2·2H2O were individually added at varying concentrations to bottom ash/Portland cement mixtures having different bottom ash contents. The effect of the selected compounds was evaluated in terms of macroscopic properties including mechanical strength and composition of cementitious materials/water slurries. The results showed that Na-based activators were not capable of improving the characteristics of the cementitious products if compared to Portland cement under both normal and accelerated curing. Conversely, the use of calcium chloride at 40 °C-curing did promote the pozzolanic properties of bottom ash, leading to UCS values of 45.5 and 60.0 MPa after 10 and 20 days, respectively, as opposed to a value of 43.6 MPa obtained after 28 days for Portland cement under normal curing conditions. 相似文献
9.
滇池福保湾沉积物不同形态磷的垂向分布 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
应用SMT连续提取法分析滇池福保湾柱状沉积物的磷(P)形态,探讨P形态的垂向分布特征.沉积物中总磷 (TP)含量高,最高达4 200 mg/kg, 无机磷 (IP)是TP的主要部分,占TP的52%~91%, 铁/铝结合态磷 (Fe/Al-P)是IP的主要部分,占IP的55%~94%.同一湖区不同采样点的沉积物P形态的垂向变化不同,湖湾北端近河口处和南端远离河口处的沉积物中Fe/Al-P, IP, 有机磷 (OP)和TP含量随深度增加而增加,6~11 cm 层的含量最高,这与近年来入湖河流污染负荷削减和河堤阻隔导致P入湖量减少有关.河口处沉积物的钙结合态磷 (Ca-P)含量随深度增加而增加,最南端沉积物的Ca-P含量随深度增加而减少.离河口较远的沉积物中,Fe/Al-P, IP, OP,TP和Ca-P均随深度增加而减少.各点沉积物P形态的变化受该点人类活动带来的入湖污染物量的影响较大,距河口最远处的沉积物中P形态随深度变化不如其他点明显. 相似文献
10.
南四湖及主要入湖河流表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
研究了南四湖及其主要河流人湖口18个表层沉积物对磷的吸附能力、吸附动力学及其吸附等温线,并对湖区沉积物对磷吸附特征及其理化特征之间的关系进行了探讨.结果表明,对于处于不同营养水平的沉积物,对磷酸盐的吸附具有一致的特征.在前10h沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附量基本达到或超过平衡吸附量的80%,并且在0~1.0 h内吸附反应迅速.在本研究条件下,表层沉积物的cEPC的变化范围为0.010~0.157mg·L-1, Qmax的变化范围是86.74~118.32 mg·kg-1, TQmax的变化范围是99.97~281.11 mg·kg-1·cEPC、NAP、m、Qmax和TQmax与Ads-P都具有显著的正相关关系,沉积物Ads-P含量可以作为指导南四湖水体污染程度的一项指标. m与TQmax之间具有显著的正相关性,吸附效率不仅体现的是对外来磷的吸附效率,还应当包含对本身释放磷的再吸附的效率.对于南四湖沉积物TQmax、NAP和Qmax起到同样的贡献.沉积物的NAP与cEPC之间呈显著正相关性,总的趋势就是,当上覆水中磷含量相等时,具有高的NAP的沉积物易于向上覆水体释磷,反之具有较低NAP的沉积物易从水中吸附磷. 相似文献